冬瓜和节瓜DNA提取及RAPD反应体系优化

以8份冬瓜和节瓜为材料,采用改良CTAB法提取基因组DNA,采用正交试验设计,对冬瓜和节瓜RAPD条件进行了优化,建立了最佳反应体系:25μL反应体系中含1×buffer,模板DNA、Mg2+、dNTPs、引物和Taq酶的浓度分别为20 ng、2.0mmol/L、0.24 mmol/L、0.3μmol/L和1.0 U。PCR扩增程序为:94℃预变性5 min;94℃变性45 s,36.9℃退火45 s,72℃延伸1.5min,共40个循环;72℃延伸10 min,12℃保存。     

三角梅ISSR反应体系的建立和优化

对影响三角梅ISSR-PCR扩增反应的各个参数进行优化,建立适合三角梅的ISSR反应体系:PCR反应体积为20μL,其中10×buffer(含Mg2+)2.0μL,dNTP250μmol/L,Taq酶1.0U,引物0.3μmol/L,模板DNA20ng。扩增程序:94℃预变性5min;94℃变性1min,51.6℃退火1min,72℃延伸2min,34个循环;最后72℃延伸7min。该反应体系标记点位清晰、稳定、重复性好,适宜三角梅ISSR分析,为应用ISSR技术鉴定三角梅种质资源、分子标记辅助选择育种及其遗传多样性研究奠定了基础。     

桔梗SRAP反应体系的优化

目的：建立适合桔梗的比较稳定的SRAP反应体系,用于桔梗遗传多样性分析。方法：用改进的CTAB法提取桔梗叶片的总DNA,通过对不同镁离子浓度、dNTP浓度、模板DNA含量、引物浓度、DNA聚合酶量条件下的SRAP扩增反应的效果。结果：桔梗SRAP扩增反应的最佳体系：模板DNA 20ng,引物0.8μmol/L,dNTP150μmol/L,MgCl22.0mmol/L,TaqDNA聚合酶1unit,10×Buffer2.0μL;反应程序为94℃预变性5min;94℃变性1min,35℃退火1min,72℃延伸1min,5个循环;94℃变性1min,50℃退火1min,72℃延伸1min,35个循环;最后72℃延伸5min,4℃保存。结论：按此优化的SRAP条件进行实验,重现性良好,可用于桔梗遗传多样性分析。     

南药益智ITS-PCR体系的建立与优化

为了建立适合南药益智的ITS-PCR体系来研究不同地理居群益智遗传多样性,本研究利用植物基因组试剂盒法提取益智基因组DNA为模板,采用单因素和正交试验对ITS-PCR过程中的关键影响因素进行优化,并对ITS-PCR产物进行测序鉴定。实验结果表明最佳ITS-PCR反应体系(25μL)为:Taq酶1.0 U,d NTPs 4 mmol/L,Mg2+0.5 mmol/L,引物2.0μmol/L,模板20 ng,10×PCR Buffer(不含Mg2+)2.5μL;最佳扩增程序为:94℃预变性2 min;94℃变性30 s,55℃退火30 s,72℃延伸1 min,共32个循环;最后72℃延伸5 min。采用该最佳体系对益智基因组DNA进行PCR扩增,获得扩增产物经单向测序获得了益智ITS部分序列。建立了稳定的ITS-PCR体系,为研究益智遗传多样性分析奠定了基础。     

药用植物草珊瑚RAPD扩增条件优化

采用CTAB-DNA提取方法,从草珊瑚植物的嫩叶中提取总DNA。以此DNA为模板,优化了草珊瑚RAPD-PCR的反应条件。结果表明,PCR扩增体系最适宜的条件为:反应体积25μL,内含2.5mmol/L Mg2+、1.0UDNA聚合酶、0.4μmol/L引物、60ng模板DNA和0.16mmol/L dNTP。扩增程序为:94℃预变性2min;94℃变性30s,37℃复性30s,72℃延伸80s,40个循环;72℃延伸10min;4℃保存10min。     

兰属SRAP-PCR反应体系的建立与优化

为获得兰属清晰的SRAP标记图谱,对兰属SRAP-PCR反应体系进行了初步探讨,建立了扩增多态性高、重复性好、带型清晰的SRAP-PCR反应体系。最佳反应体系：在30 μL反应总体系中,Mg2+ 2.2 mmol/L、dNTPs 0.8 mmol/L、DNA模板150 ng、DNA聚合酶2.0 U,上、下游引物各1.5 μmol/L;扩增程序：在94 ℃预变性4 min,反应前5个循环在94 ℃变性1 min、35 ℃复性1 min、72 ℃延伸1 min的条件下运行,随后的30个循环复性温度提高至55 ℃,最后72 ℃延伸5 min．     

珍稀植物杨叶肖槿ISSR体系建立及检测

针对珍稀植物杨叶肖槿ISSR反应的特点,建立了适用于杨叶肖槿遗传多样性研究的ISSR最适反应体系,具体包括:2.0μL 10×Buffer,27.5ng的模板DNA,2.0μL的dNTP,1U的Pyrobest DNA酶,1.25μmol/L的引物;最佳反应程序为94℃预变性5min,然后94℃变性1min,49℃退火45s,72℃延伸1min,35个循环;最后72℃延伸10min,4℃终止反应。应用该优化的反应体系筛选出了10条稳定性强、清晰度高而且表现出一定多态性的ISSR引物,并对杨叶肖槿进行了检测,获得了清晰稳定的扩增图谱。     

高质量人体粪便细菌16S rDNA V3区扩增方法

[目的]为获得应用于二代测序的高质量16S r DNA V3区PCR产物。[方法]以从人体粪便中提取微生物总DNA为模板,通过梯度PCR和touchdown PCR技术确定了循环条件,并通过调整反应体系中的相关浓度参数以使扩增结果得到优化。[结果]最终确定的循环条件为预变性95℃3 min,变性95℃30 s,退火69℃~62℃每个循环退火温度降0.5℃,退火时间30 s,延伸72℃60 s,共15个循环;变性95℃30 s,退火62℃30 s,延伸72℃60 s,共15个循环,最后72℃延伸5 min。反应体系为:在50μL体系中DNA模板量10~25 ng,pfu酶0.25~0.5 U,正反向引物均为0.06~0.1μmol/L,d NTPs浓度0.2~0.4 mmol/L,Mg2+浓度2~2.5 mmol/L。[结论]梯度PCR与touchdown PCR相结合可快速确定最佳的退火温度以及循环条件,通过调整反应体系中浓度参数可以解决扩增中一些问题。     

草鱼TRAP-PCR反应体系的建立

目的:通过优化草鱼TRAP-PCR反应体系,将新型分子标记-靶位区域扩增多态性(target region amplified polymorphism,TRAP)引用到草鱼遗传多样性研究中。方法:以草鱼DNA为材料,分析了模板DNA、Mg2 、dNTPs、引物浓度,以及循环参数、退火温度对TRAP-PCR扩增结果的影响。结果:确立了稳定性强、重复性好的草鱼TRAP-PCR最佳反应体系和扩增参数:在25μl的PCR反应体系中,含约50ng模板DNA,1UTaq酶,1×PCR缓冲液,2.0mmol/L MgCl2,4种dNTPs各0.2mmol/L,固定引物与随机引物各15pmol;首先使模板在94℃变性3min;然后94℃变性1min,38℃退火1min,72℃延伸lmin进行5个循环;接着94℃变性45s,55℃退火45s,72℃延伸lmin再进行35个循环,最后72℃延伸7min。结论:TRAP-PCR反应体系稳定可靠,该新型分子标记可应用于草鱼遗传多样性研究中。     

广西甜茶ISSR-PCR反应条件的建立与优化

为了探讨广西甜茶ISSR实验中的多种因素对实验结果的影响,采用单因素法对PCR反应体系中的5个潜在因素(Mg2+, dNTP,引物, Taq酶和模板DNA)在5水平上进行优化实验,并进一步优化了反应程序中的退火温度和循环次数。结果表明：25滋L的最佳反应体系为,1×PCR Buffer、MgCl22.0 mmol/L、dNTP 0.2 mmol/L、引物0.8滋mol/L、Taq DNA聚合酶0.75 U、模板DNA 80 ng;最佳反应程序为：在94℃下进行3 min预变性;随后循环扩增35次(包括94℃变性1 min,54℃退火1 min,72℃延伸1 min);最后在72℃下延伸10 min。本研究建立的广西甜茶的最佳ISSR-PCR反应条件为进一步进行遗传多样性研究奠定了基础。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.