猪圆环病毒2型感染对仔猪盲肠免疫功能与菌群的影响

【背景】肠炎是猪圆环病毒2型(porcine circovirus type 2,PCV2)感染猪的临床症状之一,其发生影响猪的生产性能。盲肠是单胃动物重要的消化器官,PCV2感染的影响值得探究。【目的】探究猪盲肠在PCV2感染后的免疫功能及菌群变化。【方法】将12头健康断奶仔猪随机分为对照组和感染组,每组6头,感染途径为口服和肌注,分别接种5mL,总接种量为10mL/头,对照组以同种方式接种PK15细胞培养物。分别检测在感染后56d(days post-infection,dpi)内血清中病毒载量、抗体动态及21dpi和56dpi盲肠的组织病理变化、病毒抗原含量、免疫功能及其内容物微生物菌群的变化。【结果】在21dpi,血清病毒核酸载量和抗体均达较高水平,PCV2抗原信号强,主要分布在盲肠黏膜上皮细胞和固有层中,盲肠分泌物SIgA含量显著降低,而T淋巴细胞增殖能力显著增高,感染猪盲肠上皮细胞严重脱落,肠腺萎缩,盲肠菌群多样性与丰度显著降低,有益菌属如弧菌属(Butyrivibrio)、瘤胃球菌属(Ruminococcaceae-NK4A214)显著降低,条件致病菌普雷沃氏菌属(Alloprevotella)显著增高;56dpi,病毒核酸载量降至7dpi水平,抗体持续较高水平,其他各项指标基本恢复到对照组水平。【结论】PCV2感染导致仔猪盲肠免疫功能紊乱,引起盲肠黏膜损伤,有益菌丰度降低、条件致病菌丰度增高,这些变化与病毒含量存在一定关系。     

猪圆环病毒2型感染的仔猪空肠菌群变化

【目的】研究猪圆环病毒2型(PCV2)感染导致的仔猪空肠病理变化及其菌群变化。【方法】经过口服和肌肉注射PCV2后测定3头仔猪病毒血症情况;随后将6头断奶仔猪随机分为感染组和对照组,感染组3头,空白组3头。相同接种途径感染仔猪,在感染后21 d宰杀仔猪,无菌采集空肠肠段及内容物分别进行显微病理观察和Mi Seq测序分析空肠菌群变化。【结果】PCV2感染后21 d仔猪血清中病毒核酸达到较高水平,感染组仔猪空肠绒毛萎缩脱落,空肠微生物种类和丰度发生变化,菌群多样性增高,乳酸菌属含量显著降低,假单胞菌属含量显著增高。【结论】PCV2感染导致仔猪空肠菌群发生一定变化,空肠有益菌减少,有害菌增多,加重仔猪空肠炎症发生。     

表达猪圆环病毒II型ORF2基因的重组猪伪狂犬病病毒的免疫原性

摘要:【目的】为研制预防猪圆环病毒II型(PCV2)感染的重组伪狂犬病病毒(PRV)活载体疫苗。【方法】将PCV2 ORF2基因插入到PRV通用载体pG中,利用脂质体LipofectamineTM 2000试剂盒将重组转移质粒pGO与猪PRV弱毒HB98株DNA共转染猪睾丸(ST)细胞,通过3轮蚀斑纯化重组病毒。将重组病毒、商品化PCV2灭活苗及DMEM培养液分别免疫6周龄雌性昆明小鼠,4周后加强免疫1次,首免后第8周用PCV2强毒NY株对小鼠进行攻毒。【结果】成功获得表达ORF2基因的重组病毒PGO,首免重组病毒后小 鼠体内抗PCV2的ELISA抗体水平很低,二免后小鼠PCV2特异的ELISA抗体水平明显升高,并且重组病毒组能够激发PCV2特异的淋巴细胞增殖效应。攻毒试验表明重组病毒组和PCV2灭活疫苗组均能有效抵抗PCV2强毒攻击。【结论】表明表达ORF2基因的重组病毒PGO具有良好免疫原性。     

表达猪圆环病毒Ⅱ型ORF2基因的重组猪伪狂犬病病毒的免疫原性

【目的】为研制预防猪圆环病毒II型(PCV2)感染的重组伪狂犬病病毒(PRV)活载体疫苗。【方法】将PCV2 ORF2基因插入到PRV通用载体pG中,利用脂质体LipofectamineTM2000试剂盒将重组转移质粒pGO与猪PRV弱毒HB98株DNA共转染猪睾丸(ST)细胞,通过3轮蚀斑纯化重组病毒。将重组病毒、商品化PCV2灭活苗及DMEM培养液分别免疫6周龄雌性昆明小鼠,4周后加强免疫1次,首免后第8周用PCV2强毒NY株对小鼠进行攻毒。【结果】成功获得表达ORF2基因的重组病毒PGO,首免重组病毒后小鼠体内抗PCV2的ELISA抗体水平很低,二免后小鼠PCV2特异的ELISA抗体水平明显升高,并且重组病毒组能够激发PCV2特异的淋巴细胞增殖效应。攻毒试验表明重组病毒组和PCV2灭活疫苗组均能有效抵抗PCV2强毒攻击。【结论】表明表达ORF2基因的重组病毒PGO具有良好免疫原性。     

cGAS/STING信号通路参与猪圆环病毒2型诱导猪肺泡巨噬细胞产生Ⅰ型干扰素

为研究猪圆环病毒2型 (Porcine circovirus type 2,PCV2) 感染的猪肺泡巨噬细胞 (Porcine alveolar macrophages,PAMs) 分泌Ⅰ型干扰素信号通路,以PCV2病毒感染PAMs为研究对象,采用酶联免疫吸附测定 (Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,ELISA)、实时荧光定量PCR和Western blotting,分析PCV2感染对PAMsⅠ型干扰素的诱导、cGAS/STING信号通路相关基因mRNA和蛋白表达的影响,并应用靶向cGAS和STING特异性siRNA、抑制剂BX795和BAY 11-7082,解析cGAS、STING、TBK1和NF-κB/P65在PAMs生成Ⅰ型干扰素中的作用。结果显示,PAMs感染PCV2病毒48 h后Ⅰ型干扰素的表达量显著升高 (P＜0.05),cGAS mRNA的表达量在感染48 h和72 h后显著升高 (P＜0.01),STING mRNA表达量在PCV2感染72 h后显著上升 (P＜0.01),TBK1 mRNA、IRF3 mRNA感染48 h后显著升高 (P＜0.01)。PCV2能够显著升高PAMs胞浆STING、TBK1和IRF3蛋白含量,降低胞浆NF-κB/p65的含量,促进NF-κB/p65和IRF3入核。敲低PAMs中cGAS或STING表达水平后,PCV2感染PAMs 48 h后,Ⅰ型干扰素的表达水平显著下降 (P＜0.01);BAX795抑制TBK1后,PCV2感染PAMs 48 hⅠ型干扰素的表达水平显著下降 (P＜0.01),BAY 11-7082 抑制NF-κB/P65表达后,PCV2感染PAMs 48 h I型干扰素的表达量与PCV2组相比无显著性差异 (P＞0.05)。结果表明,PAMs感染PCV2后通过cGAS/STING/TBK1/IRF3信号通路诱导Ⅰ型干扰素分泌。     

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒、猪圆环病毒三型、猪流感病毒三重RT-PCR检测方法建立及初步应用

【背景】猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus,PRRSV)、猪圆环病毒三型(porcine circovirus type III,PCV3)和猪流感病毒(swine influenza virus,SIV)是3种影响猪只健康的重要呼吸道病原,对养猪业造成严重的经济损失,因此需要建立高效快速的检测方法,以了解3种病原在国内的流行情况。【目的】建立能同时检测PRRSV、PCV3和SIV的三重RT-PCR方法,为3种病毒的流行病学调查和疾病监控提供技术支持。【方法】针对猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV),猪圆环病毒三型(PCV3),猪流感病毒(SIV)基因序列,分别设计3对特异性引物,扩增PRRSV M和N基因(436bp)、PCV3 Cap基因(619bp)和SIV M基因(199bp)。通过对退火温度和引物浓度优化建立三重RT-PCR检测方法,并对建立的多重检测方法进行特异性、敏感性、重复性试验验证。【结果】建立了能够同时快速检测PRRSV、PCV3、SIV的三重RT-PCR方法,而对猪瘟病毒(classical swine fever virus,CSFV)、猪伪狂犬病病毒(pseudorabies virus,PRV)、猪圆环病毒2型(porcine circovirus type II,PCV2)、猪细小病毒2型(porcine parvovirus II,PPV2)、猪细小病毒3型(porcine parvovirus III,PPV3)和猪细环病毒1型(torque teno sus virus I,TTSuV1)等6种病原的扩增均为阴性,特异性较好。敏感性结果显示,同时检测PRRSV、PCV3、SIV这3种病原的检测下限为100copies/μL,批间与批内试验结果均一致。用该方法对黑龙江省部分地区猪场的67份临床病料进行检测,结果显示PRRSV阳性率为16.5%,PCV3阳性率为10.5%,SIV阳性率为10.5%,而且存在混合感染。【结论】该方法灵敏度高、特异性强,能够应用于临床样品检测,有效预测病原的流行情况。     

猪圆环病毒3型衣壳蛋白(Cap)抑制宿主细胞天然免疫应答

【背景】猪圆环病毒是引起猪圆环病毒病的病原,能够引起严重的免疫抑制和临床症状,给养猪业造成严重的经济损失。【目的】研究猪圆环病毒3型(Porcinecircovirus3,PCV3)衣壳蛋白(Capsid protein,Cap)对宿主天然免疫应答的调控作用,解析其免疫抑制机制对阐明猪圆环病毒致病机制具有重要意义。【方法】通过构建Cap真核表达质粒,利用Westernblotting进行表达验证,实时荧光定量(RT-PCR)、双荧光素酶基因报告系统和ELISA探究Cap对I型干扰素通路活化的影响,通过免疫共沉淀探索其作用机制。【结果】真核表达质粒成功表达并且证实Cap可以抑制DNA模拟物Poly(dA:dT)诱导的I型干扰素通路的活化;Cap可以与天然免疫通路节点分子MITA相互作用。【结论】研究发现PCV3病毒Cap蛋白与干扰素通路节点分子MITA相互作用发挥免疫抑制作用,这为阐明PCV3免疫抑制机制提供了理论依据。     

猪瘟病毒C株共感染口蹄疫病毒影响口蹄疫病毒复制

【背景】猪瘟(Classical Swine Fever)是由猪瘟病毒(Classical Swine Fever Virus,CSFV)引起的猪高度接触性传染病,致死率极高。在临床中存在着CSFV与猪其他病原菌共感染的情况,例如CSFV与口蹄疫病毒(Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus,FMDV)的共感染。【目的】利用CSFV与FMDV共感染猪源宿主细胞,研究CSFV与FMDV共感染对FMDV病毒复制的影响。【方法】构建体外共感染细胞模型,在正常PK-15细胞上进行CSFV共感染FMDV实验,通过观察细胞病变效应(Cytopathic Effect,CPE)、实时荧光定量PCR(RT-qPCR)、Western Blot、间接免疫荧光检测CSFV和FMDV共感染及FMDV单独感染情况下FMDV复制水平的差异。利用RT-qPCR筛选鉴定能够影响FMDV复制的CSFV蛋白。【结果】CSFVC株共感染FMDV能够抑制FMDV的复制,而且灭活的CSFV同样抑制FMDV的复制。通过筛选鉴定出CSFV的C蛋白能够抑制FMDV复制。【结论】研究发现CSFV C株共感染FMDV能够抑制FMDV复制,而其C蛋白具有抑制FMDV复制的能力。     

猪圆环病毒2型、猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒及猪细小病毒混合感染的流行病学调查

根据GenBank上发表的PRRSV ORF7、PPV VP2及PCV的基因组序列设计合成引物,建立了分别用于检测PRRSV、PPV和PCV的RT-PCR、PCR及复合PCR方法.应用建立的复合PCR方法对送检的127份病料进行了PCV的检测,对鉴定为PCV2阳性的67份病料再分别进行PRRSV和PPV的检测,以确定猪群中PCV2与PRRSV和/或PPV混合感染情况,结果表明,35份样品表现为PRRSV与PCV2混合感染,占样品总数的52.3%;18份样品表现为PCV2与PPV混合感染,占26.9%.另外,还有一定比例的三重感染,共5个样品,占7.5%.由此可见,猪群中PCV2与PRRSV及PPV混合感染比较普遍.     

安徽省部分地区2016–2018年猪圆环病毒2型遗传进化分析

【背景】猪圆环病毒(Porcinecircovirus,PCV)可以引起断奶仔猪多系统衰竭综合症(Postweaningmultisystemicwastingsyndrome,PMWS)。【目的】了解安徽省部分地区猪圆环病毒2型(PCV2)的遗传变异情况。【方法】采用PCR技术,对2016-2018年间安徽省部分地区猪场疑似PMWS感染的组织样品共计31份进行PCV2检测和全基因扩增,并通过DNAStar等生物信息学软件对所得到的PCV2毒株基因序列进行遗传进化分析。【结果】所得的8株PCV2安徽株与GenBank上已发表的国内外参考毒株相比较,核苷酸相似性为92.8%-99.0%,ORF2及其推导的氨基酸序列相似性分别为85.8%-99.6%和82.5%-100%。遗传进化树分析结果显示8株安徽株中有1株PCV2a,2株PCV2b,5株PCV2d,未发现PCV2c、PCV2e和PCV2f基因型。此外,通过对ORF2基因编码的氨基酸序列分析,发现各基因型Cap蛋白氨基酸序列上的位点具有其独特性。【结论】近年来PCV2在安徽地区的猪群中感染较为普遍,其中PCV2d基因型的感染病例增多,逐渐成为安徽地区的优势流行株。本研究为安徽地区的PCV2防控提供了一定的参考依据。     

Cellular adaptive immune response against porcine circovirus type 2 in subclinically infected pigs

Background  

Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is a dominant causative agent of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS), a multifactorial disease complex with putative immunosuppressive characteristics. Little is known about adaptive PCV2-specific immune responses in infected pigs. Therefore, the T and B cell responses following PCV2 infection in 3-week old SPF piglets infected with PCV2 or PCV2 plus porcine parvovirus (PPV) were studied.     

猪圆环病毒2型、猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒及猪细小病毒混合感染的流行病学调查

根据GenBank上发表的PRRSVORF7、PPVVP2及PCV的基因组序列设计合成引物,建立了分别用于检测PRRSV、PPV和PCV的RT-PCR、PCR及复合PCR方法。应用建立的复合PCR方法对送检的127份病料进行了PCV的检测,对鉴定为PCV2阳性的67份病料再分别进行PRRSV和PPV的检测,以确定猪群中PCV2与PRRSV和,或PPV混合感染情况,结果表明,35份样品表现为PRRSV与PCV2混合感染,占样品总数的52．3％;18份样品表现为PCV2与PPV混合感染,占26．9％。另外,还有一定比例的三重感染,共5个样品,占7．5％。由此可见,猪群中PCV2与PRRSV及PPV混合感染比较普遍。     

Effect of natural or vaccine-induced porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) immunity on fetal infection after artificial insemination with PCV2 spiked semen

The objectives of this study were to determine if vaccination against porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) or previous PCV2 infection of the dam are sufficient to prevent fetal infection when dams are artificially inseminated with PCV2-spiked semen. Nine sows (Sus domestica) were allocated into three groups of three dams each: The PCV2 naïve negative control Group 1 was artificially inseminated with extended PCV2 DNA negative semen during estrus, whereas the extended semen used in the vaccinated Group 2 (PCV2 vaccine was given 8 wk before insemination) and PCV2-exposed Group 3 (infected with PCV2 12 wk before insemination) was spiked with 5 mL of PCV2 inoculum with a titer of 10^4.2 tissue culture infectious dose (TCID₅₀) per milliliter at each breeding. The dams in the vaccinated and PCV2-exposed groups were positive for PCV2 antibody but negative for PCV2 DNA in serum at the time of insemination. Three negative control dams, two vaccinated dams, and three dams with previous PCV2 exposure became pregnant and maintained pregnancy to term. After artificial insemination, viremia was detected in one of three vaccinated dams and in two of three dams with previous PCV2 exposure. At farrowing, PCV2 infection was not detected in any piglets or fetuses expelled from the negative control dams or from dams with previous PCV2 exposure. In litters of the vaccinated dams, 15 of 24 live-born piglets were PCV2 viremic at birth, with 6 of 26 fetuses having detectable PCV2 antigen in tissues. In conclusion, vaccine-induced immunity did not prevent fetal infection in this sow model using semen spiked with PCV2.     

Evaluation of virus decontamination techniques for porcine embryos produced in vitro

The objective of this study was to explore approaches to decontaminate embryos either contaminated naturally or under experimental conditions with different viruses. Embryos were obtained from in vitro maturation and fertilisation of porcine oocytes. After 7 days of development, morula and blastocyst stages were exposed for 1 h to the following viruses: encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV), porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2), porcine parvovirus (PPV), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), and bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) at an infectivity of 100 TCID50/mL. Embryos samples were treated with different washing procedures, which all included the following standard washing solutions: PBS+0.4% BSA (five times for 10 s), Hank's+0.25% trypsin (two times for 60-90 or 120-150 s, or one time of 5 min), Hank's+0.1 mg/mL DNase 1+20 U/mL RNase One (one time of 30 min) and PBS+0.4% BSA again (five times for 10s). Two new approaches were used to improve trypsin treatment, 0.1% hyaluronidase (one time for 5 min) instead of trypsin and a pre-incubation with oviductal cells. Therefore, in the first experiment, oocytes received standard maturation treatments and in the second, they were also co-incubated with oviductal cells for the last 3 h of maturation. The effectiveness of the different washing techniques in removing viruses was evaluated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis. In the first experiment, trypsin treatment did not eliminate PRRSV, PPV, PCV, and EMCV from contaminated embryos. Surprisingly, treatment with hyaluronidase eliminated all tested viruses. In the second experiment, all viruses tested were removed from the oocytes following the different enzymatic treatments. In conclusion, in vitro embryo decontamination was more effective following exposure to oviductal secretions and hyaluronidase eliminated more virions than trypsin in washing techniques.     

Detection of porcine circovirus type 1 in commercial porcine vaccines by loop-mediated isothermal amplification

A loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) method with a real-time monitoring system was developed for the detection of porcine circovirus type 1 (PCV1) in commercial swine vaccines. This method was highly specific for PCV1. No cross-reaction to porcine circovirus type 2, porcine parvovirus, pseudorabies virus, classical swine fever virus, and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus was observed. The analytical sensitivity of the LAMP for PCV1 DNA was 10 copies/μl in the case of positive recombinant plasmid comparable to that obtained from the nested polymerase chain reaction (nested PCR). Furthermore, 25 commercial swine vaccines were tested by both the LAMP and the nested PCR, and three of them were tested positive for PCV1 DNA. These results indicate that PCV1 DNA can be real-time detected by the LAMP; the method was highly specific, sensitive, and rapid for the detection of PCV1 DNA, particularly in commercial swine vaccines.     

A retrospective study of DNA prevalence of porcine parvoviruses in Mexico and its relationship with porcine circovirus associated disease

Worldwide, many emerging porcine parvoviruses (PPVs) have been linked to porcine circovirus-2 (PCV2) associated disease (PCVAD), which includes post-weaning multi-systemic wasting syndrome (PMWS), PCV2-related reproductive failure (PCV2-RF), as well as other syndromes. To determine the DNA prevalence of PPVs and their relationship with PMWS and PCV2-RF in Mexico, 170 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues were selected from archival collections to detect PPVs using a nested polymerase chain reaction. The tissues were composed of 50 PMWS cases, 20 age-matched tissues from healthy pigs, 56 PCV2-related reproductive failure (PCV2⁺-RF) cases, and 44 PCV2^--RF cases. Overall, PPV2 and PPV6 were the most prevalent species (90.0% and 74.7%, respectively). In 8–11 week old pigs, the highest prevalence was for PPV6 and PPV3. Concerning reproductive failure, the PCV2-affected farms had a significantly higher prevalence for PPV6 (61.6%) and PPV5 (36.4%) than the PCV2-unaffected farms (35.0% and 5.0%, respectively). The concurrent infection rate was high, being significant for PPV2/PPV4 and PPV1/PPV5 within the PMWS cases and for PPV6/PPV5 among the PCV2⁺-RF tissues. PPV5 showed a significant relationship with PMWS, whereas PPV5 and PPV6 were significant for PCVAD. The prevalence and coinfection rate of PPVs in Mexico were markedly higher than that described in other countries, denoting that PPV5 and PPV6 might have a potential role in PCVAD in Mexico. It is concluded that it is likely that the density population of pigs in Mexico is contributing to high PPV inter-species and PCV2 coinfections which might lead to a different pathogenic outcome.     

Immunity Elicited by an Experimental Vaccine Based on Recombinant Flagellin-Porcine Circovirus Type 2 Cap Fusion Protein in Piglets

In a recent study, we reported that a recombinant protein from fusion expression of flagellin to porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) Cap induced robust humoral and cell-mediated immunity that afforded full protection for PCV2 infection using BALB/c mice. Here, we further evaluated the immunogenicity and protection of the recombinant protein using specific pathogen free (SPF) pigs. Twenty-five 3-week-old piglets without passively acquired immunity were divided into 5 groups. All piglets except negative controls were challenged with a virulent PCV2 at 21 days after booster vaccination and necropsied at 21 days post-challenge. Vaccination of piglets with the recombinant protein without adjuvant induced strong humoral and cellular immune responses as observed by high levels of PCV2-specific IgG antibodies and neutralizing antibodies, as well as frequencies of PCV2-specific IFN-γ-secreting cells that conferred good protection against PCV2 challenge, with significant reduced PCV2 viremia, mild lesions, low PCV2 antigen-positive cells, as well as improved body weight gain, comparable to piglets vaccinated with a commercial PCV2 subunit vaccine. These results further demonstrated that the recombinant flagellin-Cap fusion protein is capable of inducing solid protective humoral and cellular immunity when administered to pigs, thereby becoming an effective PCV2 vaccine candidate for control of PCV2 infection.     

Detection of porcine parvovirus using a taqman-based real-time pcr with primers and probe designed for the NS1 gene

A TaqMan-based real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay was devised for the detection of porcine parvovirus (PPV). Two primers and a TaqMan probe for the non-structural protein NS1 gene were designed. The detection limit was 1 x 102 DNA copies/μL, and the assay was linear in the range of 1 x 102 to 1 x 10? copies/μL. There was no cross-reaction with porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), pseudorabies virus (PRV), classical swine fever virus (CSFV), or Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV). The assay was specific and reproducible. In 41 clinical samples, PPV was detected in 32 samples with the real-time PCR assay and in only 11 samples with a conventional PCR assay. The real-time assay using the TaqMan-system can therefore be practically used for studying the epidemiology and management of PPV.     

嵌合猪圆环病毒PCV1-2的构建及其感染性初步鉴定

猪Ⅱ型圆环病毒(PCV2)是当前严重危害养猪业的重要病原之一。目前,世界上还没有有效疫苗用于该病毒的免疫预防。该研究利用PCR方法,将PCV2的ORF2基因替换猪Ⅰ型圆环病毒(PCV1)的ORF2基因,构建了以PCV1基因组为骨架的嵌合病毒(PCV1-2)分子克隆(pSK2PCV1-2)。将该分子克隆转染PK-15细胞并连续盲传5代,用RT-PCR方法可以在转染后盲传的细胞中检测到PCV1的ORF1 mRNA和PCV2的ORF2 mRNA,但检测不到PCV1的ORF2 mRNA和PCV2的ORF1 mRNA。间接免疫荧光检测显示在盲传第5代的细胞中有PCV2 ORF2蛋白的表达,表达蛋白主要分布于细胞核。该研究初步证实构建的PCV1-2分子克隆转染细胞后可以形成具有感染性的嵌合病毒,从而为更深入研究嵌合病毒生物学特性奠定了基础。     

An experimental live chimeric porcine circovirus 1-2a vaccine decreases porcine circovirus 2b viremia when administered intramuscularly or orally in a porcine circovirus 2b and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus dual-challenge model

Commercially available inactivated vaccines against porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) have been shown to be effective in reducing PCV2 viremia. Live-attenuated, orally administered vaccines are widely used in the swine industry for several pathogens because of their ease of use yet they are not currently available for PCV2 and efficacy. The aims of this study were to determine the efficacy of a live-attenuated chimeric PCV2 vaccine in a dual-challenge model using PCV2b and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) and to compare intramuscular (IM) and oral (PO) routes of vaccination. Eighty-three 2-week-old pigs were randomized into 12 treatment groups: four vaccinated IM, four vaccinated PO and four non-vaccinated (control) groups. Vaccination was performed at 3 weeks of age using a PCV1-2a live-attenuated vaccine followed by no challenge, or challenge with PCV2b, PRRSV or a combination of PCV2b and PRRSV at 7 weeks of age. IM administration of the vaccine elicited an anti-PCV2 antibody response between 14 and 28 days post vaccination, 21/28 of the pigs being seropositive prior to challenge. In contrast, the anti-PCV2 antibody response in PO vaccinated pigs was delayed, only 1/27 of the pigs being seropositive at challenge. At 21 days post challenge, PCV2 DNA loads were reduced by 80.4% in the IM vaccinated groups and by 29.6% in the PO vaccinated groups. PCV1-2a (vaccine) viremia was not identified in any of the pigs. Under the conditions of this study, the live attenuated PCV1-2a vaccine was safe and provided immune protection resulting in reduction of viremia. The IM route provided the most effective protection.