聚苹果酸的发酵培养条件优化

对出芽短梗霉(Aureobasidium pullulans)BS02发酵制备生物降解材料聚苹果酸的摇瓶发酵条件进行研究,确定了出芽短梗霉发酵制备聚苹果酸的摇瓶培养条件。由实验结果可知:优化的培养基(g/L)为葡萄糖120.0、丁二酸铵3.0、丁二酸2.0、MnSO4.H2O 0.005、MgSO4.7H2O 0.1,另外每升发酵液加玉米浆0.5 mL,CaCO350 g/L,培养条件为pH4.0～4.5、24℃、500 mL摇瓶装发酵液100 mL、摇床转速220 r/min,在最优条件下,聚苹果酸产量可达到30 g/L。     

药用真菌桑黄液体深层发酵条件的优化

以菌丝体生物量和多糖产量为主要指标,对桑黄(鲍氏层孔菌)的深层发酵条件进行了优化,通过单因素试验和四因素三水平正交试验筛选出了桑黄液体发酵的培养基,结果表明,最适培养基为:葡萄糖5g/L,玉米粉40g/L,豆饼粉20g/L,KH2PO41.5g/L,MgSO41g/L。进一步通过培养条件的优化,得到最适菌丝体生长的液体发酵条件为:培养温度28℃,摇床转速140r/min,pH值自然,接种量10%,装液量100mL(250mL三角瓶),发酵周期132h。     

桑木层孔菌液体培养条件的研究

对桑木层孔菌(Phellinus mori)液体发酵条件进行了研究,以生物量和胞外多糖为指标,通过L16(45)和L9(34)正交表进行了两次正交试验,筛选出桑木层孔菌最适液体培养条件为:麦芽糖30 g/L,酵母浸粉和蛋白胨15 g/L(质量比2 1),KH2PO4和CaCl25.5 g/L(质量比1 1),初始pH6.0;通过单因素试验筛选出最适装液量为120 mL/250 mL,最适接种量为10%。在此条件下液体发酵培养7 d后,桑木层孔菌生物量达到23.375 g/L,胞外多糖产量达到3.993 g/L。     

海洋中海藻糖产生菌的筛选及发酵条件优化

从180余份海水、海泥样品中筛选得到60株产海藻糖较高的菌株,编号为2-14的菌株海藻糖产量最高,为127.9mg/g cell。对2-14菌株进行形态特征、培养特征及生理生化试验,鉴定该菌株为红酵母属(Rhodotorula sp.)。研究摇瓶发酵条件对红酵母海藻糖产量的影响,结果为:初始pH5.5,发酵温度28℃,装液量75mL(250mL三角瓶中)。采用优化后发酵条件红酵母海藻糖产量为193.3mg/g cell,优化前对照值为132.1mg/g cell,优化后的结果是优化前的1.46倍。在5L发酵罐中培养得到最佳发酵时间为54h,发酵罐培养发酵液中海藻糖含量最高达2.5g/L,为摇瓶培养的1.6倍。     

微生物多糖WL-26深层发酵工艺的优化

产碱杆菌Alcaligenes sp.JL-1能分泌一种高分子多糖WL-26.以生物量、发酵产量和黏度为主要指标,对其深层发酵培养基进行了筛选,并在此基础上对发酵条件进行优化.培养条件确定为:40g/L蔗糖,4g/L复合氮源(20%硝酸钠和80%的牛肉膏),2g/L KH2PO4,0.1g/L MgSO4,0.5mL/L FeSO4.初始pH为7.2～7.4,5%的接种量、装液量为50mL/250mL三角瓶、转速为200r/min、30℃恒温培养58h,WL-26产量从9.326g/L提高到21.767g/L.     

重组大肠杆菌Bgl2238的发酵优化

本研究对前期实验室从黑龙江玉米土壤中筛选并构建的β-葡萄糖苷酶Bgl2238的重组大肠杆菌(E.coliBL21(DE3)-pET32a-bgl2238)采用响应面(Box-Behnken)优化的方法进行摇瓶发酵,优化培养基组分,而培养条件即温度、pH值、接种量及装液量则采用单因素法优化。结果显示最佳培养基配比为:甘油9.32g/L、酵母提取粉12g/L、胰蛋白胨19.13g/L、NaCl8g/L、K_2HPO_4·3H_2O 19.13g/L、KH_2PO_42g/L、柠檬酸高铁胺0.2g/L和微量元素母液6mL/L。重组大肠杆菌Bgl2238最佳的发酵条件为:发酵温度37℃、起始pH8.0、3%接种量、25mL装液量、IPTG终浓度为0.25mmol/L。在250mL锥形瓶对重组子Bgl2238进行发酵,在最优化的发酵培养基成分和培养条件下,Bgl2238的酶活力可以达到2910U/L,比起始培养基中的酶活提高了61.77%。     

珍稀药用真菌——樟芝深层发酵培养条件的优化

对樟芝深层发酵培养基进行了筛选,并在此基础上对发酵条件进行了优化。以樟芝深层发酵菌丝体三萜产量为主要目标产物,确定发酵培养条件为:40g/L葡萄糖,6g/L豆饼粉,1g/L K_2HPO_4,0．5g/L MgSO4,VB_1 100mg/L,自然pH,接种量为20%,装液量为100mL/250mL三角瓶,转速100r/min,26℃恒温培养6d,胞内三萜产量达15．25mg/100mL发酵液。     

暹罗芽胞杆菌FJAT-45551用于农业生物防治的优化培养

以具有防病促长且抑菌谱广的暹罗芽胞杆菌(Bacillus siamensis)FJAT-45551为出发菌株,分别以生物量和发酵液的青枯雷尔氏菌和尖孢镰刀菌抑菌活性为指标,通过单因子和正交试验对其培养基成分和发酵培养条件进行优化,从而提高其抑菌活性。结果表明,优化后的培养基配方为:麸皮20 g/L,蛋白胨25 g/L,MgSO_4·H_2O 0. 2 g/L,CaCl_20. 1 g/L,FeSO_4·7H_2O 0. 1 g/L,NaH_2PO_4·H_2O 0. 5 g/L,K_2HPO_40. 5 g/L;最适发酵培养条件为:接种量1%、摇床转速130 r/min、温度20℃、装液量50 mL(250 mL的摇瓶装液50 mL)、初始pH值为6. 0。在优化的发酵条件下,FJAT-45551发酵液对番茄青枯病菌(Ralstorinia solanacearum)FJAT-91的抑菌圈直径达30. 82 mm,较优化前的抑菌圈直径增加了9. 09 mm,抑菌活性提高了41. 83%。     

塔拉单宁水解酶产生条件的研究

微生物通过发酵产酶可以将植物单宁降解成小分子酚类化合物或其衍生物,但培养条件对其产酶影响很大。论文采用固态培养法,对黑曲霉产生塔拉单宁水解酶的条件进行了研究。结果表明,当培养液中塔拉单宁浓度为75 g/L、葡萄糖浓度为3 g/L、(NH4)2SO4浓度为0.2 g/L2、50 mL锥形瓶装液量为25 mL、惰性载体用量为5.6%(w/v)、起始pH为5.5、接种量为12%(v/v)、30℃培养72 h时,该黑曲霉产生的塔拉单宁水解酶活力可达到44.29 U/mL,是其自然条件下酶活力(24.09 U/mL)的1.84倍;没食子酸产率达到79.3%。研究结果对于揭示塔拉单宁生物降解的机理具有一定的参考价值。     

酿酒酵母by1.1b产D-(-)-扁桃酸脱氢酶的发酵条件优化

对一株产D-(-)-扁桃酸对映选择性脱氢酶的酿酒酵母菌(Saccharomyces cerevisiae sp. strain by1.1b)发酵产酶条件进行了优化。研究各种碳源、氮源及无机盐对产酶的影响, 应用正交试验优化发酵培养基组成, 结果为: 蛋白胨 60 g/L, 麦芽糖 30 g/L, MgSO4 0.5 g/L, ZnSO4 0.01 g/L, KCl 1.0 g/L。优化后酶产量提高了7.9倍(由2.56 U/mL增至20.21 U/mL)。摇瓶培养最佳条件为: 装液量40 %, 发酵pH 6.5, 接种量10 %, 发酵温度30 ℃。考察了细胞生长及产酶的时间进程, 最佳培养时间为25 h。     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Entwicklungsgeschichte und Ultrastruktur von Pollenkitt und Exine bei nahe verwandten entomophilen und anemophilen Angiospermensippen derAlismataceae,Liliaceae, Juncaceae,Cyperaceae, Poaceae undAraceae

Some closely related members of the monocotyledonous familiesAlismataceae, Liliaceae, Juncaceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae andAraceae with variable modes of pollination (insect- and wind-pollination) were studied in relation to the ultrastructure of pollenkitt and exine (amount, consistency and distribution of pollenkitt on the surface of pollen grains). The character syndromes of pollen cementing in entomophilous, anemophilous and intermediate (ambophilous or amphiphilous) monocotyledons are the same in principal as in dicotyledons. Comparing present with former results one can summarize: 1) The pollenkitt is always produced in the same manner by the anther tapetum in all angiosperm sub-classes. 2) The variable stickiness of entomophilous and anemophilous pollen always depends on the particular distribution and consistency of the pollenkitt, but not its amount on the pollen surface. 3) The mostly dry and powdery pollen of anemophilous plants always contains a variable amount of inactive pollenkitt in its exine cavities. 4) A step-by step change of the pollen cementing syndrome can be observed from entomophily towards anemophily. 5) From the omnipresence of pollenkitt in all wind-pollinated angiosperms studied one can conclude that the ancestors of anemophilous angiosperms probably have been zoophilous (i.e. entomophilous) throughout.

     

Identification and Characterization of the First Equine Parainfluenza Virus 5

正Dear Editor,Parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5), known as canine parainfluenza virus in the veterinary field, is a negative-sense,nonsegmented, single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the Paramyxoviridae family (Chen 2018). The virus was first reported in primary monkey kidney cells in 1954 (Hsiung1972), then it has been frequently discovered in various     

Pathogenic Characterization and Full Length Genome Sequence of a Reassortant Infectious Bursal Disease Virus Newly Isolated in Pakistan

<正>Dear Editor,Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is one of the most important diseases of the poultry. The IBD virus (IBDV), a nonenveloped virus belonging to the Birnaviridae family with a genome consisting of two segments of double-stranded RNA (segments A and B), targets B lymphocytes of bursa of Fabricious leading to immunosuppression. In Pakistan,poultry farming is the second biggest industry and IBD is the second biggest disease threating the poultry sector.However, there is limited genome information of IBDV