核桃楸叶片中总黄酮的最佳提取工艺研究

利用超声波法对核桃楸叶片中总黄酮的提取工艺进行了研究,在单因素试验的基础上,采用正交试验法,确立最佳提取条件,考察乙醇浓度、提取温度、液料比和提取时间对核桃楸叶片总黄酮提取率的影响。结果表明：超声波法辅助提取核桃楸叶片总黄酮的最适工艺参数是浸提剂乙醇浓度为70%,提取温度为50℃,液料比为20：1,提取时间为20 min,且总黄酮提取率可达4.458%。     

超声波辅助浸提毛木耳总黄酮类化合物的工艺优化

黄酮类化合物是一类重要的次生代谢产物,广泛存在于各种植物和真菌中,具有抗菌、抗癌、抗氧化等生物活性。本研究以提取毛木耳子实体中总黄酮量为考察指标,运用响应面分析法研究了超声功率、浸提时间、乙醇浓度和料液比4个因素对总黄酮提取量的影响,以获得提取毛木耳总黄酮的最优工艺。经响应面分析,各因素按照对响应值的影响顺序为：浸提时间＞超声功率＞乙醇浓度＞料液比,且超声功率、浸提时间、乙醇浓度对总黄酮提取量的影响极显著。结果表明提取毛木耳子实体中总黄酮含量的最优工艺为：超声功率168W、浸提时间50min、乙醇浓度60%、料液比1:7,总黄酮的最大预测提取量为2.11%。验证试验结果表明,总黄酮含量平均为2.08%,与理论值基本吻合。本研究将为食用菌中总黄酮的提取工艺提供理论基础。     

淫羊藿保健酒常温浸提工艺研究

研究了淫羊藿保健酒常温浸提的工艺条件,以淫羊藿总黄酮提取量为指标,在单因素试验的基础上,采用正交试验优化了淫羊藿保健酒常温浸提的工艺条件。结果表明,各因素对黄酮提取量影响的顺序为：乙醇浓度对黄酮提取量影响最大,料液比次之,浸提时间影响最小;最佳浸提工艺条件为：乙醇浓度为70%、料液比1∶40、浸提时间3h。在此条件下,淫羊藿总黄酮提取量为95.53±1.36mg/g。     

正交试验法优化菊花中总黄酮的提取工艺研究

研究了菊花中总黄酮的提取工艺。以总黄酮浸提量为考察指标,在单因素试验基础上,采用L_9(3~4)正交试验法,对乙醇体积分数、料液比、提取时间和提取温度等条件进行优化,筛选出最优提取工艺。菊花中总黄酮物质的最优提取工艺为:乙醇体积分数70%,料液比1∶23 (w/v),提取时间140 min,提取温度70℃,提取次数2次,总黄酮的浸提量为28.11 mg/g。该工艺操作简单、重复性好,且对菊花中总黄酮有较高的提取量,可为工业生产提供一定的理论依据。     

正交实验优选月腺大戟根总黄酮的提取工艺

目的：研究月腺大戟根中总黄酮类化合物的提取工艺,为研发新型植物源农药提供理论基础。方法：采用索氏提取法对月腺大戟根总黄酮进行提取,以乙醇体积分数、提取时间、提取温度、料液比为实验因素,以提取的总黄酮含量为指标,对提取工艺进行考察,确定最佳提取条件。结果和结论：根总黄酮提取的优化条件为：提取时间2h,提取温度70℃,料液比1：40,乙醇浓度50％;影响提取的主次顺序为：料液比〉提取时间〉乙醇浓度〉提取温度;其中料液比和提取时间是影响根总黄酮提取效果的显著因素。     

正交设计优选橙皮苷提取工艺研究

采用碱-醇提酸沉法提取陈皮中橙皮苷,首先针对提取温度、提取时间、pH值、碱液料液比、醇液料液比、提取次数等因素对提取率的影响进行单因素实验考察,并进一步利用正交实验对橙皮苷的提取工艺进行优化。得到最优浸提条件为:陈皮粉与食用乙醇料液比为1:10、与0.5%NaOH溶液料液比1:10,浸提温度70℃,浸提时间4 h,提取率最高。     

纤维素酶提取楮实子多酚及其抗氧化性研究

以楮实子为原料,采用纤维素酶法研究楮实子多酚的提取工艺,以单因素实验(纤维素酶含量、浸提时间、液料比、浸提温度和p H)为依据,选取浸提时间、液料比、浸提温度和pH等4因素,以楮实子多酚提取率为指标,通过4因素3水平的Box-Behnken实验设计,优化了楮实子多酚提取的工艺参数,结果表明:浸提时间150 min、液料比35∶1 mL/g、浸提温度70℃、pH6.10,楮实子多酚提取率达到39.67 mg/g。并通过2种体外抗氧化实验(DPPH自由基清除力和铁氰化钾还原法),证明楮实子多酚具有较强的抗氧化活性。     

葡萄叶中总黄酮的提取工艺研究

目的：从葡萄叶中提取总黄酮。方法：采用正交试验法研究葡萄叶总黄酮的最佳提取工艺条件,考察了乙醇浓度、回流温度、回流时间及料液比四因素对葡萄叶总黄酮提取率的影响。结果：确立了葡萄叶总黄酮最佳提取条件为：45％的乙醇为溶剂、液料比为1：40、提取温度为60％、提取时间2h,在最佳工艺条件下葡萄叶总黄酮含量为5．329mg／g。     

芦笋茎叶游离氨基酸的提取及含量测定

通过对芦笋茎叶游离氨基酸提取工艺中温度、提取时间、料液比、乙酸浓度等影响因素的试验分析,确定芦笋茎叶游离氨基酸测定过程中的最佳提取条件为：提取温度60℃;料液比为1：35;提取时间为2．5h;并对芦笋茎叶游离氨基酸含量进行了测定,确定芦笋茎叶游离氨基酸含量为76．54mg／100g。     

双水相同时提取次烟叶中茄尼醇和烟碱的研究

研究新型双水相体系同时从次等烟丝中提取茄尼醇和烟碱的可行性和工艺条件。新型双水相体系为丙酮-磷酸氢二钾双水相体系,主要研究了丙酮与水不同体积比、磷酸氢二钾的加入量、料液比、浸提温度、浸提时间、双水相体系pH值对茄尼醇和烟碱得率的影响,确定了最佳提取条件:丙酮与水的体积为5∶5,磷酸氢二钾的加入量为3.0 g,料液比为0.025 g/mL(0.5 g/20.0 mL),浸提温度为50℃,浸提时间为4 h,pH值为10。     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

Interconnection of parameters of regulation system of lipid peroxidation and of morphophysiological parameters of mouse liver

A complex analysis of seasonal fluctuations of the mean group parameters of the system of regulation of lipid peroxidation has been performed in liver of Balb/c mice. Association of lipid characteristics and morphophysiological parameters is studied in the Balb/c mouse liver. An inter-connection is revealed between the liver index and the amount of lysoforms of phospholipids, the scale and character of the interconnection differing essentially depending on proportion of phos-phatidylcholine in mouse liver phospholipids.     

Time of detection of recessive genes: effects of system of mating and number of examined individuals

Summary Anthers were cultured from two sets of seven lines of hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) with different cytoplasms, the euplasmic nucleus donors, Siete Cerros 66 and Penjamo 62, as well as their six alloplasmic lines derived from wild relative species of the genera Triticum and Aegilops. Significant cytoplasmic and nuclear effects but no cytoplasmic-nuclear interaction were found for embryogenic anther response, with the best performance of Penjamo 62 in Ae. kotschyi cytoplasm. Plant regeneration was not affected significantly by the cytoplasmic background of the lines cultured. The possible genetic implications of the observed cytoplasmic and nuclear influences on the in vitro haploid induction of wheat are discussed.