尖吻蝮蛇未知C类凝集素蛋白cDNA扩增、克隆与表达

蛇毒中C类凝集素(C-TLs)超家族蛋白,是具有抗凝血等功能的一族蛋白质.根据测得的蛇毒蛋白的N端氨基酸序列,设计PCR引物;从湖南尖吻蝮蛇毒腺中提取总RNA,经反转录,再通过温度降落锚式PCR,在只使用一个特异性引物和一个通用引物、进行一次循环数不超过30的非巢式反应的条件下,即获得两个较为清晰的扩增条带;其中之一带经克隆、测序、比较,证明其与已知的蛇毒中C类凝集素超家族蛋白质有较高的同源性.在大肠杆菌中获得高效融合表达,融合蛋白占细胞总蛋白的26%～30%.     

圆斑蝰蛇毒七个C-型凝集素样蛋白亚基的cDNA克隆与序列分析

按照Promega公司的mRNA提取试剂盒操作手册,从圆斑蝰蛇（Daboia russellii siamensis）的毒腺中提取mRNA;利用RT-PCR的方法进行体外扩增,获得C-型凝集素蛋白的基因,克隆到pMD18-T载体中。随机挑选14个阳性克隆进行核酸测序,获得7个编码不同蛇毒C-型凝集素样蛋白亚基的cDNA,分别命名为DRS-L1、DRS-L2、DRS-L3、DRS-L4、DRS-L5、DRS-L6和DRS-L7。由基因序列推导出的氨基酸序列表明,克隆到的7个蛇毒C-型凝集素样蛋白的亚基中均有糖识别结构域存在。BLAST分析显示,仅有DRS-L1的蛋白序列与目前已知的蛇毒C-型凝集素样蛋白的α亚基相似。序列同源性比较并结合半胱氨酸位点分析,推测DRS-L1和DRS—L2可能分别是圆斑蝰蛇毒X因子激活剂的轻链LC2和LC1。DRS-L3和DRS-L4可能是高分子量的蛇毒C-型凝集素样蛋白的β亚基,而DRS-L5和DRS-L6可能是低分子量的蛇毒C-型凝集素样蛋白的β亚基。DRS—L7可能是类似于血小板膜糖蛋白Ib结合蛋白的β亚基。     

东方田鼠特异DNA片段的克隆及核苷酸序列分析

目的获得东方田鼠的特异DNA序列.方法Aβ基因使用PCR,基因克隆,斑点杂交,DNA序列分析,生物信息学技术.结果根据小鼠MHCⅡ外显子2及其两侧序列,合成引物并扩增东方田鼠基因组DNA,将PCR产物回收、测序后,分别设计内引物扩增东方田鼠基因组DNA,其中一对引物可得到特异性扩增带,将得到的DNA片段插入PGEM-Teasy载体,进行序列分析.用这对引物扩增人、昆明小鼠、BALB/c小鼠及C57BL/6J小鼠基因组DNA,均无扩增产物.以东方田鼠特异性扩增产物为探针进行斑点杂交,除东方田鼠基因组DNA外,其他几种动物基因组DNA均为阴性结果.进一步对该DNA片段进行了BLAST同源性搜索和外显子预测,在Genbank中没有发现高度同源序列,并且找到一个可能的外显子,该外显子由69个氨基酸组成.结论获得的DNA片段为东方田鼠的特异片段,这将为从分子水平深入研究东方田鼠的遗传背景、生物进化规律以及东方田鼠抗日本血吸虫的机理奠定基础.     

Dof基因家族调节植物生长发育功能的研究进展

Dof（DNA binding with one finger）蛋白是一类植物特异性转录因子,通常含有200～400个氨基酸和2个主要结构域。该家族成员的N 末端为高度保守的单锌指Dof结构域,具有与DNA和蛋白质相互作用的双重功能,其C末端的氨基酸序列则较为多变,是Dof蛋白重要的特异转录调控结构域。研究表明,Dof蛋白作为转录激活物或阻遏物参与了多方面的植物生长发育过程。随着基因组测序技术的发展,已有大量的Dof基因从植物基因组数据库中鉴定出来。该文对近年来国内外有关Dof基因家族的结构特点、全基因组鉴定、蛋白互作以及生物学功能等方面的研究进展进行综述,以期为Dof转录因子的深入研究提供参考。     

霍乱弧菌分型噬菌体VP3基因组序列的测定与分析

测定和分析霍乱弧菌分型噬菌体VP3基因组序列,并为ElTor型霍乱弧菌两类菌株的分型方法原理提供研究基础。鸟枪法构建VP3噬菌体全基因组随机文库;测序拼接成最小重叠群,引物步移法填补缝隙序列,拼接后获得VP3全基因组序列。PCR随机扩增噬菌体DNA片段并酶切鉴定;预测可能存在的开放读码框(ORF);对VP3和相关噬菌体的DNA聚合酶基因作进化树分析,协助判定VP3的分类;对预测的部分启动子区利用报道基因进行活性分析。VP3全基因组为环状双链DNA,长度39504bp;酶切鉴定结果与序列一致。确定了49个ORF,注释了27个ORF的编码产物,其中有20个基因产物与T7样噬菌体同源,包括RNA聚合酶(RNAP)、参与DNA复制的蛋白、衣壳蛋白、尾管及尾丝蛋白、DNA包装蛋白等。DNA聚合酶(DNAP)进化树分析表明VP3与T7样噬菌体有同源性。将预测的10个启动子序列克隆到lacZ融合质粒pRS1274上,经检测均具有启动子活性。测定和分析VP3的基因组序列,基因组结构与进化树分析提示VP3属于T7噬菌体家族。     

四个烙铁头蛇毒凝集素样蛋白基因的克隆与序列分析

从烙铁头蛇（Trimeresurus mucrosquamatus)的毒腺中提取mRNA,利用RT－PCR进行体外扩增,获得凝集素样蛋白基因,克隆至PMD18－T载体中,筛选出4种凝集素样蛋白基因（命名为TML-1、MTL－2、TML－3和TML－4）。由基因序列推导出的氨基酸序列表明：TML－1,2,3,4序列中均有CRD结构。序列同源性比较和Cys位点分析推测：TML－1和TML－2可能分别是类似于flavocetin-A的蛇毒凝集素样蛋白的α亚基和β亚基;TML－3可能类似于GPIb-bp的蛇毒凝集素样蛋白的α亚基,TML－4则可能是类似于Ⅸ/Ⅹ-bp的蛇毒凝集素样蛋白的β亚基。     

家蚕C型凝集素S11的克隆、表达及功能研究

【目的】C型凝集素(C-type lectin,CTL)广泛存在于植物和动物中,参与免疫防御反应、发育及细胞信号传导。鳞翅目昆虫中的C型凝集素依据长度和特征功能域可以分成S型、IML型和X型,目前对S型凝集素的功能了解非常有限。本研究对家蚕Bombyx mori L.C型凝集素S11进行了克隆、蛋白表达纯化和初步功能分析。【方法】基于先前对家蚕基因组中所有C型凝集素序列的生物信息学分析,通过PCR克隆了CTL-S11基因的全长c DNA;利用相关软件对核酸和蛋白质序列进行了比对和分析;通过大肠杆菌原核系统表达纯化重组蛋白;通过RT-PCR和荧光定量PCR研究了该基因的组织表达分布和诱导表达;通过凝集实验检测了重组蛋白对细菌的凝集作用。【结果】获得了长度为519 bp的CTL-S11全长c DNA序列,编码173个氨基酸,纯化得到分子量约为18 ku,带有组氨酸标签的重组蛋白。RT-PCR表明该基因在中肠、脂肪体、血细胞和表皮都有表达。荧光定量PCR结果表明,细菌喂食或注射家蚕幼虫后,CTL-S11的表达水平在某些时间点有显著上调。凝集实验显示,在钙离子存在的条件下重组蛋白对大肠杆菌和金黄葡萄球菌有明显的凝集作用。【结论】CTL-S11的表达可以被细菌显著诱导,重组蛋白可以引起细菌的凝集,因此其有可能作为免疫受体参与家蚕对病原微生物的识别。     

快速获取55型腺病毒基因组序列的方法

【目的】建立快速获取55型腺病毒的全长基因组序列的方法。【方法】根据55型腺病毒的基因组特点,设计覆盖55型腺病毒基因组序列的12对引物,分别以55型腺病毒DNA为模板,扩增得到12个PCR产物,通过对12个PCR产物测序及序列拼接,获得55型腺病毒的全长基因组序列。【结果】从本院急性上呼吸道感染者咽拭子标本中分离得到一株55型腺病毒毒株SF04/SC/2016,以其DNA为模板扩增成功获得12个PCR产物,对其进行测序,并对12段序列进行拼接得到55型腺病毒的全长基因组序列,与已报到的各型腺病毒序列进行比对,采用邻位相连法构建系统发育进化树,所得序列与55型腺病毒处于同一分支,进一步确认该病原体为55型腺病毒。【结论】研究公布的序列和方法,能够实现更方便对腺病毒的快速测序,为揭示55型腺病毒的进化特点及制订疾病防控策略提供了有效手段。     

人神经生长因子信号肽介导β-内啡肽的分泌表达

目的:构建人神经生长因子信号肽与人β-内啡肽融合基因的真核表达载体,研究人神经生长因子信号肽介导β-内啡肽的分泌表达.方法:取得人基因组后,PCR 法获取人的神经生长因子信号肽部分序列及人β-内啡肽序列;通过 SOE-PCR法将两段 DNA 序列连接,然后插入到真核表达载体内,测序正确后扩增转染级的真核表达载体.表达载体脂质体法转染 NIH3T3细胞,转染后 48-72h 收集细胞及培养上清,RT-PCR 法检测融合基因的转录.RIA 法测定细胞外β-内啡肽的浓度.结果:成功构建全人源的分泌型表达β-内啡肽的真核表达载体,DNA 序列经测序完全符合实验设计;融合基因能够顺利地得到转录并进行表达翻译,在细胞培养上清中可检测到其产物.结论:构建的真核表达载体能够分泌表达人β-内啡肽,提示人神经生长因子信号肽序列能够发挥其介导蛋白产物分泌表达的作用.     

kitl非编码区突变导致RNA剪切异常的小鼠

本文主要采用RT-RCR技术从kitl1-bao纯合子和正常C57BL/6(B6)小鼠总RNA中扩增出kitl基因片段,测序后与GenBank(登录号:NM.013598)序列比对,找到mRNA上突变部位。PCR扩增kitl基因组DNA上对应部位进一步测序验证。结果发现kitl1-bao突变纯合子kitl基因mRNA缺少第8号外显子。在基因组DNA上kitl基因第8号内含子第2个碱基由T转换为C,是引起mRNA剪接错误的原因     

Calcium-binding analysis and molecular modeling reveal echis coagulation factor IX/factor X-binding protein has the Ca-binding properties and Ca ion-independent folding of other C-type lectin-like proteins

Many biologically active heterodimeric proteins of snake venom consist of two C-type lectin-like subunits. One of these proteins, habu IX/X-bp, is a Gla domain-binding protein whose subunits both bind to a Ca2+ ion, with a total of two Ca2+-binding sites. The molecular modeling and Ca2+-binding analysis of echis IX/X-bp revealed that it lacks one of two Ca2+-binding sites, though the folding of this subunit is conserved. It is concluded that heterodimeric C-type lectin-like proteins function independent of Ca2+ and have essentially a similar folding to habu IX/X-bp.     

Crystal structure of flavocetin-A, a platelet glycoprotein Ib-binding protein, reveals a novel cyclic tetramer of C-type lectin-like heterodimers

Snake venom contains a number of the hemostatically active C-type lectin-like proteins, which affect the interaction between von Willebrand factor (vWF) and the platelet glycoprotein (GP) Ib or platelet receptor to inhibit/induce platelet activation. Flavocetin-A (FL-A) is a high-molecular mass C-type lectin-like protein (149 kDa) isolated from the habu snake venom. FL-A binds with high affinity to the platelet GP Ibalpha-subunit and functions as a strong inhibitor of vWF-dependent platelet aggregation. We have determined the X-ray crystal structure of FL-A and refined to 2.5 A resolution. This is a first elucidation of a three-dimensional structure of the platelet GP Ib-binding protein. The overall structure reveals that the molecule is a novel cyclic tetramer (alphabeta)(4) made up of four alphabeta-heterodimers related by a crystallographic 4-fold symmetry. The tetramerization is mediated by an interchain disulfide bridge between cysteine residues at the C-terminus of the alpha-subunit and at the N-terminus of the beta-subunit in the neighboring alphabeta-heterodimer. The high affinity of FL-A for the platelet GP Ib alpha-subunit could be explained by a cooperative-binding action through the multiple binding sites of the tetramer.     

Molecular cloning and sequence analysis of aggretin, a collagen-like platelet aggregation inducer.

A cDNA library derived from the Malayan-pit-viper (Calloselasma rhodostoma) venom gland was constructed in the phagemid vector. Using the information of the N-terminal amino acid sequences of two subunits of aggretin, synthetic mixed-base oligonucleotides were employed as a screening probe for colony hybridization. Separate cDNA clones encoding for the alpha and beta chains of aggretin were isolated and sequenced. The results revealed that mature alpha and beta chains contain 136 and 123 amino acid residues, respectively. Aggretin subunits show high degrees of identity with respective subunits (50-60% for alpha, 49-58% for beta) of C-type lectin-like snake venoms. The identity to rattlesnake lectin is relatively lower (i.e., 39 and 30%). All cysteine residues in each chain of aggretin are well conserved and located at the positions corresponding to those of C-type lectins. Thus, three intracatenary disulfide bridges and an interchain disulfide bond between Cys83(alpha) and Cys75(beta) may be allocated. This is the first report regarding the entire sequence of venom GPIa/IIa agonist. According to the alignment of amino acid sequences, hypervariable regions among these C-type lectin-like proteins were revealed. These hypervariable regions are proposed to be the counterparts directly interacting with different receptors or different domains of a receptor on the surface of platelet.     

Mapping the region of the alpha-type phospholipase A2 inhibitor responsible for its inhibitory activity

alpha-Type phospholipase A(2) inhibitory protein (PLIalpha) from the serum of the venomous snake Gloydius brevicaudus, GbPLIalpha,isone of the protective endogenous proteins that neutralizes its own venom phospholipase A(2) (PLA(2)), and it is a homotrimer of subunits having a C-type lectin-like domain. The nonvenomous snake Elaphe quadrivirgata has a homologous serum protein, EqPLIalpha-LP, that does not show any inhibitory activity against various snake venom PLA(2)s (Okumura, K., Inoue, S., Ikeda, K., and Hayashi, K. (2003) IUBMB Life 55, 539-545). By constructing GbPLIalpha-Eq- PLIalpha-LP chimeric proteins, we have mapped the residues important in conferring GbPLIalpha inhibitory activity on region 13-36 in the primary structure of GbPLIalpha. Noninhibitory EqPLIalpha-LP showed comparable inhibitory activity only when this region was replaced with that of GbPLIalpha. Further, mutational analysis of the candidate residues revealed that the individual GbPLIalpha to EqPLIalpha-LP residue substitutions N26K, K28E, D29N, and Y144S each produced a mutant GbPLIalpha protein with reduced inhibitory activity, with the single N26K substitution having the most significant effect. Residues 13-36 were suspected to be located in the helical neck region of the GbPLIalpha trimer. Therefore, the region of GbPLIalpha responsible for PLA(2) inhibition was distinct from the carbohydrate-binding site of the homologous C-type lectin.     

Identification and characterization of a serum protein homologous to alpha-type phospholipase A2 inhibitor (PLIalpha) from a nonvenomous snake, Elaphe quadrivirgata

From a liver cDNA library prepared from a nonvenomous striated snake, Elaphe quadrivirgata, we isolated a cDNA encoding a novel protein, PLIalpha-like protein (PLIalpha-LP), having approximately 70% sequence identities with the alpha-type phospholipase A2 (PLA2) inhibitors (PLIalpha(s)) previously purified from the venomous snakes Agkistrodon blomhoffii siniticus and Trimeresurus flavoviridis. Since the PLI-LP with a highly conserved C-type lectin-like domain (CTLD) would be predicted to function as a PLA2 inhibitor, we purified this protein from E. quadrivirgata serum by sequential chromatography on Hi-trap Blue, Mono Q, and Superdex 200 columns. The purified 51-kDa protein with PLIalpha-like immunoreactivity was found to be a trimer of 18-kDa PLIalpha-LP, which was comparable to the trimeric structure of PLIalpha. But, unexpectedly, this protein did not show any inhibitory activity against various snake venom PLA2s. Furthermore, it did not inhibit the endogenous PLA2 activities in various tissue homogenates prepared from this snake. Lack of the inhibitory activity in PLIalpha-LP may provide important information concerning the structure-function relationships of PLIalpha.     

蛇毒神经毒素类似物的免疫学分析

选取眼镜蛇蛇毒和银环蛇蛇毒中 1 0个差异较大的神经毒素类似物 ,通过麦芽糖融合表达系统使它们在大肠杆菌中得到高效可溶性表达 .通过 Amylose- Sepharose6B亲和树脂纯化这些融合蛋白 .分别制备这 1 0种融合蛋白多克隆抗体 .同时将这 1 0种神经毒素类似物进行硫氧还蛋白融合表达 ,表达产物基本上都是包涵体 .以硫氧还蛋白融合表达产物为抗原和上述 1 0种神经毒素类似物抗血清进行 Western blotting.结果显示 ,大多数神经毒素类似物之间没有免疫交叉反应 ,表明这些神经毒素类似物的抗原性差别较大 ,可能存在不同的分类和进化