穗醋栗dfr的克隆及其在果实成熟过程中的表达

对穗醋栗花色苷合成的分子机理知之甚少。拟探究穗醋栗花色苷合成关键基因dfr对不同颜色醋栗花色苷的影响,以黑穗醋栗(Ribes nigrum L.)、红穗醋栗(Ribes rubrum L.)和白穗醋栗(Ribes albrum L.)果实为试材,通过RACE方法克隆二氢黄酮醇4-还原酶(dfr)基因cDNA全长序列,分别命名为Rndfr、Rrdfr和Radfr(KY786100、KY786101和KY786102)。系统发育分析表明,Rndfr、Rrdfr和Radfr在进化上具有较高的同源性。测定果实发育不同时期的花色苷含量,结果显示,黑穗醋栗和红穗醋栗花色苷含量较高且随着果实的发育成熟而逐渐增加。而白色醋栗中花色苷含量极低,几乎检测不到花色苷。定量PCR分析表明,dfr在黑穗醋栗中的表达量在果实成熟的各个时期均高于红穗和白穗醋栗。随着果实直径不断变大和果皮着色加深,在黑穗醋栗中,dfr的表达量总体呈现持续上升的趋势;在红穗醋栗中,果实着色约75%时dfr的表达量最高,之后下降;在白穗醋栗中,dfr的表达量总体呈现下降趋势,其表达量最低。推测dfr基因在醋栗果实呈色中发挥作用。     

黑穗醋栗红色素的研究

黑穗醋栗(Ribes nigrum L.)别名黑豆、黑加伦、斯马劳金、紫梅等,为虎耳草科茶藨子属(Ribs)的多年生小灌木,果实成熟后呈黑紫色浆果。原产于欧洲,我国栽培的黑穗醋栗系十月革命后由俄侨引入,主要栽培于东北三省,以黑龙江和吉林省面积最大。当前,黑穗醋栗果实主要用于酿造高级果酒如黑加伦酒、黑加伦香槟酒以及汽水等。由于栽培面积迅速发展,产量越来越大,只靠造酒是用不完的,有过剩的趋势。黑穗醋栗果实营养丰富,含有大量红色素。为了充分利用这一资源,我们进行了色素的提取和性质试验,现将结果报告如下。     

穗醛栗叶片中黄酮类物质的研究

本试验以小浆果类果树穗醋栗（黑、红、白）的叶片为试材,利用分光光度法。测定了三种穗醋栗叶（鲜样、干样）中总黄酮的含量及不同提取次数下总黄酮的浸提率,确定了最佳提取次数。结果表明：白穗醋栗叶片中总黄酮含量最高,鲜样785．10mg/100g,干样189.01mg/100g;红穗醋栗叶片次之,鲜样393.22mg／100g,干样1597.73mg／100g;黑穗醋栗叶片中总黄酮含量相对较少,鲜样151.59mg/100g,干样265.03mg/100g。三种穗醋栗叶片浸提三次,总黄酮的浸提率可达到97％以上。此外,利用定性试验（颜色反应）并和标准品芦丁的试验做比较,初步确定三种穗醋栗叶片所含的黄酮类化合物主要是黄酮和黄酮醇两类。     

菘蓝IiEMF基因的克隆与功能分析

该研究以菘蓝(Isatis indigotica Fort.)转录组数据为基础,克隆得到菘蓝EMF基因的cDNA全长,命名为IiEMF。(1)序列分析表明,IiEMF基因开放阅读框长度为1896 bp,编码631个氨基酸。进化树分析表明,菘蓝IiEMF蛋白与甘蓝(Brassica oleracea)EMF蛋白亲缘关系最为接近。(2)实时定量PCR结果显示,IiEMF在菘蓝不同器官中均有表达,且在叶中表达量最高,果实中表达量最低;IiEMF基因在菘蓝抽薹开花过程中叶内的表达量呈先升后降的趋势,并于初花期表达量达到最高后逐渐降低回落;在花/果期IiEMF基因表达量较花蕾中明显降低。(3)成功构建了超表达载体pCAMBIA1300-EMF,经农杆菌介导侵染拟南芥,PCR鉴定表明,有7株为超表达转IiEMF基因植株。(4)表型观察发现,在长日照和短日照条件下,与野生型相比2个转IiEMF基因拟南芥株系的开花时间都明显较早(提前6~10 d),且转IiEMF基因株系的莲座叶数比野生型多10片以上,叶片也比野生型大而肥厚。(5)qRT-PCR检测结果显示,在拟南芥营养生长过程中,过表达IiEMF显著抑制了拟南芥AtAP1、AtCO和AtLFY的表达,而促进了AtFLC的表达;当拟南芥开花时,转基因株系中的AtAP1和AtFLC表达量均高于野生型,AtCO和AtLFY的表达量显著低于野生型。研究表明,过量表达IiEMF基因能够促使拟南芥提前开花,且IiEMF可能是通过影响多种开花途径来共同调节促进拟南芥的早花。     

石榴种皮木质素合成相关转录因子基因PgMYB的克隆与表达

为初步探讨石榴(Punica granatum L.)籽粒硬度产生机理及转录因子基因PgMYB在石榴种皮木质素生物合成途径中的作用,测定了不同石榴品种籽粒硬度及种皮总木质素含量并分析两者关系,利用RT-PCR结合RACE技术,克隆了‘红玉石籽’石榴的1个MYB转录因子基因(PgMYB),通过实时荧光定量PCR技术分析了PgMYB的相对表达量。结果表明:(1)石榴籽粒硬度与种皮总木质素含量呈显著正相关关系,相关系数为0.906。(2)PgMYB基因cDNA全长1 088bp,开放阅读框921bp,编码蛋白由306个氨基酸组成,N端具有2个MYB DNA结合结构域,是植物中一个典型的R2R3-MYB转录因子;同源分析显示,该基因编码的氨基酸序列与银合欢的MYB1和拟南芥的MYB4一致性分别高达89%和84%。(3)在不同籽粒硬度石榴品种中PgMYB的表达与籽粒硬度和种皮总木质素含量呈负相关关系。(4)在石榴各个发育时期中,PgMYB表达与种皮总木质素含量同样呈负相关关系。推测该基因可能抑制石榴种皮总木质素的生物合成。     

生长素结合蛋白cDNA的克隆及其在黄瓜中的表达

利用RT_PCR方法从拟南芥 (Arabidopsisthaliana (L .)Heynh .)中克隆了生长素结合蛋白 (auxinbindingprotein 1 )cDNA ,进行了全序列测定。将该基因克隆在pBI1 2 1的 35S启动子和Nos终止子之间 ,得到植物表达载体p35EZ。通过根癌农杆菌 (Agrobacteriumtumefaciens (SmithetTownsend)Conn)介导的方法转化黄瓜 (CucumissativusL .)。对转基因植株进行了PCR和Southern检测。所得到的转基因黄瓜植株单性结实能力增强。     

地黄RgMYB10基因的克隆与表达分析

MYB转录因子是植物最大的转录因子家族之一,广泛参与植物的生长发育、逆境胁迫和次生代谢产物积累。该研究通过同源比对和功能注释,在地黄(Rehmannia glutinosa)转录组中筛选出MYB的转录本,设计特异性引物对MYB基因的cDNA序列进行PCR扩增,用水杨酸(SA)、Ag⁺、茉莉酸甲酯(MeJA)和腐胺(Put)这4种诱导子处理地黄毛状根,并通过实时荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)检测候选MYB基因的表达。结果显示:(1)成功克隆到1个地黄MYB基因,命名为RgMYB10;该基因编码247个氨基酸残基,蛋白质相对分子质量28.48 kD,等电点为5.14,属于R2R3-MYB转录因子。(2)qRT-PCR结果显示,RgMYB10在须根中表达量最高,其次为茎,块根中的表达量最低。(3)RgMYB10在MeJA处理后的毛状根中显著上调表达,为特异响应MeJA诱导的基因,推测RgMYB10基因可能是响应MeJA参与地黄毛蕊花糖苷生物合成的关键转录因子。研究表明,地黄MYB10基因可能参与地黄毛蕊花糖苷的生物合成,为进一步研究MYB10基因在地黄毛蕊花糖苷合成中的功能奠定了基础。     

柑橘MYB15基因的克隆与表达分析

采用电子克隆和RT-PCR方法从柚(Citrus maxima(Burm.)Merr.)、枳(Poncirus trifoliata(L.)Raf.)和柠檬(Citrus limon(L.)Burm.f.)实生苗中克隆了3个MYB蛋白基因,分别命名为CmMYB15、PtMYB15和ClMYB15;并用实时定量qRT-PCR技术检测了该基因在脱落酸(ABA)、干旱、低温和高盐胁迫处理下的时空表达。结果显示,CmMYB15、PtMYB15和ClMYB15的cDNA序列全长分别为994、992、988 bp,分别编码267、266、265个氨基酸,且编码的氨基酸序列N端均含有2个串联的不完全重复的MYB DNA-binding结构域,由此推测该3个基因均属于R2R3亚类;MYB15基因均能被ABA、干旱、低温和高盐胁迫诱导表达,且在柚、枳和柠檬中存在表达差异。本研究表明柚CmMYB15、枳PtMYB15和柠檬ClMYB15是MYB基因家族成员,可能在柑橘响应非生物胁迫过程中起到一定的作用。     

生长素结合蛋白cDNA的克隆及其在黄瓜中的表达

利用RT_PCR方法从拟南芥（Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh.）中克隆了生长素结合蛋白（auxin binding protein 1）cDNA,进行了全序列测定。将该基因克隆在pBI121的35 S启动子和Nos终止子之间,得到植物表达载体p35EZ。通过根癌农杆菌（Agrobacterium tumefaciens (Smith et Townsend) Conn）介导的方法转化黄瓜(Cucumis sativus L.)。对转基因植株进行了PCR和Southern检测。所得到的转基因黄瓜植株单性结实能力增强。     

甜樱桃PacMYBA基因的克隆及在果实生长期的表达

为探讨MYB基因在甜樱桃(Prunus avium L.)果实着色过程中的作用,采用RT-PCR克隆得到甜樱桃的一个MYB基因,Pac MYBA,其c DNA全长为946 bp,该段全长序列包含的开放阅读框(ORF)为687 bp,编码228个氨基酸的蛋白质,该蛋白相对分子质量为26.4 k D,等电点为9.0,是不稳定性蛋白,具有强亲水性,在N端有2个MYB DNA结合域。通过实时荧光定量PCR分析结果发现,Pac MYBA在甜樱桃中的表达水平与果实总花青素含量呈正相关,二者均在果实转色阶段后期维持较高的水平,推测Pac MYBA基因在调控"红灯"甜樱桃果实花青素合成起着重要作用。     

Anticandidal effect of berry juices and extracts from Ribes species

The biological activities of fruit juices and pomace (skin, seeds) extracts from blackcurrant (Ribes nigrum), gooseberry (Ribes uva-crispa) and their hybrid plant (jostaberry, Ribes × nidigrolaria) were evaluated against the most frequently isolated twelve human pathogenic Candida species by broth dilution tests. The phenolic content of juice, water and methanol extracts were measured and the relationship with antifungal activity was assessed. Growth of the most Candida species was inhibited, with the exception of C. albicans, C. krusei, C. lusitaniae and C. pulcherrima. R. nigrum, with the highest phenol content, was observed to have the highest anticandidal activity, indicating a positive correlation between phenol content and antifungal activity.     

山东茶藨子属1新记录植物——美丽茶藨子

报道了山东茶藨子属1新记录植物——美丽茶藨子。研究了其形态、叶表皮微形态和花结构等特征,探讨了其区系地理学意义。结果表明,美丽茶藨子在山东邹城凤凰山的分布,应该是其现在自然分布区的最东南边界。     

Estimation of heterozygosity in Ribes nigrum L. using RAPD markers

Heterozygosity in three cultivars of the blackcurrant (Ribes nigrum L.) was estimated. A selfed population of each cultivar was screened for Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA markers (RAPDs) and heterozygous loci were identified by band segregation in contrast with the non-segregation of homozygous loci. On average, 21% of the loci scored in each cultivar were heterozygous. The implications for mapping studies in Ribes nigrum are discussed.     

Species identification of Cecidophyopsis mites (Acari: Eriophyidae) from different Ribes species and countries using molecular genetics

Cecidophyopsis mites were studied by PCR amplification of parts of their ribosomal DNA, followed by restriction enzyme analysis. Mite specimens on Ribes nigrum (black currant) from six countries gave the same digestion pattern, which was distinct from the pattern for mites found on R. rubrum from Poland and Finland and for R. grossularia from the USA. This suggests that each Ribes species is host to a different mite species: C. ribis, C. selachodon and C. grossulariae, respectively. Two other mite samples from R. alpinum and R. aureum were identical but were distinct from each of the other species.     

Development and characterization of SSR markers in Ribes species

Eleven microsatellite loci were identified and characterized in blackcurrant (Ribes nigrum L.) and related species. An enriched library was constructed and screened with simple sequence repeat (SSR) oligonucleotides. Positive clones were sequenced and primers were designed flanking the repeat motifs. These 11 microsatellites produce amplification products polymorphic across a range of Ribes germplasm, predominantly from the Eucoreosma section of the genus. The number of alleles varied from 2 to 18 with levels of diversity ranging from 0.18 to 0.91.     

Oviposition and larval survival of Dasineura tetensi on four blackcurrant Ribes cultivars

Monitoring of an unsprayed infested fieldsite using watertraps in S.E. Kent revealed four generations of Dasineura tetensi (Rubs) (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) occurring between April and September 1996. Ribes nigrum L. cultivars 'Baldwin' (susceptible), 'Ben Alder' (susceptible) and 'Ben Connan' (resistant) were sampled for eggs in the field and assessed for midge damage throughout the season. Oviposition was indiscriminate, but plant damage varied significantly between cultivars. In laboratory choice experiments, mated female midges showed no preference between susceptible shoots of 'Ben Alder' and resistant shoots of 'Ben Connan' for oviposition. Olfactory responses of D. tetensi to leaf volatiles of 'Ben Alder' and 'Ben Connan' were also tested in a 4-way olfactometer. Mated females did not discriminate between volatiles of susceptible and resistant host plants. Larvae reared on cv. 'Ben Connan' shoots were significantly smaller than those reared on shoots of cv. 'Ben Alder'. Larval antibiosis and not female antixenosis appears to be the main mechanism for resistance to D. tetensi in 'Ben Connan'.     

山茶CjMYB1基因的克隆及表达分析

该研究通过序列比对分析,以野生红山茶和不同花色品种山茶为材料,采用PCR方法克隆CjMYB1基因,并通过生物信息学和表达分析对其进行初步研究,为深入研究山茶CjMYB1基因在花色形成和花发育过程的调控机理奠定理论基础。结果表明：(1)成功克隆获得山茶CjMYB1基因(GenBank登录号为OL347930),其开放阅读框长为879 bp,编码292个氨基酸,相对分子质量为33.17 kD;CjMYB1基因属于R2R3-MYB转录因子,且与拟南芥MYB基因家族的第7亚组处于同一分支。(2)荧光定量PCR分析发现,山茶CjMYB1基因在野生红山茶花芽中表达量最高,在萼片、花瓣、雄蕊和心皮中都有较高的表达量,推测其在山茶花器官发育中发挥着重要作用;在红色山茶品种中表达量较高,而在粉色、淡黄色、白色山茶品种中表达量较低,说明CjMYB1基因可能在红色山茶品种的花色苷合成途径中起到了关键作用。(3)亚细胞定位实验表明,CjMYB1蛋白定位在细胞核。     

RAPD fingerprinting of blackcurrant (Ribes nigrum L.) cultivars

Ribes nigrum germplasm was screened for random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. Fiftyfour markers were identified which generated individual fingerprints for each of 21 cultivars. Genetic variation within R. nigrum germplasm, as detected by RAPDs, demonstrated that the genetic basis for improvement of blackcurrant is narrower than would be expected by the analysis of parentage.     

不同光质对红花檵木愈伤组织生长及黄酮类物质含量的影响

该试验以红花檵木叶片诱导的愈伤组织为试验材料,以黑暗(CK)为对照,分别进行白光(W)、红光(R)、蓝光(B)、蓝紫光(BP)、蓝光+UV-A(B+UV A)和UV-A处理15d和30 d,通过对愈伤组织的生长、生理指标、花色素苷和总黄酮含量的比较分析,探讨光质对红花檵木愈伤组织生长和黄酮类物质含量的影响.结果 显示:...