几种添加物对D—核糖产量的影响

研究了几种物质对D－核糖产量的影响,研究表明,当发酵培养基中玉米浆的含量为25g/L,D－核糖产量达到最高,为65g/L。发酵培养基中添加适量的粉及山梨醇亦有利于D－核糖的积累,当粉与山梨醇的添加量分别为10g/L及40g/L时,D－核糖产率分别增加7.8%、4.7%,而在发酵培养基中加入丙二酸可抑制D－核的分泌,在40ml发酵培养基中添加1ml丙二酸后,D－核糖的产率下降73.8％。甲醇也可抑制D－核糖的积累,当发酵培养基中的甲醇添加量为16g/L时,D－核糖产率下降66.2%。     

玉米浆对转酮酶缺陷型短小芽孢杆菌菌株成链的影响

在研究D 核糖发酵过程中发现 ,培养基中玉米浆的含量直接影响着菌体的形态及D 核糖产量。在不同培养基中加入不同浓度的玉米浆 ,镜检菌株的生长情况 ,并测定发酵培养基中D 核糖的产量。研究表明 ,转酮酶缺陷是突变株在菌体生长过程中出现链状的内因 ,而玉米浆中所含的芳香族氨基酸是转酮酶缺陷型突变株在生长过程中出现链状的外因。     

影响克拉维酸生物合成的氨基酸

发酵液的氨基酸分析显示,谷氨酸,精氨酸,天门冬氨酸,丙氨酸易被棒状链霉菌利用,发酵培养基中添加上述氨基酸后,谷氨酸,精氨酸有利于克拉维酸的生物合成,适时添加谷氨酸,精氨酸可分别提高克拉维酸的产量约25%和12%;而蛋氨酸,半胱氨酸含S氨基酸对克拉维酸生物合成不利,不同来源的黄豆粉作发酵培养基氮源,因其组成中某些氨基酸含量的差异。可使克拉维酸的产量相差百分之十几。     

S-腺苷甲硫氨酸合成酶对埃博霉素生物合成的影响

【目的】研究S-腺苷甲硫氨酸合成酶(SAMs)对埃博霉素生物合成的影响。【方法】通过向发酵培养基中添加抑制剂和促进剂,比较分析纤维堆囊菌中SAMs的活性变化以及埃博霉素的产量变化。【结果】在埃博霉素的合成期,SAMs的活性较高。加入抑制剂吲哚乙酸(IAA)之后,SAMs的活性和埃博霉素的产量都不同程度的降低,而加入促进剂对甲苯磺酸钠(p-TSA-Na)之后,SAMs的活性和埃博霉素的产量在不同程度上都有提高。在纤维堆囊菌的次级代谢中,SAMs活性与埃博霉素的生物合成量呈正相关。【结论】S-腺苷甲硫氨酸合成酶在纤维堆囊菌的埃博霉素生物合成过程中发挥了重要的作用。     

氮源对聚γ-谷氨酸合成与分泌的影响

研究了无机与有机氮源对聚γ-谷氨酸合成与分泌的影响。分别在基础培养基及进入生物合成期的发酵液中添加氯化铵、硝酸钠和各种氨基酸,基础培养基中添加氯化铵质量浓度为1 g.L-1时,合成量提高了22.7%,同时,氯化铵对聚γ-谷氨酸组分也有一定影响。在培养至24 h添加8 g.L-1硝酸钠,合成量提高54.6%,而在基础培养基中分泌率提高了32.7%。在生物合成期添加8 g.L-1谷氨酸,合成量提高了64.2%。同时在静息细胞培养基中进行了验证实验。     

金属离子和氨基酸对Eupenicillium sp.E-UN41生物合成咪唑立宾的影响

为考察金属离子和氨基酸对Eupenicillium sp.E-UN41菌体生长及其产生的次级代谢产物咪唑立宾(MZ)的生物合成影响,在培养基中添加了无机盐和氨基酸.结果表明在发酵培养基中添加适量的镁、钠、锰、钾、钙等金属离子可提高咪唑立宾产量5％～15％,添加1.0％L-组氨酸,MZ产量提高94％.添加适宜的L-天门冬氨酸和L-甘氨酸对产MZ亦有促进作用,而L-精氨酸明显抑制Eupenicillium sp.E-UN41生物合成MZ.本研究为咪唑立宾发酵的产业化奠定了基础.     

核糖醇发酵工艺研究

目的:研究球头三型孢菌Trichosporonoides oedocephalis ATCC 16958发酵生产核糖醇的工艺.方法:采用摇瓶发酵优化的方式,探索培养基组份及三羧酸循环抑制剂对该菌生长及发酵生产核糖醇的影响,并在7L发酵罐中对优化的条件进行发酵验证.结果:对于核糖醇生产,葡萄糖和酵母膏分别是最佳的碳源和氮源,当葡萄糖浓度为20%时,核糖醇产量为38.60g/L.以1%酵母膏为氮源时,核糖醇浓度为37.82g/L.发酵24h添加0.2%的柠檬酸,核糖醇产量提高30.35%.采用摇瓶培养的优化条件,在7L发酵罐中发酵120h核糖醇产量为38.66g/L.结论:实验获得的优化条件可进一步用于指导生产.     

pH值对D-核糖发酵的影响及补料发酵的研究

研究了不同 pH值对D 核糖产量的影响。发酵初期pH自然下降时有利于菌体生长 ,菌体生长对数期较长 ,菌体质量浓度最高可达 15 .3g/L ;发酵中后期 pH值控制在 7.0时有利于D 核糖的持续合成 ,同时对D -核糖的流加补料发酵进行了初步研究 ,最终使菌体质量浓度最高达到 2 0 .1g/L ,D 核糖产量达到了 6 2 .5g/L。     

D-核糖发酵过程中底物抑制及补料的研究

研究了初始葡萄糖浓度对D -核糖发酵的影响 ,证实了较高的葡萄糖浓度对D -核糖发酵的抑制作用 ,并确定了较为适宜的初始葡萄糖浓度为 1 0 0g·L-1 或 1 5 0g·L-1 。前者条件下D -核糖的转化率和生产强度均达最大 ,分别为 32 8g·kg-1 和0 .6 8g·L-1 ·h-1 ;后者条件下D -核糖的产量达最大值 39.4 8g·L-1 。针对底物抑制现象 ,研究了补料工艺对D -核糖发酵的影响 ,确定发酵 2 4h后补加 5 0g·L-1 的葡萄糖为较优的补料工艺 ,在此工艺条件下最终D -核糖产量相对于对照组提高了 4 8.3%。     

外源激素对何首乌毛状根生长及蒽醌类成分生物合成的影响

研究了外源激素对液体培养何首乌毛状根生长及其蒽醌类化合物生物合成的影响。结果表明外源激素2,4-D、NAA和6-BA对何首乌毛状根的生长及蒽醌生物合成有较大的影响。在MS培养基中添加2,4-D对何首乌毛状根的生长和蒽醌类化合物的生物合成有很强的抑制作用,而添加适量浓度NAA和6-BA则可促进何首乌毛状根的生长以及蒽醌类物质的生物合成。     

Pentose metabolism in Mycobacterium smegmatis: specificity of induction of pentose isomerases.

The induction of D-xylose, D-ribose, L-arabinose, and D-lyxose isomerases by various sugars was studied to determine the configuration necessary for induction. D-Xylose isomerase was only induced by D-xylose, whereas D-ribose isomerase was induced by D-ribose, L-rhamnose, and L-lyxose. L-arabinose isomerase was induced by L-arabinose, D-galactose, L-arabitol, D-fucose, and dulcitol, whereas D-lyxose isomerase was induced by D-lyxose, D-mannose, D-ribose, dulcitol, and myoinositol. Some compounds such as dulcitol, D-galactose, and D- or L-fucose which do not support growth are still able to serve as inducers for various pentose isomerases.     

紫外诱变原生质体选育D-核糖生产菌株

以D-核糖产生菌枯草芽孢杆(Bacillus subtilis)B941为出发菌株,采用紫外诱变原生质体的方法,获得了4株可以在含有6．0％D-核糖的培养基上生长的D-核糖高产菌株,其摇瓶发酵产糖达55．0g／L左右。通过摇瓶发酵试验,研究了D-核糖高产菌株Buvp-24的遗传稳定性。研究结果表明,经多次传代,菌株Buvp-24的发酵产糖能力及对发酵产物D-核糖的耐受性没有改变,有望应用于工业生产中。     

Inability of Lactobacillus plantarum and other lactic acid bacteria to grow on D-ribose as sole source of fermentable carbohydrate

Lactobacillusplantarum NCIMB 8026, NCIMB 8026(s), NCIMB 8014, NCFB 1752, Lact. brevis NCIMB 4617, Leuconostoc mesenteroides NCIMB 8023, Streptococcus agalactiae NCFB 1348, Pediococcus acidilactici NCFB 1859 and Ped. pentosaceus NCFB 990 did not grow on D-ribose as the sole source of fermentable carbohydrate in a chemically defined medium but grew on D-ribose in the presence of glucose. Lactobacillus plantarum NCIMB 8026(s) also grew on D-xylose and L-arabinose in the presence but not in the absence of glucose. Enterococcus faecalis NCFB 581 grew with D-ribose as the sole fermentable carbohydrate. Leuconostoc mesenteroides NCIMB 8710 and Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis NCFB 763 did not use ribose in the presence or absence of glucose. Lactobacillus plantarum NCIMB 8026(s) utilized ribose and glucose simultaneously in the proportion of approximately 1 ribose to 1 glucose, producing approximately 3 lactate to 1 acetate and similar yields of dry biomass from glucose and ribose. Growth of Lact. plantarum 8026(s) with glucose and excess D-ribose ceased when D-glucose was exhausted, but metabolism of D-ribose to lactic and acetic acids continued. The enzyme system for the metabolism of D-ribose in Lact. plantarum was inducible, requiring D-glucose and amino acids for adaptation.     

The entry of D-ribose into some yeasts of the genus Pichia.

The utilization of D-ribose by yeasts of the genus Pichia was examined with respect to aerobic growth, respiration and entry of ribose into the cells. Pichia etchellsii (CBS2011) could respire D-ribose, but not use it for aerobic growth. Pichia fermentans (CBS187) neither respired nor grew on D-ribose, though it entered the cells of this yeast either by simple diffusion, or possibly, by the D-glucose carrier, this having a very low affinity for D-ribose. Pichia pinus (CBS5097) respired and grew on D-ribose; kinetic evidence is given for this yeast having two ribose carriers, one inducible and the other constitutive.     

紫外诱变耐糖选育D-核糖高产菌株

以D-核糖产生菌枯草芽胞杆菌B2502为出发菌株,经紫外诱变、耐糖选育,得到1株可在D-核糖浓度达6%的肉汤液体培养基中生长的菌株B2502-2。其D-核糖产量提高37%,菌体生长达到对数期的时间缩短3 h,耐糖性比出发菌株提高了50%。     

N-phenylglycolhydroxamate production by the action of transketolase on nitrosobenzene.

The incubation of nitrosobenzene with yeast transketolase and D-xylulose 5-phosphate resulted in the production of N-phenylglycolhydroxamic acid. The addition of D-ribose 5-phosphate decreased the amount of hydroxamic acid that was produced. This conversion of nitrosobenzene into the glycollic acid-derived hydroxamic acid was shown to be an enzymic process, and a chemical mechanism for the conversion was proposed.     

Chiral histidine selection by D-ribose RNA

The invariant choice of L-amino acids and D-ribose RNA for biological translation requires explanation. Here we study this chiral choice using mixed, equimolar D-ribose RNAs having 15, 18, 21, 27, 35, and 45 contiguous randomized nucleotides. These are used for simultaneous affinity selection of the smallest bound and eluted RNAs using equal amounts of L- and D-His immobilized on an achiral glass support, with racemic histidine elution. The experiment as a whole therefore determines whether RNA containing D-ribose binds L-histidine or D-histidine more easily (that is, by using a site that is more abundant/requires fewer nucleotides). The most prevalent/smallest RNA sites are reproducibly and repeatedly selected and there is a four- to sixfold greater abundance of L-histidine sites. RNA's chiral D-ribose therefore yields a more frequent fit to L-histidine. Accordingly, a D-ribose RNA site for L-His is smaller by the equivalent of just over one conserved nucleotide. The most prevalent L-His site also performs better than the most frequent D-His site-but rarer D-ribose RNAs can bind D-His with excellent affinity and discrimination. The prevalent L-His site is one we have selected before under very different conditions. Thus, selection is again reproducible, as is the recurrence of cognate coding triplets in these most probable L-His sites. If our selected RNA population were equilibrated with racemic His, we calculate that L-His would participate in seven of eight His:RNA complexes, or more. Thus, if D-ribose RNA were first chosen biologically, translational L-His usage could have followed.