8种中药单体抗球形马拉色菌的体外药敏实验

目的观察8种中药单体对球形马拉色菌的体外抑菌效果。方法参照美国临床和实验室标准化研究所(CLSI)制订的M27-A方案中酵母菌微量稀释法,测定各中药单体体外抗球形马拉色菌的敏感性。结果 8种中药单体中,苦参碱、氧化苦参碱、麝香草酚、丁香酚有较强的抗马拉色菌作用(M IC<0.98～1.96μg/mL)。结论苦参碱、氧化苦参碱、麝香草酚、丁香酚有较强的抗马拉色菌作用,CLSI-M27A方案可用于抗马拉色菌敏感性测定。     

南海海军部队特发性瘙痒症患者皮肤马拉色菌定植调查

目的研究南海海军部队特发性皮肤瘙痒症患者皮肤马拉色菌的检出以及菌种的构成,探讨马拉色菌与特发性瘙痒症之间的相关性。方法对采自56例特发性瘙痒症患者与50例健康者的鳞屑标本进行真菌学镜检及采用菜子油培养基培养,根据菌落形态和生理生化特点进行菌种鉴定。结果观察组与对照组镜检阳性率分别为74．10％和72．00％,X2=0．344,P〉0．05两者比较无统计学意义。而镜检马拉色菌孢子密度Ⅲ级以上（每10个高倍视野≥50个者）,观察组与对照组分别为74．70％和38．89％,X2=20．30,P〈0．01。两者统计学比较差异有显著性意义。观察组168份标本共分离出143株马拉色菌,阳性率85．12％。其中合轴马拉色菌97株（67．83％）,球形马拉色菌26株（18．18％）,糠秕马拉色菌19株（13．29％）,钝形马拉色菌1株（0．70％）。对照组分离出马拉色菌107株,阳性率71．33％;其中糠秕马拉色菌55株（51．40％）,合轴马拉色菌33株（30．84％）,球形马拉色菌14株（13．08％）,钝形马拉色菌5株（4．67％）。菌种检出率和菌种构成差异均有显著性（X2=2．99,P〈0．01和7。X2=51.16,P〈0．01）。结论南海海军部队特发性瘙痒症患者皮肤马拉色菌载量较正常人高,其优势菌是合轴马拉色菌。     

马拉色菌相关人群及正常人群耳耵聍中马拉色菌带菌情况的调查

目的调查马拉色菌相关人群及正常人群耳耵聍中马拉色菌带菌情况。方法用结晶紫染色法对96例被调查人群耳耵聍进行马拉色菌检测,同时作培养,并以标准株作对照,用生理生化方法将耵聍中分离到的79株马拉色菌进行分类。结果马拉色菌相关人群耳耵聍中马拉色菌的直接检出率为91．84％（45／49）,培养阳性率为81．63％（40／49）,其中厚皮马拉色菌8株（16．33％）,合轴马拉色菌10株（20．41％）,糠秕马拉色菌22株（44．90％）。正常人群耳耵聍马拉色菌直接检出率为89．36％（42／47）,培养阳性率为78．72％（37／47）,其中厚皮马拉色菌5株（10．64％）,合轴马拉色菌8株（17．02％）,糠秕马拉色菌23株（48．93％）,斯洛菲马拉色菌1株（2．13％）。结论马拉色菌为正常人群及马拉色菌相关人群外耳道正常菌群,两组人群中马拉色菌的分离率和菌种分布无显著性差异。     

东南亚青年人群中马拉色菌菌种构成分析

目的：研究部分东南亚国家青年人群中马拉色菌菌种构成。方法采集285名青年人（分别来源于中国、尼泊尔、印度、巴基斯坦）面部正常皮肤及皮损区标本,接种于 Leeming ＆amp; Notman 培养基后进行培养分离,生化及形态学方法鉴定到种。结果共分离出8个菌种,共计501株马拉色菌,以球形马拉色菌为主,占40.5℅（203/501）,其次为合轴马拉色菌19.0℅（95/501）、糠秕马拉色菌16.0℅（80/501）、限制马拉色菌11.0℅（55/501）、斯洛菲马拉色菌6.2℅（31/501）等。各国家间未见明显的地理学差异。结论东南亚地区青年正常人群及马拉色菌相关疾病患者中的主要菌种为球形马拉色菌。     

复方苦参洗剂联合伊曲康唑治疗马拉色菌毛囊炎临床观察

目的 了解复方苦参洗剂联合伊曲康唑治疗马拉色菌毛囊炎的疗效.方法 将马拉色菌毛囊炎患者48例随机分为治疗组和对照组,各24例.两组均口服伊曲康唑胶囊200 mg,1次/d,疗程为2周,治疗组同时加用复方苦参洗剂外洗4周为1个疗程,2次/d.分别于开始治疗2周后及8周后观察皮疹消退情况和马拉色菌镜检结果,评价其疗效.结果 治疗2周时,治疗组总有效率75.0％,对照组总有效率41.7％,两组总有效率比较差异有统计学意义（x2=5.49,P＜0.05）,8周时,治疗组总有效率91.7％,对照组总有效率62.5％,两组有效率比较差异有统计学意义（x2=5.78,P＜0.05）.结论 复方苦参洗剂联合伊曲康唑治疗马拉色菌毛囊炎疗效显著,值得临床推广.     

正常人耵聍中马拉色菌菌种构成研究

目的研究正常人耵聍中马拉色菌菌种构成及同一宿主耵聍中菌种是否一致。方法采集45名健康志愿者双侧耵聍,0.1%曲拉通X-100溶解稀释后接种于含菜籽油培养基,生化及形态学方法鉴定到种,同时提取菌种DNA,用真菌通用引物ITS1/ITS4做PCR扩增并测序鉴定。结果有44例(97.78%)双侧耵聍中均培养出马拉色菌(共分离出88株菌),菌种构成:糠粃马拉色菌29株(32.95%)、斯洛菲马拉色菌23株(26.14%)、合轴马拉色菌18株(20.45%)、球形马拉色菌11株(12.50%)、限制性马拉色菌7株(7.95%)。44例(88株菌)中双侧耵聍菌种相同者有38例(76株菌)(一致率86.36%)。结论正常人耵聍中马拉色菌菌种分布较广,主要菌种为糠秕马拉色菌。同一宿主双侧耵聍中马拉色菌菌种具有一定的一致性。     

江西地区花斑癣患者马拉色菌菌种分析

目的了解江西地区花斑癣患者马拉色菌菌种分布情况。比较传统吐温试验和改良吐温试验。方法对141例临床典型、真菌镜检阳性的花斑癣患者,采用Leeming和Notman培养基培养皮屑。以标准菌株为对照,按形态学和生理生化特点进行分类,分析马拉色菌菌种构成情况。同时比较传统吐温试验和改良吐温试验优缺点。结果培养到95株马拉色菌,分离出5个菌种:合轴马拉色菌62株,糠秕马拉色菌17株,球形马拉色菌9株,钝形马拉色菌6株,限制马拉色菌1株。结论合轴马拉色菌占有明显优势(65.26%)。改良吐温试验易于操作、费时短,尤其适合多标本的流行病学调查研究,值得推广。     

一种新型仿生抗菌剂的功能研究

抗菌剂α-炔丙基-γ-亚甲基-γ-丁内酯是以天然抗菌物质原白头翁素为基础,利用仿生技术合成出的新型抗菌剂.通过悬液杀菌法进行最小抑菌浓度测定、悬液定量法及活体菌落计数法进行最小杀菌浓度测定等生化试验对其抗菌效果进行了检验;通过细胞壁结构的完整性实验及透射电镜观察等理化实验对其抗菌机理做初步研究,为其应用于实践提供依据.抗菌剂α-炔丙基-γ-亚甲基-γ-丁内酯对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、白色念珠菌及马拉色菌均具有良好的抑菌作用,对马拉色菌的抑菌作用尤为突出,并对其具有良好的杀菌作用.其对马拉色菌的最小抑菌浓度为0.5mg/ml,当其浓度在10mg/ml时,对马拉色菌具有瞬杀作用(作用1min对球形马拉色菌的杀灭率可达到99.99％).通过胞壁完整性实验以及电镜观察实验表明该抗菌剂的抑菌机制并不是完全破坏胞壁结构,但是对细胞壁有一定影响.     

溶磷菌和固氮菌溶解磷矿粉时的互作效应

采用4株溶磷菌（Lx81、Dm84、Jm92、Lx191）、和3株固氮菌（ChW5、ChW6、ChO6）单独和混合接种后测定培养液有效磷含量、pH值及总有机酸含量的方法,研究溶磷菌和固氮菌溶解磷矿粉时的互作效应。结果表明,相对于单独接种溶磷菌：Lx81与3株固氮菌分别混合培养能提高磷矿粉的溶解能力,4株溶磷菌与ChW6,Lx81、Dm84、Lx191与Ch06分别混合培养及Jm92＋ChW5组合溶磷量极显著增加（P〈0．01）;Dm84＋ChW5、Lxl91＋ChW5、Jm92＋Ch06组合的溶磷量下降（P〈0．01）。除Lx81＋ChW6、Lx81＋Ch06培养液pH值降低外,混合培养的其它组合培养液pH值均较单独接种溶磷菌时升高。有机酸测定结果表明,Lx81、Jm92与ChW5、Ch06分别混合培养、ChW6＋Lx81组合有机酸含量升高（P〈0．01）,其它7种组合的有机酸含量均较单独接种溶磷菌的值下降（P〈0．01）。溶磷菌和固氮菌单菌培养时溶磷量与pH值、溶磷量与总有机酸含量及pH值与总有机酸含量之间呈现线性相关;Dm84、Lx191与3株固氮菌分别混合培养溶磷量与pH值之间、Lx81与3株固氮菌分别混合培养溶磷量与总有机酸含量之间呈现线性相关,其它组合的溶磷量与pH值、总有机酸含量间没有相关性。溶磷菌和固氮菌混合培养对溶解磷矿粉既有协同作用也有拮抗作用。     

苦参、黄芩、乌梅对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠埃希菌和白假丝酵母菌抗菌活性的研究

目的观察苦参、黄芩和乌梅的体外抗菌活性。方法采用M-H琼脂连续稀释法做抗菌作用测定,测出各中药的最小抑菌浓度。结果苦参对金黄色葡萄球菌的MIC值最低（2.5mg/ml）,乌梅对大肠埃希菌的MIC值最低（1.25mg/ml）,乌梅对白假丝酵母菌的MIC值最低（2.5mg/ml）。结论苦参、黄芩和乌梅对革兰阳性球菌、革兰阴性杆菌和真菌均有较好的抑菌活性。     

A Chinese herbal decoction, Danggui Buxue Tang, activates extracellular signal-regulated kinase in cultured T-lymphocytes

Danggui Buxue Tang (DBT) is prepared from Radix Astragali and Radix Angelicae Sinensis. This Chinese herbal decoction has been shown to stimulate the proliferation of T-lymphocytes; however, the action mechanism of this stimulation has not been revealed. In cultured T-lymphocytes, application of DBT markedly induced the cell proliferation, the release of interleukin-2, -6 and -10, as well as the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK). The pre-treatment of ERK inhibitor blocked the DBT-induced immune responses. In addition, the polysaccharide-enriched fraction of DBT showed marked responses on the cultured T-lymphocytes suggesting the important role of DBT polysaccharide in triggering such immune responses.     

Danggui Buxue Tang,a Chinese herbal decoction containing Astragali Radix and Angelicae Sinensis Radix,improves mitochrondial bioenergetics in osteoblast

Osteoporosis is the process of bone loss, particular after menopause, when the production of estrogen in women is decreaing. Bioenergetic function is one of the critical roles in bone remodeling. Danggui Buxue Tang (DBT) is an herbal mixture containing Astragali Radix (AR) and Angelicae Sinensis Radix (ASR), and which is consumed for “Qi-invigorating”, i.e., stimulating energy metabolism, as a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). However, the role of DBT in metabolism of osteoblast has not been examined. Here, we employed a metabolic flux to examine the mitochondrial functions of cultured osteoblast in the presence of herbal extracts, including DBT, ASR, AR, AR + ASR (single mixing of two herbal extracts), as well as DBT_∆cal (a DBT extract depeleting calycosin), to examine their roles in osteoblastic metabolism, e.g. glycolysis and energy kinetics. By revealing the rates of oxygen consumption and extracellular acidification of mitochrondia, the DBT-treated osteoblasts were markedly strengthened with increases of maximal respiration, spare capacity, glycolysis capacity and glycolysis reserve, in comparing to other herbal extracts. In addition, the bioenergetic metabolism was modulated by DBT via the signaling of cellular Ca²⁺ and reactive oxgen species (ROS). Furthermore, DBT affected the morphology of mitochondria, as well as mitochondrial dynamic. Here, we propose that DBT can be regarded as benefit herbal extract in improving osteoblastic metabolism for bone disorders via central energy metabolism and mitochondrial bioenergetics.     

正交试验法研究侧柏叶总黄酮的提取工艺

采用正交实验考察了侧柏叶总黄酮提取过程中各因素对其含量的影响。确定最佳工艺条件为:65%(V/V)乙醇提取2次、提取时间1.5 h、每次料液比1∶15,总黄酮含量为1.70%。     

Influences of traditional Chinese medicine on non-specific immunity of Jian Carp (Cyprinus carpio var. Jian)

The influence of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formulation from Astragalus Root (Radix astragalin seu Hedysari) and Chinese Angelica Root (R. Angelicae Sinensis) at a ratio of 5:1 (w/w) on non-specific immunity of Jian carp, Cyprinus carpio var. Jian was investigated. The number of NBT-positive cells in the blood and lysozyme and complement activities in the serum of Carp fed with commercial feed supplemented with 1.0% (diet 1) and 1.5% (diet 2) TCM at 10 day of post-feeding were not different from those of the control group fed with feed unsupplemented TCM 10 days post-feeding (P>0.05), but at 20 and 30 days they increased significantly (P<0.05). The values of diet 1 group and diet 2 group at 20 day and at 30 day were not significantly different (P>0.05) from each other. In addition, the TCM formula increased body weight of experimental fish by about 16.84% (diet 1) and 19% (diet 2) above that of the control group. Therefore, these data suggest that the TCM formula could elevate the function of non-specific immunity of Jian carp. The optimal dosage added to commercial carp feed was 1.0% (w/w) and the oral administration time as a course of treatment was 20 days.     

Chemical and biological assessment of Angelica herbal decoction: Comparison of different preparations during historical applications

The commonly used Angelica herbal decoction today is Danggui Buxue Tang (DBT), which is a dietary supplement in treating menopausal irregularity in women, i.e. to nourish "Qi" and to enrich "Blood". According to historical record, many herbal decoctions were also named DBT, but the most popular formulation of DBT was written in Jin dynasty (1247 AD) of China, which contained Astragali Radix (AR) and Angelicae Sinensis Radix (ASR) with a weight ratio of 5:1. However, at least two other Angelica herbal decoctions recorded as DBT were prescribed in Song (1155 AD) and Qing dynasties (1687 AD). Although AR and ASR are still the major components in the DBT herbal decoctions, they are slightly varied in the herb composition. In order to reveal the efficiency of different Angelica herbal decoctions, the chemical and biological properties of three DBT herbal extracts were compared. Significantly, the highest amounts of AR-derived astragaloside III, astragaloside IV, calycosin and formononetin and ASR-derived ferulic acid were found in DBT described in 1247 AD: this preparation showed stronger activities in osteogenic, estrogenic and erythropoetic effects than the other two DBT. The current results supported the difference of three DBT in chemical and biological properties, which could be a result of different herbal combinations. For the first time, this study supports the popularity of DBT described in 1247 AD.     

基于分子对接技术筛选中草药中潜在的H1N1病毒神经氨酸酶抑制剂

甲型H1N1流感病毒是一种高度接触性急性呼吸道传染病,给人类健康造成了极大威胁。作为一个已经被证明的抗流感药物靶点,神经氨酸酶在流感病毒复制和传播中发挥重要作用,并且其活性中心的氨基酸组成高度保守。本研究中,我们使用分子对接技术筛选从中草药小分子数据库中筛选神经氨酸酶潜在的抑制剂,结果得到4个亲和力高于奥司他韦(Osel-tamivir)的化合物,并确定了他们的中草药来源。为从草药中提取,设计以及实验合成新的神经氨酸酶抑制剂提供了一定的依据和指导。     

蝉蜕活性成分的提取及其抑菌活性的研究

本文报道了对传统中药蝉蜕抑菌活性成分提取与抑菌活性研究结果。对4种提取方法和7种提取溶剂的提取效果进行了平行比较研究,研究结果显示,以体积分数95%乙醇作为提取溶剂,4种提取方法中,以超声波法提取时的浸膏得率最高。采用超声波提取法时,在7种提取溶剂中,以95%乙醇提取浸膏的得率最高。抑菌试验结果表明,不同方法获得提取物与对照组相比对Escheridia coli均有明显的抑菌作用(P≤0.05),但不同提取方法得到的提取物之间,并无显著的抑菌活性差异。其中采用超声波提取法,以95%乙醇为提取溶剂时,所得提取物的抑菌活性最高,对E.coli的最小抑菌浓度为0.078 mg/mL。该研究结果是蝉蜕抑菌成分的首次报道。     

D-半乳糖致衰老模型大鼠肝肾功能和自由基代谢与中药的干预作用

目的观察D-半乳糖致衰老模型大鼠血糖血脂、肝肾功能和自由基代谢的变化,探讨中药的干预作用及其抗衰老的机制。方法大鼠每日皮下注射D-半乳糖,连续造模7周,建立大鼠衰老模型,造模同时,用抗衰老片和首乌延寿片进行干预,测定试验大鼠的血糖血脂、肝肾功能和SOD、MDA、Na＋-K＋-ATPase和Ca＋＋-Mg＋＋-ATPase等自由基代谢指标。结果造模7周后,模型对照组衰老大鼠TG、BUN明显升高（P〈0.05,P〈0.01）,AST、ALP、CREA呈上升趋势（P〉0.05）,肝、肾组织SOD活性明显降低（P〈0.05）,肾组织MDA含量明显升高（P〈0.05）,肝组织Na＋-K＋-ATPase和Ca＋＋-Mg＋＋-ATPase活性均显著降低（P〈0.05,P〈0.01）;给予抗衰老片和首乌延寿片后,衰老大鼠TG、AST、BUN、CREA和UA均显著降低（P〈0.05,P〈0.01）,肝、肾组织MDA含量显著降低（P〈0.05）,SOD活性显著升高（P〈0.05,P〈0.01）,肝组织Na＋-K＋-ATPase和Ca＋＋-Mg＋＋-ATPase活性均显著升高（P〈0.01）。结论D-半乳糖致衰老大鼠模型的血脂上升、肝肾功能异常和抗脂质过氧化的能力下降;给予抗衰老片和首乌延寿片后,可有效改善衰老大鼠的糖脂代谢和肝肾功能,提高肝肾组织的抗脂质过氧化的能力,提示中药的抗衰老作用可能与其抗氧化作用有关。