日粮添加海藻粉和抗菌肽对海兰褐蛋鸡产蛋性能的影响

采用4×2（海藻粉×抗菌肽）完全随机试验设计,研究日粮添加不同水平的海藻粉（0．0％、1．0％、3．0％、5．0％）和抗菌肽（300 mg/kg、600 mg/kg）对蛋鸡不同产蛋期（24～27周龄和28～31周龄）产蛋性能的影响。结果表明：（1）日粮海藻粉的添加水平显著提高了产蛋率和料蛋比（P＜0．05）。（2）抗菌肽添加水平在28～31周龄显著提高了产蛋率（P＜0．05）。（3）海藻粉和抗菌肽互作效应显著提高了产蛋率和料蛋比（P＜0．05）。结果提示,海藻粉和抗菌肽对蛋鸡产蛋性能的影响存在互作效应,以海藻粉5％、抗菌肽300 mg/kg水平组合最为理想。     

固定化微环境对酿酒酵母代谢的影响

本文报道不同载体固定化酵母的某些代谢行为和细胞形态。观察到以海藻酸钙凝胶固定酵母,其发酵液总挥发酸量、乙酸量分别比自然细胞减少25．8％和50．O％,而丁二酸量高出自然细胞36．5％。以海藻酸钙,聚乙烯醇凝胶固定酵母,其氨基氮的利用率比自然细胞分别提高31．1％和34．1％,在固定化前后、酵母菌对各种a-氨基酸的利用速度亦都发生明显的变化。电镜观察,酿酒酵母的细胞膜内陷、形成“凹池”。     

海藻酸盐裂解酶研究进展

海藻酸盐裂解酶是一类降解褐藻中海藻酸盐的酶。此酶已经在多种有机体中得到分离。对海藻酸盐裂解酶的生物特性、研究方法及其生物学功能进行了介绍。在酶学特性研究的基础上 ,通过酶解构建新型海藻酸盐多聚物 ,可增强和扩展海藻酸盐裂解酶在工业、农业、医药领域中的应用 ,使其在海藻多糖的高值化应用中发挥重要的作用。概述了海藻酸盐和海藻酸盐裂解酶过去和现在的研究状况 ,展望了海藻酸盐和海藻酸盐裂解酶将来的应用前景。     

固定化简单节杆菌细胞用于醋酸可的松转化的研究——固定化载体对转化作用的影响

海藻酸钙包埋简单节杆菌细施回收率达89％。将凝胶用磷酸缓冲液溶解后测定活力证明固定化过程对细胞活力没有显著影响,但转化高浓度底物时,有效活力很低。将菌种接八聚丙烯酰胺凝胶后进行培养、活化,制得了高活力的固定化细胞,可用于转化高浓度的底物。测得产物醋酸泼尼松在海藻酸钙和聚丙烯酰胺凝胶中与溶液间的分配系数分别为1．29和 O．69。作者认为产物的亲凝胶性可能是阻碍海藻酸钙凝胶包埋细胞进行转化反应的重要因素。     

不同形状人造海藻对海水青鳉(Oryzias melastigma)产卵特性的影响

以一种新兴的海洋模式生物海水青鳉(Oryzias melastigma)为研究对象,采用4种人造海藻模拟了自然海藻影响海水青鳉产卵的生态作用。结果表明:海藻对海水青鳉产卵具有明显的促进作用;两两交叉放入人造海藻,海水青鳉在球状或海葵状海藻的挂卵量显著高于其他人造海藻(P0.01);4种人造海藻同时存在时,海水青鳉几乎不在玻璃空地产卵,在球状海藻的挂卵数最高(176±47 eggs·d-1),其次为海葵状海藻(89±32 eggs·d-1),显著高于树状海藻和大叶海藻(P0.01);球状海藻和海葵状海藻上的挂卵数呈现出此消彼长的动态,最终海葵状海藻的挂卵数超过了球状海藻。由此推测,海水鱼类在产卵过程中对海藻的物理结构具有明显选择性。本研究结果为进一步开展中国海洋渔业资源修复工作提供了一定的理论依据。     

海藻酸裂解酶酶学与基因工程研究进展及应用

海藻中富含海藻酸盐,海藻酸裂解酶降解后产生的寡糖物质具有很强的生物活性及益生作用,酶法降解海藻酸盐的生物降解取代传统的化学降解已日益受到人们的关注,就海藻酸盐降解酶的来源、作用机制、应用效果和影响因素进行了全面综述,阐明了海藻酸盐降解酶的研究具有显著的理论意义和应用价值。     

嵊泗列岛潮间带大型海藻群落结构的季节变化

于2010年8月-2011年8月对嵊泗列岛潮间带大型海藻进行调查.结果表明:共有大型海藻114种,隶属3门53属,其中红藻门33属75种,占总数的65.8％,褐藻门13属21种,占18.4％,绿藻门7属18种,占15.8％;枸杞最多(87种),金平其次(42种),马关最少(26种);79.8％海藻分布在低潮带,62.3％分布在中潮带,种类组成相似性指数中、低潮带为0.57,高、中潮带为0.15,高、低潮带为0.06;种类组成夏季(57种)＞冬季(55种)＞春季(52种)＞秋季(46种),春季优势种有裙带菜、孔石莼、长石莼和厚膜藻等,夏季优势种为瓦氏马尾藻、粗枝软骨藻、鼠尾藻和麒麟菜等,秋季优势种为江蓠、小杉藻、鼠尾藻和石莼等,冬季优势种为萱藻、圆紫菜、鼠尾藻和日本多管藻等.     

海藻酸铝固定化酵母生产高浓度酒精的研究

以海藻酸铝凝胶代替海藻酸钙,可使固定化酵母使用寿命显著延长,其海藻酸铝凝胶耐磷酸盐能力比海藻酸钙凝胶提高六倍以上。用海藻酸铝固定化增殖酵母进行分批发酵酒精,成熟醪中酒精含量由３．５％－９．０％（Ｖ／Ｖ）提高到１１．０％（Ｖ／Ｖ）左右。在１．１Ｌ的两个多层生物反应器中,装入海藻酸铝固定化增殖酵母,采用逐步提高糖浓度方法,进行连续发酵,成熟醪接收器中酒精浓度平均为１０．３％（Ｖ／Ｖ）,总糖利用率为９２．４％。     

海藻多糖化学及生物活性的研究进展

海藻多糖具有多种生物活性,在生物体内起着重要作用,现已成为海藻研究的热点。本文综述了海藻多糖的种类,海藻多糖的提取、分离与提纯技术,海藻多糖性质的测定方法及海藻多糖的生物活性。     

海南几种海藻营养成分分析

马尾藻、麒麟菜、江蓠和裙带菜等都是在海南较为常见的海藻品种,本文四种海藻的蛋白质、脂肪、粗纤维等营养成分进行分析,为海南及三亚海藻养殖、加工产业和海藻功能的开发和利用奠定了一定的理论基础。     

Cellulose powder from Cladophora sp. algae

The surface are and crystallinity was measured on a cellulose powder made from Cladophora sp. algae. The algae cellulose powder was found to have a very high surface area (63.4 m2/g, N2 gas adsorption) and build up of cellulose with a high crystallinity (approximately 100%, solid state NMR). The high surface area was confirmed by calculations from atomic force microscope imaging of microfibrils from Cladophora sp. algae.     

Induction of a protective antibody response to FMDV in mice following oral immunization with transgenic <Emphasis Type="Italic">Stylosanthes</Emphasis> spp. as a feedstuff additive

The expression of antigens in transgenic plants has increasingly been used as an alternative to the classical methodologies for the development of experimental vaccines, and it remains one of the real challenges in this field to use transgenic plant-based vaccines effectively as feedstuff additives. We report herein the development of a new oral immunization system for foot and mouth disease with the structural protein VP1 of the foot and mouth disease virus (FMDV) produced in transgenic Stylosanthes guianensis cv. Reyan II. The transgenic plantlets were identified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), Southern blotting, and northern blotting; and the production of VP1 protein in transgenic plants was confirmed and quantified by western blotting and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). Six transformed lines were obtained, and the level of the expressed protein was 0.1–0.5% total soluble protein (TSP). Mice that were orally immunized using studded feedstuff mixed with desiccated powder of the transgenic plants developed a virus-specific immune response to the structural VP1 and intact FMDV particles. To our knowledge, this is the first report of transgenic plants expressing the antigen protein of FMDV as feedstuff additives that has demonstrated the induction of a protective systemic antibody response in animals. These results support the feasibility of producing edible vaccines from transgenic forage plants, and provide proof of the possibility of using plant-based vaccines as feedstuff additives.     

Selective separation of cis-trans geometrical isomers of beta-carotene via CO2 supercritical fluid extraction

We investigated a novel method for the selective separation of beta-carotene isomers from a freeze-dried powder of the algae Dunaliella bardawil using supercritical fluid extraction. The separation method relies on the different dissolution rate of the 9Z and all-E isomers of beta-carotene in SC-CO(2). At first, the equilibrium solubility of the two isomers in SC-CO(2) was determined at the extraction conditions of 44.8 MPa and 40 degrees C. The solubility of the 9Z isomer was found to be nearly 4 times higher than that of the all-E isomer (1.92 x 10(-5) g all-E isomer/g CO(2) compared to 7.64 x 10(-5) g 9Z isomer/g CO(2)). When supercritical fluid extraction was applied to a carotenoid concentrate from the algae (29 wt% beta-carotene) or a freeze-dried powder of the algae (3.1% beta-carotene), a selective separation of the 9Z/all-E isomers of beta-carotene was obtained. Thirty-nine percent recovery of beta-carotene with 80% purity of 9Z isomer was achieved at the initial stages of extraction (40 mL CO(2)). The extraction rate of beta-carotene from the freeze-dried algae powder was slower than that from the carotenoid concentrate, resulting in a reduction in the recovery and purity of the 9Z isomer. This indicates that even at the initial stage of the extraction the internal mass resistance is significant. Isomer purity and recovery could be enhanced upon grinding of the algae powder.     

Influence ofParthenium hysterophorus L. on native soil algal flora

Soil was amended with powder from air-dried leaves, inflorescences or roots ofParthenium hysterophorus L. at 1, 2 and 5 per cent (w/w) levels, and inhibitory effect towards indigenous algal population was assessed. The inhibition of algae was more pronounced in the soil amended with leaf material followed by treatments with inflorescence and least with root powder. Higher levels (2 and 5%) of leaf and inflorescence amendment resulted in a greater inhibition of the algae.     

草鱼生长阶段对赖氨酸需要量的研究

采用生长研究法来确定约草鱼的赖氨酸需要量,并对血清、肌肉和肝脏的游离赖氨酸迸行了检测.结果表明,按生长率最大值所确定的幼草鱼赖氨酸需要量为饲料中的1.611%按血清游离赖氨酸浓度最大值所确定的赖氨酸需要量为饲料的1.28%,明显低于生长研究法确定的结果.用肝脏和肌肉游离赖氨酸浓度为指标确定的赖氨酸需要量分别为饲料的1.46%和1.49%,这与生长研究法确定的赖氨酸需要量较接近.     

A value added manure management system using the black soldier fly

A manure management system for laying hens using the black soldier fly, Hermetia illucens (L.) converted manure to a 42% protein, 35% fat feedstuff, reduced manure accumulation by at least 50% and eliminated house fly breeding. No extra facility or added energy was required. Mature larvae self-harvested producing a feedstuff as they attempted to pupate. Optimal feedstuff to manure dry matter yield was 7·8%. This insect occurs worldwide in tropical and warm-temperature regions and can digest many biological wastes.     

野艾蒿及其有机提取物对铜绿微囊藻生长的抑制作用

通过植物与藻共培养实验,比较3种常见陆生菊科植物野艾蒿(Artemisia lavandulaefolia)、小白酒草(Conyza canadensis)、杭白菊(Chrysanthemum morifolium)的抑藻能力。结果表明野艾蒿和小白酒草能够适应水培,野艾蒿和杭白菊(后期为残体)抑藻能力较强,10d后对起始藻浓度为2×106cells/ml的铜绿微囊藻(Microcystic aeruginosa)生长的抑制率分别为93.3%和90.8%,对4×106cells/ml铜绿微囊藻抑制率分别为89.3%和79.2%。利用3种极性不同的有机溶剂(乙醇、正己烷、乙酸乙酯)提取野艾蒿干粉中的抑藻活性物质并进行生物检测,结果显示挥干溶剂后3种提取物都有较强抑藻能力,其中乙酸乙酯提取物抑藻能力最强,用线性拟合得到0.83g/L提取物72h后抑藻率达100%。研究表明,陆生菊科植物具有抑藻效果,野艾蒿具有应用于水体富营养化的治理和开发新型抑藻剂的潜力。     

红树植物干粉和新鲜组织水提物对两种赤潮藻的化感抑制效应

通过测定藻细胞密度,研究了5种红树植物木榄、秋茄、海漆、海芒果、小花老鼠簕水提物对赤潮藻球形棕囊藻和赤潮异弯藻的化感抑制效应,探讨了高温处理对化感抑藻效应的影响.研究结果表明,红树植物干粉水提物和新鲜组织水提物对两种赤潮藻均显示出显著的化感抑制作用.第5 d,红树植物干粉水提物对2种赤潮藻的抑制效果依次为:海漆>秋茄>小花老鼠簕>木榄>海芒果.新鲜组织水提物抑藻效果最强的红树植物是木榄和秋茄.秋茄和海漆水提物中的抑藻化感物质对高温相对不稳定,木榄和小花老鼠簕水提物中的抑藻化感物质对高温相对比较稳定.     

Hydrophobic Components in Delipidated Granule of Egg Yolk

Dimethyl sulfide (DMS) is volatile compound important as one of the characteristic flavor compounds of marine food products. The precursor of DMS in marine products is dimethyl-β- propiothetin (DMPT), which is abundunt in green algae. DMPT was effectively extracted by the use of hydrophilic solvents from dried hitoegusa (Monostroma nitidum), a green alga. At around pH 4 and at over pH 9, the extracted DMPT was rapidly degraded to DMS; at around pH 7.5, this degradation was much slower. The DMS obtained volatilized immediately from aqueous solution. However, when the DMPT was formed into a powder with dextrin and heated to release the DMS, 40 — 60% of the DMS remained in the powder. The amount of DMS remaining was 80 % when cyclodextrin was used to form the powder.     

The controversial effects of dehydrated powder of Gracilaria birdiae as a food supplement to juvenile male rats

Journal of Applied Phycology - The present study aimed to characterize in vitro antioxidant properties of red algae (Gracilaria birdiae) powder and to investigate its potential protective and...