纤维素酶提取楮实子多酚及其抗氧化性研究

以楮实子为原料,采用纤维素酶法研究楮实子多酚的提取工艺,以单因素实验(纤维素酶含量、浸提时间、液料比、浸提温度和p H)为依据,选取浸提时间、液料比、浸提温度和pH等4因素,以楮实子多酚提取率为指标,通过4因素3水平的Box-Behnken实验设计,优化了楮实子多酚提取的工艺参数,结果表明:浸提时间150 min、液料比35∶1 mL/g、浸提温度70℃、pH6.10,楮实子多酚提取率达到39.67 mg/g。并通过2种体外抗氧化实验(DPPH自由基清除力和铁氰化钾还原法),证明楮实子多酚具有较强的抗氧化活性。     

响应面法优化铁观音茶梗中茶多糖提取工艺

目前,我国国内铁观音茶梗并未实现广泛的综合利用。为了避免铁观音茶梗的大规模浪费,开辟茶产业发展的新途径,本研究探讨了铁观音茶梗中茶多糖提取工艺的优化。在单因素试验的基础上,选取了浸提温度、浸提时间、料液比、醇沉时间为实验因子,以茶多糖提取率为响应面值,通过响应面试验设计方法来构建数学模型并进行数据分析。研究结果表明,铁观音茶梗中茶多糖提取的最佳工艺参数组合为:浸提温度为100℃、浸提时间为120 min、料液比为1:40、醇沉时间为60 min。在此条件下,茶多糖提取率为2.97%。本研究为实现从铁观音茶梗中分离提取茶多糖的工业化生产提供了前期理论依据。     

正交试验法优选三七茎叶中总黄酮的提取工艺

目的：从三七茎叶中提取总黄酮。方法：采用正交试验法研究三七茎叶总黄酮的提取工艺,考察了浸提用水的pH值、浸提温度、浸提时间、浸提次数、液料比五个因素对三七茎叶总黄酮提取率的影响。结果：确立了三七茎叶总黄酮最佳提取条件为：用pH10的稀碱水作溶剂,液料比30：1,浸提温度为80℃,回流提取2次,提取时间为每次40min。     

肺形侧耳发酵培养基优化及多糖提取工艺

通过碳源、氮源单因素实验和正交实验,对野生肺形侧耳进行发酵培养基优化。选取浸提时间、浸提温度及液料比3个因素,以胞内粗多糖提取率为指标,采用正交实验设计确定菌丝体胞内多糖提取的最佳工艺。结果表明,适宜肺形侧耳深层发酵的培养基为蔗糖1.5%,麸皮5%,蛋白胨0.6%,KH₂PO₄ 0.15%,MgSO₄ 0.75%,VB₁ 0.01%。胞内多糖提取的最佳工艺为浸提时间2h,液料比50:1,浸提温度90℃,此条件下多糖提取率为34.35%。     

若羌大枣多糖提取及分离工艺研究

目的：确定大枣多糖提取分离工艺的参数。方法：采用热水浸提法取多糖,乙醇沉淀法分离多糖。对液固比、浸提时间、浸提温度进行了单因素和L9（3^3）正交实验,并对提取过程中影响提取率的因素进行了统计分析。对多糖浸提液浓缩倍数、乙醇沉淀体积、醇沉时间对大枣多糖得率的影响进行了研究。结果：最佳提取工艺条件为：提取时间6h,料水比1：24,提取温度90℃。最佳分离工艺：浓缩倍数为8倍,4倍体积乙醇,醇沉12h,大枣多糖的得率最大。结论：实验结果为新疆次级大枣的深加工提供了可参数据。     

超声波法提取大枣多糖工艺的优化

为了进一步提高大枣多糖的提取效率,本文通过正交试验优化了超声波法提取大枣多糖的工艺条件。考察的因素包括料液比、超声功率、超声时间和浸提温度。结果显示超声波法提取大枣多糖的最佳提取工艺条件为:料液比1∶30、超声功率80W、超声时间10min,浸提温度80℃。在此工艺条件下大枣多糖的提取率达到6.97%。该工艺条件下提取率较高,因此适合于提取大枣中的多糖类化合物。     

复方明目口服液的制备工艺研究

目的：探究以枸杞子和菊花为主药，玫瑰花、麦芽、陈皮为辅药组建的复方明目口服液的最佳制备工艺。方法：以复合多糖提取率和浸膏得率为评价指标，采用单因素试验和正交试验对复方明目口服液的制备工艺进行探究。结果：单因素实验结果可得，复方明目口服液的最佳提取条件为料液比1∶14、提取温度80℃、提取时间2.5 h。正交实验方差分析表明液料比在提取工艺中为显著性因素，其次为提取温度，而提取时间对提取结果影响最小。结论：复方明目口服液的最佳制备工艺为料液比1∶14、提取温度100℃、提取时间2 h，且多糖提取率和浸膏得率分别高达15.28%±0.012%、33.89%±0.024%。     

水提醇沉法提取半枝莲粗多糖中总糖含量的最佳工艺研究

目的：探求传统水提醇沉方法下提取半枝莲粗多糖中总糖最适高效提取方案。方法：通过传统方法以水提取有效成分,以醇除杂精制的方法,改变提取时间、温度、料液比等影响因素,对所获得的半枝莲粗多糖含量进行考查,并通过统计分析方法对工艺进行优化研究。结论：应用水提醇沉法提取半枝莲粗多糖中总糖含量的最佳工艺条件为：浸提温度100℃、料液比1∶3、浸提时间1h。     

响应曲面优化喜树生物碱醇提工艺研究

对喜树果中喜树碱的最佳醇提工艺条件进行了研究。采用乙醇浸提法,考查了乙醇浓度、液料比、提取温度及提取时间对喜树碱提取率的影响,经过一系列的单因素实验,结合响应曲面实验设计法及响应曲面分析(RSM),得到喜树碱的最佳提取工艺为:乙醇浓度88.53%,液料比21.4∶1(m L/g),时间2.23 h,提取温度40℃,经验证,在此提取工艺条件下,喜树碱提取率可达0.847 mg/g。     

枇杷叶中黄酮类化合物提取工艺研究

以枇杷叶为原料,对黄酮类化合物的提取工艺进行研究,考察乙醇浓度、提取温度、提取时间、料液比对枇杷叶中黄酮类化合物提取率的影响,并采用正交实验进行优化。结果表明四种因素对枇杷叶中黄酮类化合物提取率影响的大小顺序为:乙醇浓度>提取时间>提取温度>料液比,枇杷叶中黄酮类化合物提取的最佳工艺条件为提取时间30min、提取温度80℃、乙醇浓度40%、料液比1:20(g/mL),最佳条件下黄酮类化合物提取率为6.92%。     

碎米荠及富硒产品中无机硒提取方法的建立

采用不同浓度的HCl、NaOH、KH_2PO_4、NaHCO_3、KCl、流动相及超纯水作浸提液提取富硒产品中的无机硒后,用高效液相色谱-原子荧光光谱(HPLC-AFS)联用仪测定Se(IV)和Se(VI),并对浸提时间、浸提温度、振荡频率、液料比等条件进行系统研究,建立了富硒植物碎米荠及富硒产品中无机硒的提取方法:无机硒的最佳提取剂为0.1mol/L KH_2PO_4溶液,提取方法为:称取样品0.10g于离心管中,加入0.1mol/L KH_2PO_4溶液至3mL,于70℃、1 500r/min条件下振荡提取30min,以3 000r/min转速离心10min,0.45μm滤膜过滤后上机测定,样品加标回收率为86.14%~117.60%,Se(IV)和Se(VI)均能定性定量检测,为富硒产品中无机硒测定方法标准的制定奠定了基础。     

正交试验法优化半夏多糖的提取工艺

目的:建立半夏多糖的最佳提取工艺.方法:采刚水提醇沉法,以多糖提取率为指标,通过单因素试验和正交试验,确定半夏多糖的最住提取工艺条件.结果:最佳水提条件为料液比1:30,70℃提取1h,提取3次,最佳醇沉工艺条件为醇沉浓度70%,静置时间12h.在此条件下,半夏多糖的提取率为13.68%.结论:该工艺简便,重复性好,多糖的提取率高.     

超声提取-高效液相色谱法测定甘草中甘草酸含量

确定了制备甘草酸分析样品的超声波提取条件, 0.3%稀氨水为溶剂,液固比50:1,提取时间5 h;确定了高效液相色谱法检测甘草酸含量的条件为ODS色谱柱(4.6mm×25 cm, 5 μm),检测波长254 nm,检测温度为室温,流动相CH3OH/3% HOA c(V/V)为75/25,流速1mL/m in,进样量10 μL,平均加样回收率100.20%,相对标准偏差为1.77%。结果表明超声提取-高效液相色谱法是一种准确度高,速度快的测定甘草中甘草酸含量的检测方法。     

祁白术多糖提取工艺研究

以蒽酮-硫酸比色法测多糖含量,以正交优选工艺条件进行验证提取并加样测定回收率,结果显示：水提最佳条件为料液比1∶10、水浴100℃、恒温3 h,沉淀得率为48.41%,可溶性糖含量为43.83%,可溶性糖得率为21.22%;水提后醇沉条件为药液浓缩为1.5mL药液/g生药、醇沉浓度达到90%、4℃冰箱24h,醇沉得率为31.28%。水提法料液比、水提温度影响有显著性（P〈0.05）、醇沉法醇沉浓度影响有显著性（P〈0.05）。工艺验证实验平均得率31.55%,RSD=1.57%;加样回收率平均98.00%,以优选工艺方法提取、较稳定可行。     

微波法提取枸杞叶甜菜碱工艺的研究

研究微波法提取枸杞叶中甜菜碱的最佳工艺,考察工艺参数对枸杞叶中甜菜碱提取率的影响.以甜菜碱提取率为指标,通过L9(3(4))正交实验与方差分析优选出枸杞叶中甜菜碱最佳提取工艺条件.结果表明,最佳工艺为固液比为(g:ml)1:10,20 min,微波功率200 w.枸杞叶中甜菜碱最佳提取率平均值可高达4.48%.该工艺简...     

Selective Extraction of the DM-20 Brain Proteolipid

Brain DM-20 proteolipid was previously shown to be structurally different from the myelin major proteolipid (MMPL). In an attempt to set up a large-scale purification of DM-20, we studied extraction of brain proteolipids with mixtures of methylene chloride containing up to 80% methanol. The CH2Cl2-CH3OH (3:7, vol/vol) mixture is highly selective for the extraction of bovine brain DM-20 compared to MMPL. Purified DM-20 was obtained after chromatography of the extract on methylated Sephadex.     

Modifications of substituted seryl and threonyl residues in phosphopeptides and a polysialoglycoprotein by beta-elimination and nucleophile additions

The beta-elimination and nucleophile addition reactions of the substituted serine and threonine residues were studied using several synthesized fluorescence-labeled phosphopeptides and a salmon egg polysialoglycoprotein (PSGP). The reagents used were 1 M CH3SH-0.43 M NaOH, 1 M NaBH4-0.1 M NaOH, 1 M CH3NH2-0.1 M NaOH, and 1 M Na2SO3-0.1 M NaOH. The beta-elimination reaction of a phosphoserine peptide, Gly-Ser(PO4)-Glu-AEAP, was about 20 times faster than that of the corresponding phosphothreonine peptide. The carboxyl-side amino acid of the phosphoamino acids in peptides greatly affected the beta-elimination rate. The beta-elimination reaction rates of O-glycosyl serine and threonine in the polysialoglycoprotein were similar and were about a half of that of the phosphoserine peptide. The rates of addition of the three nucleophiles and hydrogen to alpha-aminoacrylic acid (beta-elimination product of substituted serine) in the peptide decreased in the order of CH3SH, Na2SO3, CH3NH2, and H2(NaBH4), and the addition to alpha-aminocrotonic acid (beta-elimination product of substituted threonine) in the order of Na2SO3, CH3NH2, CH3SH, and H2. These results indicated that sulfite is the most recommended nucleophile because of its high addition rate. If sulfite addition is carried out in the presence of NaBH4, sugar chains can be released as alditols, converting the sugar-attaching amino acids to beta-sulfoamino acids.     

Chemical Extraction of Arsenic from Contaminated Soils in the Vicinity of Abandoned Mines and a Smelting Plant Under Subcritical Conditions

Under subcritical conditions, we studied the chemical extraction of arsenic (As) from contaminated soils that were sampled from the vicinity of abandoned mines and a smelting plant in South Korea. The total initial concentrations of As in the soil samples from the Myungbong and Cheongyang mines and the Janghang smelting plant were 298.6, 145.6, and 103.7 mg/kg, respectively. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis showed that the species of As identified in the soil was As(+V), including As₂O₅ and AsO₄ ^3? _. At 20°C, only 27.4, 26.5, and 40.1% of the total As was extracted from the Myungbong, Cheongyang, and Janghang soil samples, respectively, with 100 mM of NaOH. As the temperature was increased to 300°C, the extraction efficiencies remarkably increased. However, to achieve the complete extraction of As from the soils, 100 mM of citric acid, EDTA, or NaOH was needed at 200, 250, or 300°C. Extraction with subcritical water at 300°C resulted in incomplete extraction of As from the soils. The results of these experiments indicate that extraction mechanisms other than oxidative dissolution of As(+III) species may be responsible for the enhancement of As extraction. Our results suggest that subcritical water extraction combined with extracting reagents can effectively remediate As-contaminated soil regardless of the As species.     

稻曲病菌厚垣孢子壁黑色素提取方法研究

探究稻曲病菌（Ustiloginoidea virens（Cooke） Takahashi）厚垣孢子壁黑色素的最佳提取方法,采用以HCl为提取剂的酸提法和以NaOH为提取剂的碱提法,对该病菌黑色和黄色2种厚垣孢子壁的黑色素进行提取,用3因素3水平进行正交设计试验,结果表明以NaOH作提取剂为佳,其提取黑色素效果最佳的组合条件为3 mol/L NaOH、2 mol/L HC l、水浴温度80℃、水浴时间120 min。     

Flash Extraction,Characterization, and Immunoenhancement Activity of Polysaccharide from Hippophae rhamnoides Linn

Hippophae rhamnoides L. polysaccharide was optimized with flash extraction by response surface design. The optimum process conditions were: rotation rate 5000 r/min, extraction time 15 s, extraction temperature 90 °C and liquid-to-material ratio 38 mL/g, the extraction yield was 15.28±0.02 %. HRP-1 and HRP-2 obtained by 40 % and 60 % graded alcohol precipitation were characterized. The results indicated that HRP-1 and HRP-2 both composed of mannose, ribose, rhamnose, glucuronic acid, galacturonic acid, glucose, galactose, xylose, arabinose with different molar ratio and the molecular weights were 380.59 kDa and 288.24 kDa, respectively. In addition, the in vitro antioxidant and immunoenhancement activities of HRP-1 and HRP-2 were analyzed, and the two fractions showed good free radical scavenging activity against ⋅OH, ABTS⋅⁺, DPPH⋅, and extremely strong immunomodulatory activity against RAW264.7 cells. Indicating that flash extraction is suitable for extraction of HRP, the structural study of HRP provides a scientific theoretical basis for the development of Hippophae rhamnoides.