哺乳动物跨损伤DNA聚合酶Polκ研究进展

跨损伤DNA合成(translesion DNA synthesis,TLS)是细胞应答DNA损伤时的一种耐受机制,它利用特异的低保真度的DNA聚合酶直接在损伤的对面合成DNA,使复制得以延续.TLS分为无错旁路和易错旁路两种途径,其中易错旁路途径是DNA损伤诱发基因组突变的主要机制.另外TLS也与肿瘤细胞耐药性相关.在体内执行TLS功能的DNA聚合酶主要是DNA聚合酶Y家族的成员,其中包括聚合酶kappa(Polκ).就TLS的特性,哺乳动物Polκ的结构及催化活性、表达及调控、蛋白质相互作用及其在TLS中可能的调控机制和体内功能等方面做一阐述.     

细菌DNA损伤修复的诱导、调控及结局的研究进展

DNA损伤修复(SOS反应)是细菌适应环境、抵抗外界压力和修复自身损伤的重要机制.为了解SOS反应的过程,全面揭示细菌生存机制,本研究对DNA损伤修复的过程、调节及适应性变化进行文献综述.结果 表明,内源和外源的诸多压力都可以激活SOS反应,抗生素是激活该反应的主要因素.RecA在感知外界压力和系统启动过程中发挥重要作...     

植物RNA聚合酶Ⅳ调控DNA甲基化和发育的研究进展

DNA甲基化是一类稳定可遗传的表观遗传修饰,在调控基因表达、沉默转座子和维持基因组稳定性等方面发挥重要作用。植物中,DNA从头甲基化通过RNA指导的DNA甲基化(RNA-directedDNAmethylation,RdDM)途径建立。植物特有的DNA依赖的RNA聚合酶Ⅳ(DNA-dependent RNA polymerase Ⅳ, Pol Ⅳ)是RdDM途径核心蛋白,转录产生非编码RNA,通过RdDM途径引导从头建立DNA甲基化,进而调控植物基因表达和生长发育。Pol Ⅳ行使功能受多个蛋白调控：组蛋白阅读器SHH1 (SAWADEE homeodomain homolog 1)识别H3K9甲基化引导Pol Ⅳ到基因组特定位点;染色质重塑因子CLSY (CLASSY)蛋白家族协助Pol Ⅳ识别靶位点;RNA依赖的RNA聚合酶2 (RNA-dependent RNA polymerase 2, RDR2)将Pol Ⅳ转录产生的单链RNA转换成双链RNA。本文总结了Pol Ⅳ及其调控蛋白调控植物DNA甲基化和发育的研究进展,以期为DNA甲基化研究和农作物育种提供参考。     

胁迫诱导抗性基因转移导致细菌耐药的分子机制研究进展

抗性基因转移是细菌形成耐药性的重要原因.近年来的研究表明胁迫因子可通过多种机制诱导抗性基因转移.DNA损伤可导致细菌产生SOS应激反应,进而诱导接合DNA介导的抗性基因转移.在一些缺乏SOS系统的细菌中,抗生素胁迫可诱导细菌建立自然转化感受态.此外,作者最近的研究表明普通胁迫应答因子RpoS调控一种由双链质粒DNA介导的固体基质表面的抗性基因转移方式.本文在总结SOS依赖和非依赖型胁迫因子诱导细菌接合和转化介导的DNA转移以及RpoS调控固体基质表面双链质粒DNA转移的基础上,提出今后需重点研究胁迫因子如何激活关键调控蛋白以及这些调控蛋白如何影响DNA转移相关基因表达等关键问题.解决上述问题将为寻找合适的分子靶标用于防控抗性基因转移导致的细菌耐药奠定基础.     

DNA聚合酶Polι的研究进展

Y家族DNA聚合酶是一种跨损伤复制酶,即能以损伤的DNA为模板进行复制。Y家族DNA聚合酶广泛分布生物界,人类细胞中Y家族DNA聚合酶至少包括Rev1、Polκ、Polι、Polη四种,Polι在以DNA为模板进行复制时错配率很高而不同于其他跨损伤DNA聚合酶,Polι是目前发现的所有DNA聚合酶中保真性最低的DNA聚合酶。很高的错配率导致很高的突变率,最后基因的突变导致癌症的发生,因此Polι在各个国家被广泛的研究,并且对Polι的各个不同的特性进行了研究,取得了一系列成果,现对Polι的研究进展予以综述,并展望了未来的研究趋势。     

DNA聚合酶Polι的研究进展

Y家族DNA聚合酶是一种跨损伤复制酶,即能以损伤的DNA为模板进行复制。Y家族DNA聚合酶广泛分布生物界,人类细胞中Y家族DNA聚合酶至少包括Rev1、Polκ、Polι、Polη四种,Polι在以DNA为模板进行复制时错配率很高而不同于其他跨损伤DNA聚合酶,Polι是目前发现的所有DNA聚合酶中保真性最低的DNA聚合酶。很高的错配率导致很高的突变率,最后基因的突变导致癌症的发生,因此Polι在各个国家被广泛的研究,并且对Polι的各个不同的特性进行了研究,取得了一系列成果,现对Polι的研究进展予以综述,并展望了未来的研究趋势。     

DNA聚合酶θ：易错的多功能DNA末端修复分子

DNA聚合酶θ (DNA polymerase theta,Polθ)是一种广泛存在于动植物中的DNA修复酶。它在选择性末端连接（alternative end-joining,Alt-EJ）途径中发挥着关键作用,常参与DNA双链断裂（DNA double-strand breaks,DSB）损伤修复。在正常生理状态下,Polθ主要调控基因组稳定性。然而,在恶性肿瘤发生时,Polθ表现出异常高表达水平,并参与调控肿瘤细胞的恶性转变过程。研究表明,抑制Polθ活性可导致同源重组（homologous recombination,HR）缺陷的肿瘤细胞发生合成致死（synthetic lethality,SL）。因此,已经开发出多种针对Polθ的小分子抑制剂,可与其他化疗药物联合使用以抑制恶性肿瘤的发展。此外,敲除或抑制Polθ活性还能增加HR修复效率,从而提高外源基因靶向整合效果。本文综述了Polθ及其介导的Alt-EJ修复机制在生物学功能方面的最新研究进展,为靶向Polθ在肿瘤治疗和基因编辑方面的应用提供理论基础。     

人源DNA聚合酶δ研究进展

在真核生物染色体DNA复制过程中主要涉及三种DNA聚合酶:α(Polα),δ(Polδ)和ε(Polε)。人源DNA聚合酶δ是p125,p68,p50,p12四个亚基构成的异源四聚体,属于DNA聚合酶B家族,具有5’-3’聚合酶催化活性和3’-5’核酸外切酶活性,是染色体DNA复制过程中最主要的复制酶,同时还参与多种形式的损伤修复,在保证基因组结构的完整性和遗传稳定性方面具有重要的意义。由于其重要的生物学功能,目前引起人们更多的关注和重视。对人源DNA聚合酶δ的分离纯化方法及涉及DNA复制和损伤修复过程中酶学功能等方面的最新研究进展进行综述。     

调控DNA损伤修复基因的微小RNA

随着对DNA损伤修复基因研究的深入,其信号转导路径及调控网络也进一步明了,调控DNA损伤修复基因的微小RNA(miRNA)也越来越多地被认识和发现。简要综述了DNA损伤途径中调控主要的损伤修复基因的miRNA,有助于深入阐明DNA损伤修复机制,为开发抗辐射药物和临床上DNA损伤修复异常相关肿瘤的基因治疗提供新的靶点。     

线粒体DNA复制及其调控

从线粒体DNA复制的模型与机制、复制的调控、复制忠实性及其损伤修复3个方面对近年来的研究文献进行了总结.在复制的模型与机制方面,对传统的D环复制的细节有了更深入的了解,新的实验方法的结果显示,在哺乳动物中还存在着链结合单向复制和链结合双向复制2种模型.在线粒体DNA复制的调控方面,近年来研究较多的调控因子主要包括mtDNA聚合酶γ、线粒体单链结合蛋白(mtSSB)、引物酶、解旋酶、连接酶、拓扑异构酶、转录因子mtTFA等,介绍了这些因子的最新研究进展及调控机制;对mtDNA复制时期和拷贝数量调控机制的研究也有突破,确定了Abf2p是mtDNA复制时期与拷贝数目的调控因子.在mtDNA复制的忠实性及其损伤修复研究方面,主要涉及到DNA Polγ的校正功能、错配修复、重组修复、DNA切除修复等,在mtDNA损伤修复中仅存在碱基切除修复机制,缺少核苷酸切除修复机制.     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Synthesis and antimicrobial studies of hydrazone derivatives of 4-[3-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-4-formyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]benzoic acid and 4-[3-(3,4-difluorophenyl)-4-formyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]benzoic acid

Microbial resistance to antibiotics is an unresolved global concern, which needs urgent and coordinated action. One of the guidelines of the Centers for Disease Control and Preventions (CDC) to combat antibiotic resistance is the development of new antibiotics to treat drug-resistant bacteria. In our effort to find new antibiotics, we report the synthesis and antimicrobial studies of 30 new pyrazole derivatives. These novel molecules have been synthesized by using readily available starting materials and benign reaction conditions. Some of these molecules have shown activity with MIC values as low as 0.78?µg/mL against four bacterial strains; Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant S. aureus, Bacillus subtilis, and Acinetobacter baumannii. Furthermore, active molecules are non-toxic to mammalian cell line.

     

Novel compounds with potent CDK9 inhibitory activity for the treatment of myeloma

Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) and Polo-like kinases (PLKs) play key role in the regulation of the cell cycle. The aim of our study was originally the further development of our recently discovered polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) inhibitors. A series of new 2,4-disubstituted pyrimidine derivatives were synthesized around the original hit, but their PLK1 inhibitory activity was very poor. However the novel compounds showed nanomolar CDK9 inhibitory activity and very good antiproliferative effect on multiple myeloma cell lines (RPMI-8226).