活性干酵母SOD摇瓶发酵条件的研究

研究了营养与环境条件对耐高温酒精活性干酵母（ＴＨ－ＡＡＤＹ）ＳＯＤ摇瓶发酵的影响。实验结果表明,初糖浓度,金属离子、ＰＨ值、通气量（装液量）和培养时间等均对ＡＡＤＹ摇瓶发酵的生物量和ＳＯＤ含量有较大的影响。在实步优化的发酵条件下,细胞生物量为３９．６ｇ／Ｌ,菌体ＳＯＤ含量为１９４８Ｕ／ｇ,发酵液产酶能力为７．７万Ｕ／Ｌ。     

L－赖氨酸快速发酵新菌种及工艺研究

以我室选育的赖氨酸生产菌Ｓ－２１－２４为出发菌株,经硫酸二乙酯（ＤＥＳ）和紫外线（Ｕ．Ｖ．）的复合处理,选育到一株代谢速率高,发酵周期短的新菌株ＦＴＳ－１。对该菌的发酵条件作了研究,选择了最佳培养条件,该菌在５Ｌ发酵罐中发酵４８小时产酸８０ｇ／Ｌ以上,７２小时产酸可达１１０ｇ／Ｌ。     

L－赖氨酸快速发酵新菌种及工艺研究

以我室选育的赖氨酸生产菌Ｓ－２１－２４为出发菌株,经硫酸二乙酯（ＤＥＳ）和紫外线（Ｕ．Ｖ．）的复合处理,选育到一株代谢速率高,发酵周期短的新菌株ＦＴＳ－１。对该菌的发酵条件作了研究,选择了最佳培养条件,该菌在５Ｌ发酵罐中发酵４８小时产酸８０ｇ／Ｌ以上,７２小时产酸可达１１０ｇ／Ｌ。     

高密度发酵生产突变型重组人肿瘤坏死因子rhTNFα-DK2的研究

通过对发酵基质和发酵关键参数的优化,确定了发酵培养基的磷酸盐浓度为０．１５Ｍ,甘油浓度为１．２ｍｌ／Ｌ,补料中甘油浓度为２０ｍｌ／Ｌ,发酵过程中溶解氧控制在３０％～６０％,ｐＨ控制在６．８５左右。在５Ｌ在ＮＢＳ－Ｂｉｏｆｌｏ３０００型自动控制发酵罐中采取加速补料的补料分批培养,重组大肠杆菌ＹＫ５３７／ｐＳＢ－ＴＫ经１０ｈ３０°Ｃ培养和５ｈ４２°Ｃ诱导培养,最终密度达到６０ＯＤ６００,ｒｈＴＮＦα－ＤＫ２的表达量占菌体总蛋白的５０％以上,每升发酵液纯化可得到近２ｇ的ｒｈＴＮＦα－ＤＫ２。     

花生四烯酸高产突变株的选育及其发酵调控

以拉曼被孢霉（Ｍｏｒｔｉｅｒｅｌｌａ ｒａｍａｎｎｉａｎａ）ＳＭ５４１为原始菌株,经过紫外线复合氯化锂诱变处理,得到突变株ＳＭ５４１－９,其生物量上１２．６ｇ／Ｌ提高到２８．８ｇ／Ｌ,油脂含量由５．８ｇ／Ｌ提高到１５．７ｇ／Ｌ。花生四烯酸含量由３２１ｍｇ／Ｌ增加到６２３ｍｇ／Ｌ。传代实验表明,ＳＭ５４１－９具有良好的遗传稳定性,以葡萄糖为碳源,硝酸钾为氮源的最适培养条件下,１０Ｌ罐发酵,生物量和花     

枯草芽孢杆菌C1—B941的D—核糖发酵中间试验

使用转酮醇酶变异株－枯草芽孢杆菌Ｃ１－Ｂ９４１进行了Ｄ－核糖发酵中间试验。３０００Ｌ发酵罐试验结果表明,发酵培养基中的葡萄糖浓度为１８％时,发酵周期约为６４ｈ,发酵转化率达３６．８４％,发酵液经离子交换树脂纯化后,可以直接用于生产ＶＢ２合成的中间体－Ｎ－Ｄ－核糖醇基－３,４－二甲苯胺。     

真养产碱杆菌突变株65—7产羟基丁酸与羟基戊酸共聚物的研究

研究了真养产碱杆菌突变株６５－７,以葡萄糖为主原料,添加丙酸或戊酸,采用二步发酵积累共聚物聚β－羟基丁酸－β－羟基戊酸（ＰＨＢＶ）。摇瓶总发酵时间为５０ｈ,细胞干重达７－１１ｇ／Ｌ,共聚物含量占细胞干重的７０％以上,其中β－羟基戊酸（３ＨＶ０含量占ＰＨＢＶ的１０－７２％,主要取决于不同碳源的组成,丙酸和戊酸对ＨＶ的转化率分别为０．４１－０．６３ｇＨＶ／ｇ丙酸和０．４０－０．７４ｇＨＶ／ｇ戊酸,制得     

雅致枝霉TE7—15发酵生产γ—亚麻酸的实验研究

研究了温度、时间、碳源和氮源对雅致枝霉诱变株ＴＥ７－１５的菌体生长、油脂积累ＧＬＡ合成的影响,确定了ＴＥ７－１５菌株适宜的摇瓶发酵培养条件,使其菌体生物量达到１９．０４ｇ／Ｌ,ＧＬＡ产量达到１０７９．９５ｍｇ／Ｌ,可以满足工业化生产的要求。     

温度适应范围大的谷氨酸生产菌GMH—908选育,发酵及应用效果

以谷氨酸生产菌天津短杆菌（Ｂｒｅｖｉｂａｃｔｅｒｉｕｍｔｉｅｎｔｓｉｎｅｎｓ）Ｔ６－１３为出发菌株,经菌体或原生质体紫外线（ＵＶ）、氯化锂、香豆素等多因子诱变和高温驯化,选育出琥珀酸、生物素营养缺陷型,耐高糖、耐高谷氨酸又不利用谷氨酸,且温度适应范围大（既可在常温３２－３８℃发酵,又可在高温３６－４２℃发酵）的突变株ＧＭＨ－９０８。以淀粉糖为碳源,生物素亚适量,摇瓶常温发酵产酸９５ｇ／Ｌ以上,高温发酵产酸７４．９ｇ／Ｌ,比出发菌株Ｔ６－１３分别提高２６．６７％和２２．９９％;工业生产常温发酵月平均产酸８５－８８ｇ／Ｌ,转化率５２－５４ｇ％,单罐最高产酸１０８ｇ／Ｌ,转化率５８％;高温发酵产酸达７６．５ｇ／Ｌ,转化率４９．５％。     

硬粒小麦单倍体原生质体培养及植株再生

由硬粒小麦（Ｔｒｉｔｉｃｕｍ ｄｕｒｕｍ Ｄｅｓｆ．）×玉米（Ｚｅａ ｍａｙｓＬ．）建立的单倍性胚性愈伤组织,在继代培养４ 个月后置于含２．０ ｍ ｇ／Ｌ２,４－Ｄ、３％ 蔗糖、２００ ｍ ｇ／Ｌ水解酪蛋白、１４６ ｍ ｇ／Ｌ谷氨酰胺和３００ ｍ ｇ／Ｌ天冬氨酸的ＭＳ液体培养基中进行悬浮培养,４ 个月后形成了生长迅速、由大小不同（０．５ ～５ ｍ ｍ ）的愈伤组织块组成的愈伤组织悬浮系。酶解试验表明,２．０％ 纤维素酶ＲＳ和０．５％ 的离析酶效果最好,而液体悬浮培养物和固体培养的愈伤组织（在酶解时用锋利的解剖刀片切成１ ｍ ｍ 左右的小块）都能释放出大量原生质体,但悬浮培养物释放出的原生质体状态较好,胞质更浓厚,用ＫＭ８ｐ 培养基以琼脂糖包埋培养方式培养时分裂频率可达５％ 左右。由原生质体再生的小愈伤组织经增殖、筛选后可获得胚性愈伤组织,将其转移至分化培养基Ⅰ（０．２ ｍ ｇ／Ｌ ２,４－Ｄ、１．０ ｍ ｇ／Ｌ ＢＡＰ、０．１ ｍ ｇ／ＬＮＡＡ、３％ 蔗糖、２００ ｍ ｇ／Ｌ 水解酪蛋白、１４６ ｍ ｇ／Ｌ谷氨酰胺和３００ ｍ ｇ／Ｌ天冬氨酸的ＭＳ固体培养基）和Ⅱ（不含２,４－Ｄ,其它成分同Ⅰ）上进行分步分化培养可再生出完整植株,分化频率约为２０％     

产HSA—CP融合蛋白毕赤酵母的发酵条件优化

为提高重组毕赤酵母生产人血清白蛋白-C肽融合蛋白（HSA—CP）的产量和生产强度,在摇瓶条件下考察了甲醇诱导时间和浓度对目的蛋白产量的影响。结果表明,质量浓度10g/L的甲醇诱导72h最适于产物表达。通过对7L发酵罐中各因素的优化,得到最佳条件为：初始甘油质量浓度10g/L,30℃培养,菌体生长期和诱导期的pH及溶氧分别控制在pH5．0、30％溶解O2或pH6．0、15％的溶解O2。10g/L的甲醇诱导72h,最终使干细胞质量浓度达到56．43g/L,目的蛋白产量达368．45mg／L。生产强度为3．920mg/（L·h）,目标蛋白的比生产速率为5．12mg/（L·h）。     

Carotenoids production in different culture conditions by Sporidiobolus pararoseus

Carotenoids produced by Sporidiobolus pararoseus were studied. It was found that biomass was connected with carbon source, temperature, and pH, but carotenoids proportion was seriously influenced by dissolved oxygen and nitrogen source. Different carotenoids could be obtained by using selected optimum conditions. In the end we established the strategies to produce β-carotene or torulene. Fed-batch fermentation in fermentor was used to prove the authenticity of our conclusions. The cell biomass, β-carotene content, and β-carotene proportion could reach 56.32?g/L, 18.92?mg/L and 60.43%, respectively, by using corn steep liquor at 0-5% of dissolved oxygen saturation. β-Carotene content was 271% higher than before this addition. The cell biomass, torulene content, and torulene proportion could reach 62.47?g/L, 31.74?mg/L, and 70.41%, respectively, by using yeast extract at 30-35% of dissolved oxygen saturation. Torulene content was 152% higher than before this addition. The strategy for enhancing specific carotenoid production by selected fermentation conditions may provide an alternative approach to enhance carotenoid production with other strains.     

CAROTENOIDS PRODUCTION IN DIFFERENT CULTURE CONDITIONS BY Sporidiobolus pararoseus

Carotenoids produced by Sporidiobolus pararoseus were studied. It was found that biomass was connected with carbon source, temperature, and pH, but carotenoids proportion was seriously influenced by dissolved oxygen and nitrogen source. Different carotenoids could be obtained by using selected optimum conditions. In the end we established the strategies to produce β-carotene or torulene. Fed-batch fermentation in fermentor was used to prove the authenticity of our conclusions. The cell biomass, β-carotene content, and β-carotene proportion could reach 56.32 g/L, 18.92 mg/L and 60.43%, respectively, by using corn steep liquor at 0–5% of dissolved oxygen saturation. β-Carotene content was 271% higher than before this addition. The cell biomass, torulene content, and torulene proportion could reach 62.47 g/L, 31.74 mg/L, and 70.41%, respectively, by using yeast extract at 30–35% of dissolved oxygen saturation. Torulene content was 152% higher than before this addition. The strategy for enhancing specific carotenoid production by selected fermentation conditions may provide an alternative approach to enhance carotenoid production with other strains.     

Effect of deletion of 2,3-butanediol dehydrogenase gene (bdhA) on acetoin production of Bacillus subtilis

The present work aims to block 2,3-butanediol synthesis in acetoin fermentation of Bacillus subtilis. First, we constructed a recombinant strain BS168D by deleting the 2,3-butanediol dehydrogenase gene bdhA of the B. subtilis168, and there was almost no 2,3-butanediol production in 20?g/L of glucose media. The acetoin yield of BS168D reached 6.61?g/L, which was about 1.5 times higher than that of the control B. subtilis168 (4.47?g/L). Then, when the glucose concentration was increased to 100?g/L, the acetoin yield reached 24.6?g/L, but 2.4?g/L of 2,3-butanediol was detected at the end of fermentation. The analysis of 2,3-butanediol chiral structure indicated that the main 2,3-butanediol production of BS168D was meso-2,3-butanediol, and the bdhA gene was only responsible for (2R,3R)-2,3-butanediol synthesis. Therefore, we speculated that there may exit another pathway relating to the meso-2,3-butanediol synthesis in the B. subtilis. In addition, the results of low oxygen condition fermentation showed that deletion of bdhA gene successfully blocked the reversible transformation between acetoin and 2,3-butanediol and eliminated the effect of dissolved oxygen on the transformation.     

Factors influencing the production of a novel compound, 7,10-dihydroxy-8(E)-octadecenoic acid, by Pseudomonas aeruginosa PR3 (NRRL B-18602) in batch cultures

Pseudomonas aeruginosa PR3 (NRRL B-18602) converts oleic acid to a novel compound, 7,10-dihydroxy-8(E)-octadecenoic acid (DOD). Parameters that included medium volume, cell growth time, gyration speed, pH, substrate concentration, and dissolved oxygen concentration were evaluated for a scale-up production of DOD in batch cultures using Fernbach flasks and a bench-top bioreactor. Maximum production of about 2 g DOD (38% yield) was attained in Fernbach flasks containing 500 ml medium when cells were grown at 28 degrees C and 300 rpm for 16-20 h and the culture was adjusted to pH 7 prior to substrate addition. Increases of medium volume and substrate concentration failed to enhance yield. When batch cultures were initially conducted in a reactor, excessive foaming occurred that made the bioconversion process inoperable. This was overcome by a new aeration mechanism that provided adequate dissolved oxygen to the fermentation culture. Under the optimal conditions of 650 rpm, 28 degrees C, and 40-60% dissolved oxygen concentration, DOD production reached about 40 g (40% yield) in 4.5 L culture medium using a 7-L reactor vessel. This is the first report on a successful scale-up production of DOD.     

可溶性TRAIL蛋白的高密度培养及补料策略研究

采用分批补料的方法高密度培养重组大肠杆菌C600/PbvTRAIL制备人可溶性TRAIL蛋白,优化发酵工艺,探索简单高效的分离纯化方法并测定蛋白生物活性。通过比较几种不同的补料策略：间歇流加、Dostat、pHstat,摸索了一种流加策略,即DOstatpHstat组合流加,有效的避免了发酵过程中,尤其是诱导表达阶段乙酸积累的增加,使TRAIL蛋白在高密度培养条件下,得到高效表达。菌体密度最终达到300g/L（WCW）以上,可溶性TRAIL蛋白占菌体总蛋白的4.2%,含量为1.1g/L。在整个发酵过程中,乙酸浓度接近于0,且未使用任何特殊手段,如纯氧、加压等,简化了发酵工艺,降低了发酵成本,为TRAIL的工业化生产创造了条件。     

酒精酵母在连续发酵中的振荡行为研究

初步分析酒精酵母在连续发酵中的振荡行为的产生条件及产生机理。通过改变稀释率、pH值、溶氧和进料葡萄糖浓度等条件 ,观察不同操作条件对酒精酵母菌生长和代谢行为的影响。在 10～ 15 g/L的较低葡萄糖浓度 ,0 .10～ 0 .2 0h-1的较低稀释率 ,以及 70 %左右的适度的溶氧浓度等发酵条件下 ,酒精酵母会出现同步的代谢振荡现象。一定条件下 ,菌体浓度处于振荡状态 ,残余葡萄糖浓度不可测或在很低水平振荡 ,这些发现预示着控制机制的新发展。     

Factors Influencing the Production of a Novel Compound, 7,10-Dihydroxy-8(<Emphasis Type="Italic">E</Emphasis>)-octadecenoic Acid,by <Emphasis Type="Italic">Pseudomonas aeruginosa</Emphasis> PR3 (NRRL B-18602) in Batch Cultures

Pseudomonas aeruginosa PR3 (NRRL B-18602) converts oleic acid to a novel compound, 7,10-dihydroxy-8(E)-octadecenoic acid (DOD). Parameters that included medium volume, cell growth time, gyration speed, pH, substrate concentration, and dissolved oxygen concentration were evaluated for a scale-up production of DOD in batch cultures using Fernbach flasks and a bench-top bioreactor. Maximum production of about 2 g DOD (38% yield) was attained in Fernbach flasks containing 500 ml medium when cells were grown at 28°C and 300 rpm for 16–20 h and the culture was adjusted to pH 7 prior to substrate addition. Increases of medium volume and substrate concentration failed to enhance yield. When batch cultures were initially conducted in a reactor, excessive foaming occurred that made the bioconversion process inoperable. This was overcome by a new aeration mechanism that provided adequate dissolved oxygen to the fermentation culture. Under the optimal conditions of 650 rpm, 28°C, and 40–60% dissolved oxygen concentration, DOD production reached about 40 g (40% yield) in 4.5 L culture medium using a 7-L reactor vessel. This is the first report on a successful scale-up production of DOD. Received: 26 September 2002 / Accepted: 24 October 2002     

Production of antibacterial violet pigment by psychrotropic bacterium RT102 strain

The antibacterial action of violet pigment, a mixture of violacein and deoxyviolacein, isolated from phychrotrophic bacterium RT102 strain was examined, and the operational conditions for the effective production of violet pigment were studied. The antibacterial activity of the violet pigment was confirmed for several bacteria such asBacillus licheniformis, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus megaterium, Staphylococcus aureus, andPseudomonas aeruginosa, and the high concentration of violet pigment, above about 15 mg/L, caused not only growth inhibition but also death of cells. The growth properties of RT102 strain were clarified under various incubation conditions such as pH, temperature, and dissolved oxygen concentration. The maximum violet pigment concentration,i.e. 3.7 g/L, and the maximum productivity of violet pigment,i.e. 0.12 g L⁻¹h⁻¹, were obtained in a batch culture of pH 6, 20°C, and 1 mg/L of dissolved oxygen concentration.     

The pH mediated effects of initial glucose concentration on the transitory occurrence of extracellular metabolites, gas exchange and growth yields of aerobic batch cultures of Klebsiella pneumoniae

The changes in growth kinetics in aerobic batch cultures of Klebsiella pneumoniae were followed by measurements of extracellular metabolites, rates of gas exchange, dissolved oxygen tension, pH, and carbon balance at all stages of growth. When the initial growth-limiting glucose concentration in media without pH control was increased from 1.0 g carbon L(-1) to 2.2 g carbon L(-1), the number of different, mainly acidic, extracellular metabolites of glucose at the end of exponential growth increased, while the proportion of acetate decreased. During the postexponential growth phase, the extracellular metabolites were oxidized, resulting in an increasing complexity of changes in pH, gas exchange, and dissolved oxygen tension with increasing initial substrate concentration. All these parameters showed concomitant stepwise changes. This pattern was independent of the dissolved oxygen tension in the range 30-200 muM. When pH was kept constant, the number, slope, and relative magnitude of the steps in gas exchange and dissolved oxygen tension were pH-dependent, being most complex at low pH. Detailed carbon balances showed that 20% of the initial glucose was converted into extracellular metabolites at the end of exponential growth at neutral pH. In the postexponential phase, pyruvate (2%) was reoxidized first followed by acetate (13%). The observed molar growth yield coefficient (Y(ATP)) was 8.4 if the transitory occurrence of pyruvate and acetate was accounted for, and 6.4 if it was neglected. The corrected observed molar growth yield coefficient (Y'(ATP)) was 9.4 and compared well with the true molar growth yield coefficient (Y(Max) (ATP)), which was found to be 11.0. Specific in situ respiration rates of the exponential growth phase of cultures grown at different controlled pH values compared well with in situ values for energy-limited chemostat grown cells at the same growth rates, suggesting that growth in the batch culture was energy-limited throughout the exponential growth phase. This view was supported by low levels of intracellular glycogen and exopolysaccharides of all cultures, by the value of Y'(ATP) of 9.4, and by a constant specific production rate of the extracellular metabolites throughout exponential growth. It was concluded that even under strictly aerobic conditions, control of pH is as important as control of dissolved oxygen tension during growth of enterobacteriaceae in batch cultures.