采用噬菌体展示技术筛选肠致病性大肠埃希菌EspB蛋白结合短肽的实验研究

目的探讨是否能够通过噬菌体展示技术筛选与肠致病性大肠埃希菌(EPEC)关键蛋白EspB结合的短肽。方法采用体外大肠埃希菌中表达和纯化EspB蛋白情况,Western blot验证蛋白的表达;Ph.D.12-蛋氨酸噬菌体展示技术用来筛选EspB特异结合蛋白;ELISA方法用来鉴定这些特异性结合蛋白与EspB的亲和力。结果 Western blot验证从pET21b-EspB转染质粒中提取的EspB蛋白。噬菌体展示技术筛选出了噬菌体6、7、8、12候选蛋白,ELISA检测结果显示这些候选蛋白与EspB蛋白的亲和力高于对照蛋白。结论我们的数据提供了一种潜在的研究策略即通过靶向结合EspB蛋白可抑制EPEC对上皮细胞的粘附。     

杆状病毒Ac60基因的原核表达与亚细胞定位研究

用PCR方法从AcMNPV基因组中扩增到ORF60基因,插入原核表达载体pET-28a(+),构建pETAc60质粒,再将该质粒转化大肠埃希菌BL21,在IPTG诱导下表达了分子量约为16 ku的融合蛋白.用纯化的表达产物免疫新西兰大白兔制备了多克隆抗体,应用该抗体检测了AcMNPV感染的昆虫宿主细胞(Si9)中ORF60基因的表达,结果显示:在感染后的细胞中有2条分子量分别约为33 ku和17 ku蛋白质带能与所制备的抗体发生特异性反应.间接免疫荧光分析发现:在病毒感染的晚期,Ac60蛋白同时存在于所感染宿主的细胞核和细胞质中.     

HIV-1 C亚型密码子优化gp120基因重组腺病毒载体的构建及表达

目的构建含有HIV-1C亚型gp120基因重组腺病毒载体,并在293细胞中表达gp120蛋白。方法PCR扩增,获得HIV-1C亚型gp120片段,定向克隆人腺病毒转移载体pTrack-CMV,线性化后转化至含有腺病毒骨架载体pAd-easy-1的大肠埃希菌BJ5183,获得重组子prAd—gp120,PacI酶切纯化后转染293细胞,包装成复制缺陷型重组腺病毒vAd—gp120。结果经PCR、酶切及DNA测序,插入片段大小、方向正确,获得了具有感染力的vAd—gp120重组腺病毒;通过Western印迹检测,重组腺病毒在293细胞中表达出分子量为120kD的蛋白。结论成功构建了含有HIV-1C亚型gp120基因重组腺病毒载体,并获得该基因的表达。     

家蝇幼虫抗菌肽Attacin基因的克隆表达及抑菌生物学活性

目的克隆家蝇幼虫Attacin抗菌肽基因．构建原核融合表达载体,建立Attacin体内抗菌活性检测系统,优化表达和纯化Attacin目的蛋白,并初步研究其抗菌生物学功能。方法以pUC m-T／Attacin重组质粒为模板,设计特异性引物,PCR扩增Attacin编码区序列,分别克隆至原核表达载体pET30a（＋）和pGEX-4T-1。构建原核重组质粒,转化大肠埃希菌,表达重组Attacin蛋白,并在大肠埃希菌中体内检测Attacin的抗菌活性。利用亲和层析柱纯化重组融合蛋白Attacin,SDS-PAGE进行纯度分析,琼脂糖平板抑菌试验鉴定其生物活性。结果pET30a（a＋）／Attacin和pGEX-4T—1／Attacin重组质粒分别转化大肠埃希菌后,以IPTG诱导表达,与未诱导对照相比,含有重组质粒的宿主菌生长受到抑制。从pET30a（＋）／Attacin重组质粒的表达宿主菌中未能获得His-Attacin融合蛋白,而从pGEX-4T—1／Attacin重组质粒转化菌种获得GST-Attacin融合蛋白。SDS-PAGE分析表明Attacin重组蛋白分子量与预期结果一致,琼脂糖平板抑菌试验显示重组Attacin具有抗菌活性。结论Attacin基因在原核系统中成功表达,并且纯化后具有抑菌活性,为下一步研究Attacin的生物学功能及其应用开发奠定了基础。     

Vgb在大肠埃希菌中表达及生物活性的研究

目的将vgb克隆到大肠埃希菌表达载体pQE-30中,研究vgb表达产物对细胞摄氧能力的影响。方法利用PCR和基因重组技术克隆vgb与大肠埃希菌表达质粒pQE V,大肠埃希菌转化采用CaCl2法,VHb活性分析采用CO示差光谱法。结果克隆了vgb和重组质粒pQE V,vgb基因在大肠埃希菌中获得表达,在A420 nm处达到典型吸收峰。结论 vgb在大肠埃希菌中表达产物加强了对氧的摄取能力,对解决细胞高密度发酵培养中氧需矛盾、促进代谢产物的产率具有非常重要的应用价值。     

高赖氨酸蛋白基因在大肠埃希菌中的表达

从四棱豆中克隆高赖氨酸蛋白基因wblys,通过PCR扩增wblys片段,转入原核表达载体pGEX-4T-1,构建pGEX-4T-1/wblys大肠埃希菌工程菌,表达重组蛋白,IPTG诱导后,发现细菌全蛋白在44 ku(含GST标签)处多出1条明显条带。HPLC检测赖氨酸含量。诱导后菌体总赖氨酸含量比正常菌体提高15.84 mg/g。在大肠埃希菌中高效表达植物源高赖氨酸蛋白基因,为该基因在益生菌中表达提供研究工作基础。     

噬菌体ΦEc-SL25对大肠埃希菌临床分离株裂解作用的研究

目的分离鉴定大肠埃希菌噬菌体并分析其裂解特性,为噬菌体疗法应用于大肠埃希菌感染提供实验依据。方法采用双层琼脂噬斑法从污水中分离噬菌体,通过透射电镜观察噬菌体的形态学特征,利用限制性酶切图谱初步分析噬菌体的基因组,测定噬菌体对宿主菌的最佳感染复数和一步生长曲线,分析噬菌体对宿主菌的裂解谱,观察噬菌体在不同的pH及温度下对宿主菌的裂解特性,SDS-PAGE分析噬菌体的主要和次要蛋白。结果通过噬斑法从污水中分离出1株能裂解大肠埃希菌的噬菌体,命名为ΦEc-SL25;电镜显示,噬菌体ΦEc-SL25的形态特征符合有尾病毒目、管尾病毒科噬菌体;ΦEc-SL25的最佳感染复数为0.01;一步生长曲线表明,噬菌体ΦEc-SL25的潜伏期为5 min,爆发期为10 min;ΦEc-SL25对26株大肠埃希菌的裂解率可达30.8%;在温度70℃20min时以及在pH 4~10的范围内,噬菌体ΦEc-SL25仍保持其裂解活性;蛋白电泳可观察到2条主要蛋白带和至少3条次要蛋白。结论噬菌体ΦEc-SL25是一种潜伏期短、裂解较性强的毒性噬菌体,可用于开发针对大肠埃希菌感染的生物制剂。     

CTX-M-14型超广谱β-内酰胺酶的序列分析与原核表达

目的对大肠埃希菌所产CTX-M-14型超广谱β-内酰胺酶（ESBLs）进行基因克隆和重组表达,探讨其特性。方法以产CTX-M-14型超广谱β-内酰胺酶大肠埃希菌12号菌总基因组DNA为模板,PCR扩增CTX-M-14,将其克隆入pUCm-T Vector载体后测定该核苷酸序列;再将基因编码区克隆到原核表达载体pET-28α,构建含CTX-M-14基因的重组表达质粒,转化到大肠埃希菌BL21中进行IPTG诱导表达。SDS-PAGE电泳鉴定表达的酶蛋白后再过Ni-NTA柱纯化。结果PCR扩增出大小为876bp的基因片段,与GenBank上同类酶的基因序列同源性为100％。大肠埃希菌BL21转化pET-28a／CTX-M-14重组质粒后,ESBLs试验为阳性。此基因能在大肠埃希菌中大量表达,SDS-PAGE电泳显示蛋白分子质量大约为30KD。结论成功表达重组的CTX-M-14型酶,为进一步做酶动力学及酶的其他分子生物学特性研究奠定基础。     

宫颈癌相关BLCAP基因的原核表达及条件优化

目的利用大肠埃希菌表达系统表达宫颈癌相关BLCAP基因,并优化表达条件。方法利用PCR技术从逆转录病毒重组载体pL（BLCAP）SN中扩增宫颈癌相关BLCAP基因,将其插入到原核表达载体pET-32（a）中,从而构建原核表达重组质粒pET-32（a）-BLCAP,随后将阳性重组质粒转化到表达宿主菌中,通过IPTG诱导表达并优化表达条件,所表达的带有His标签目的融合蛋白经Ni^2＋亲和层析纯化回收,并采用SDS—PAGE和Western印迹对目的蛋白进行分析和鉴定。结果构建的重组表达质粒经PCR、酶切和DNA测序鉴定与预期的结果一致,含有重组质粒的表达宿主菌经过IPTG诱导表达了分子量约为28ku的融合蛋白,并经优化确定了最佳的诱导表达条件。结论成功构建了pET-32（a）-BLCAP原核表达质粒,表达并经纯化得到了BLCAP目的蛋白,为研究该蛋白的性质及其制备针对该蛋白的抗体奠定了基础。     

新型多价大肠埃希菌噬菌体285P生物学特性研究

筛选多价大肠埃希菌噬菌体,确定其宽噬宿主谱、形态大小及核酸类型等基本特征,为应用于环境微生物消毒奠定基础。应用双层琼脂平板法确定多价噬菌体的宿主谱;透视电镜观察形态结构;提取核酸,并利用分光光度法和核酸酶(DNase、RNase A及S1)酶切的方法对核酸进行鉴定;SDS-PAGE电泳分析噬菌体膜蛋白。大肠埃希菌BL21、DH5α、JM109为噬菌体285P的宽噬宿主;电镜下呈微球型,边缘光滑,短尾,颗粒直径约81 nm;分光光度法及核酸酶切法均证实核酸为双链DNA;膜蛋白略小于43 ku。噬菌体285P对多株大肠埃希菌具有宽噬作用,对环境中微生物的控制具有潜在的应用价值。     

Peptidoglycan lytic activity of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa phage phiKZ gp144 lytic transglycosylase

The gp144 endolysin gene from the Pseudomonas aeruginosa phage phiKZ was cloned and studies of gp144 expression into Escherichia coli showed host cell lysis. The gp144 protein was purified directly from the culture supernatant and from the bacterial cell pellet and showed in vitro antibacterial lytic activity against P. aeruginosa bacteria and degraded purified peptidoglycan of Gram-negative bacteria. MS analysis identified the gp144 peptidoglycan cleavage site and confirmed a lytic transglycosylase enzyme. Studies of gp144 expression in the presence of sodium azide (NaN(3)), an inhibitor of the protein export machinery, and into an E. coli MM52 secA(ts) mutant at permissive and restrictive temperatures showed that gp144 was secreted independently of the Sec system. The solution conformation of purified gp144 analyzed by circular dichroism spectroscopy was 61% in alpha-helical content, and showed a 72% decrease when interacting with dimyristoylphosphatidylglycerol (DMPG), one of the major components of bacterial membranes and less than 10% with dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) found in eukaryotic membranes. Membrane vesicles of DMPG anionic lipids containing calcein indicated that gp144 caused a rapid release of fluorescent calcein when interacting with synthetic membranes. These results indicated that gp144 from phiKZ is a lytic transglycosylase capable of interacting with and disorganizing bacterial membranes and has potential as an antipseudomonal in phage therapy.     

Expression and functional characterization of the first bacteriophage-encoded chaperonin

Chaperonins promote protein folding in vivo and are ubiquitously found in bacteria, archaea, and eukaryotes. The first viral chaperonin GroEL ortholog, gene product 146 (gp146), whose gene was earlier identified in the genome of bacteriophage EL, has been shown to be synthesized during phage propagation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa cells. The recombinant gp146 has been expressed in Escherichia coli and characterized by different physicochemical methods for the first time. Using serum against the recombinant protein, gp146's native substrate, the phage endolysin gp188, has been immunoprecipitated from the lysate of EL-infected bacteria and identified by mass spectrometry. In vitro experiments have shown that gp146 has a protective effect against endolysin thermal inactivation and aggregation, providing evidence of its chaperonin function. The phage chaperonin has been found to have the architecture and some properties similar to those of GroEL but not to require cochaperonin for its functional activity.     

Endolysin of bacteriophage BFK20: evidence of a catalytic and a cell wall binding domain

A gene product of ORF24' was identified on the genome of corynephage BFK20 as a putative phage endolysin. The protein of endolysin BFK20 (gp24') has a modular structure consisting of an N-terminal amidase_2 domain (gp24CD) and a C-terminal cell wall binding domain (gp24BD). The C-terminal domain is unrelated to any of the known cell wall binding domains of phage endolysins. The whole endolysin gene and the sequences of its N-terminal and C-terminal domains were cloned; proteins were expressed in Escherichia coli and purified to homogeneity. The lytic activities of endolysin and its catalytic domain were demonstrated on corynebacteria and bacillus substrates. The binding activity of cell wall binding domain alone and in fusion with green fluorescent protein (gp24BD-GFP) were shown by specific binding assays to the cell surface of BFK20 host Brevibacterium flavum CCM 251 as well as those of other corynebacteria.     

Functional analysis of antibacterial activity of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens phage endolysin against Gram-negative bacteria.

To analyze the antibacterial activity of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens phage endolysin, nine deletion derivatives of the endolysin were constructed. Each deletion mutant was overexpressed, purified and characterized. The catalytic domain was located on the N-terminal region and the C-terminus had an affinity with the bacterial envelope. The enzymatic activity remained in spite of the deletion of the C-terminal 116-amino acid region; however, the antibacterial activity was lost. These results indicate that antibacterial action requires both the C-terminal cell-binding and the N-terminal enzymatic activities.     

重组毕赤酵母产青蛤Mytimacin抗菌肽的表达研究

Mytimacin是主要在无脊椎动物中表达的Macin抗菌肽家族中的一员,具有较强的抗病原微生物活性,是利用重组DNA技术开发天然抗菌剂的良好候选者。通过RT-PCR从青蛤(Cyclina sinensis)闭壳肌中克隆编码Mytimacin成熟肽的基因,经3次PCR在该基因的5’端添加Xho I限制性酶切位点和信号肽酶识别位点、3’端添加Xba I限制性酶切位点和6×His,获得目的基因"CsMm";以pPICZαA为表达载体、毕赤酵母(Pichia pastoris)X-33为工程菌,构建重组毕赤酵母X-33/pPICZαA-CsMm。通过高浓度博来霉素筛选高拷贝酵母转化子,在28℃、250 r/min条件下,使用1.5%的甲醇诱导表达72 h;使用固化金属离子亲和层析(IMAC)对表达产物进行纯化,并通过MALDI-TOF-TOF质谱分析对纯化产物进行鉴定。另外,通过涂布法和浊度法考察重组CsMm的抑菌活性。结果表明:基于X-33/pPICZαA-CsMm重组毕赤酵母的外源表达获得了表达量为25.6 mg/L的重组蛋白,经MALDI-TOF-TOF质谱鉴定其为分子量约7.8 kD的预期重组CsMm。抑菌试验证明重组CsMm对金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus)、枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)、大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)和副溶血性弧菌(Vibrio Parahemolyticus)具有明显的抑菌活性。构建的重组毕赤酵母X-33/pPICZαA-CsMm能有效合成具有生物学活性的重组青蛤Mytimacin,旨为贝类来源天然小分子抗菌剂的开发提供可资参考的技术途径。     

Multiple-site mutations of phage Bp7 endolysin improves its activities against target bacteria

The widespread use of antibiotics has caused serious drug resistance. Bacteria that were once easily treatable are now extremely difficult to treat. Endolysin can be used as an alternative to antibiotics for the treatment of drug-resistant bacteria. To analyze the antibacterial activity of the endolysin of phage Bp7(Bp7e), a 489-bp DNA fragment of endolysin Bp7e was PCR-amplified from a phage Bp7 genome and cloned, and then a p ET28a-Bp7e prokaryotic expression vector was constructed. Two amino acids were mutated(L99A, M102E) to construct p ET28a-Bp7Δe, with p ET28a-Bp7e as a template. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that BP7e belongs to a T4-like phage endolysin group. Bp7e and its mutant Bp7Δe were expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) as soluble proteins. They were purified by affinity chromatography, and then their antibacterial activities were analyzed. The results demonstrated that the recombinant proteins Bp7e and Bp7Δe showed obvious antibacterial activity against Micrococcus lysodeikticus but no activity against Staphylococcus aureus. In the presence of malic acid, Bp7e and Bp7Δe exhibited an effect on most E. coli strains which could be lysed by phage Bp7, but no effect on Salmonella paratyphi or Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Moreover, Bp7Δe with double-site mutations showed stronger antibacterial activity and a broader lysis range than Bp7e.     

Muc17 protects intestinal epithelial cells from enteroinvasive E. coli infection by promoting epithelial barrier integrity

The membrane-bound mucin MUC17 (mouse homolog Muc3) is highly expressed on the apical surface of intestinal epithelia and is thought to play a role in epithelial restitution and protection. Therefore, we hypothesized that MUC17 has a role in protection of the intestinal mucosa against luminal pathogens. Human intestinal cell lines were transfected by electroporation (Caco-2 and HT 29/19A) and by retroviral expression vector (LS174T, a cell line with high levels of MUC17 expression) using MUC17 siRNA. Transepithelial electrical resistance, permeability, tight-junction protein expression, adhesion, and invasion in response to enteroinvasive Escherichia coli (EIEC) were measured in all cell lines. In some experiments, the effect of the addition of exogenous purified crude mucin or recombinant Muc3 cysteine-rich domain protein (Muc3 CRD1-L-CRD2) as preventative or protective treatment was tested. Reduction of endogenous MUC17 is associated with increased permeability, inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase 2 induction, and enhanced bacterial invasion in response to EIEC exposure. Bacterial adhesion is not affected. Exogenous mucin (Muc3) and recombinant Muc3CRD treatment had a small but significant effect in attenuating the effects of EIEC infection. In conclusion, these data suggest that both native and exogenous MUC17 play a role in attachment and invasion of EIEC in colonic cell lines and in maintaining epithelial barrier function.     

KL2型鲍曼不动杆菌噬菌体解聚酶克隆及抗菌活性分析

【背景】噬菌体解聚酶是噬菌体在裂解细菌过程中产生的一种抗菌蛋白,关于鲍曼不动杆菌荚膜分型及常见型别噬菌体解聚酶的研究报道较少。【目的】以KL2型鲍曼不动杆菌为研究对象,从噬菌体IME-AB2中克隆解聚酶,在大肠杆菌中进行可溶性表达并研究其体外抗菌活性。【方法】应用二代测序及生物信息学方法鉴定鲍曼不动杆菌荚膜型,分析IME-AB2全基因组。应用分子克隆技术克隆ORF76假定的尾丝蛋白(Putative Tail Fiber)基因,构建重组表达载体pEASY-Blunt-E1-gp76,在大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中诱导表达,通过Ni-NTA亲和层析纯化解聚酶,研究解聚酶体外抗菌活性。【结果】构建了pEASY-Blunt-E1-gp76解聚酶重组表达质粒,该重组质粒在大肠杆菌中得到可溶性表达;体外活性分析显示,该重组蛋白在体外能够对所有的KL2型鲍曼不动杆菌具有较好的抗菌活性,解聚酶联合人和狗的血清具有很好的杀菌活性。【结论】鉴定解聚酶并提高其抗菌谱具有重要意义,也是噬菌体及解聚酶用于治疗耐药菌研究领域急需解决的重要问题之一。     

Identification and characterization of an endolysin encoded by the<Emphasis Type="Italic">Streptomyces aureofaciens</Emphasis> phage μ1/6

An open reading frame homologous to the genes encoding several cell-wall hydrolyzing enzymes was identified on the genome of actinophage mu 1/6. This open reading frame encoding the putative endolysin was amplified by polymerase chain reaction and cloned into the expression vector pET-21a. This gene consisted of 1182 bp encoding a 393 amino acid polypeptide with a molar mass of 42.1 kDa. The gene product was overexpressed in Escherichia coli, and then the lytic enzyme was purified by a two-step chromatographic procedure. When applied exogenously, the endolysin of phage mu 1/6 was active against all tested Streptomyces strains but did not affect other bacteria. The amino acid sequence showed a high homology with a putative amidase of the Streptomyces phase phi C31. Downstream of the endolysin gene, an open reading frame encoding an 88 amino acid protein was identified. Structural analysis of its sequence revealed features characteristics for holin.     

Analysis of capsid portal protein and terminase functional domains: interaction sites required for DNA packaging in bacteriophage T4.

Bacteriophage DNA packaging results from an ATP-driven translocation of concatemeric DNA into the prohead by the phage terminase complexed with the portal vertex dodecamer of the prohead. Functional domains of the bacteriophage T4 terminase and portal gene 20 product (gp20) were determined by mutant analysis and sequence localization within the structural genes. Interaction regions of the portal vertex and large terminase subunit (gp17) were determined by genetic (terminase-portal intergenic suppressor mutations), biochemical (column retention of gp17 and inhibition of in vitro DNA packaging by gp20 peptides), and immunological (co-immunoprecipitation of polymerized gp20 peptide and gp17) studies. The specificity of the interaction was tested by means of a phage T4 HOC (highly antigenicoutercapsid protein) display system in which wild-type, cs20, and scrambled portal peptide sequences were displayed on the HOC protein of phage T4. Binding affinities of these recombinant phages as determined by the retention of these phages by a His-tag immobilized gp17 column, and by co-immunoprecipitation with purified terminase supported the specific nature of the portal protein and terminase interaction sites. In further support of specificity, a gp20 peptide corresponding to a portion of the identified site inhibited packaging whereas the scrambled sequence peptide did not block DNA packaging in vitro.The portal interaction site is localized to 28 residues in the central portion of the linear sequence of gp20 (524 residues). As judged by two pairs of intergenic portal-terminase suppressor mutations, two separate regions of the terminase large subunit gp17 (central and COOH-terminal) interact through hydrophobic contacts at the portal site. Although the terminase apparently interacts with this gp20 portal peptide, polyclonal antibody against the portal peptide appears unable to access it in the native structure, suggesting intimate association of gp20 and gp17 possibly internalizes terminase regions within the portal in the packasome complex. Both similarities and differences are seen in comparison to analogous sites which have been identified in phages T3 and lambda.