蓝光对绿豆下胚轴愈伤组织生长和呼吸的影响

与白光和黑暗条件相比,蓝光明显促进绿豆(Vigna radiata (Linn.)Wilczek)下胚轴愈伤组织的形成和生长。培养到18d,蓝光下生长的愈伤组织鲜重分别是白光和黑暗下的120％和191％。三种条件下愈伤组织的呼吸速率有明显的不同,培养5d,呼吸速率以蓝光处理的最高,白光处理的次之,黑暗处理的最低;培养14d,与上述相反,呼吸速率由高到低则依次是黑暗、白光和蓝光。应用呼吸抑制剂碘乙酸、丙二酸和正磷酸钠试验及对6-磷酸-葡萄糖脱氢酶活性测定的结果表明,培养5d,蓝光和白光处理时磷酸已糖支路(HMP)明显增加,被碘乙酸 丙二酸抑制后的呼吸占总呼吸的34％～36％,黑暗处理的仅占总呼吸9％～11％ 绿豆下胚轴愈伤组织中亦存在抗氰交替途径,黑暗处理时,此种途径的最大容量明显高于蓝光和白光处理的,培养14d,黑暗处理占总呼吸的31％左右.而蓝光和白光处理的则占20％以下。     

蓝光对绿豆下胚轴愈伤组织形成和生长过程中蛋白质代谢的影响

蓝光、白光和黑暗对绿豆下胚轴愈伤组织形成和生长过程中蛋白质代谢的影响不同。培养后３～１８ ｄ ,蓝光处理材料的可溶性蛋白质含量明显高于白光处理,更高于黑暗培养的材料。蓝光和白光明显促进３Ｈ亮氨酸掺入蛋白质,而蓝光和白光处理后游离氨基酸含量与黑暗对照相比,下降时间早,幅度大。在培养过程中,蛋白酶活性的变化与游离氨基酸相似。蛋白质合成抑制剂环己酰亚胺（ＣＨＭ） 抑制愈伤组织生长,其中以蓝光最大,白光次之,黑暗最小。在培养基中加入ＣＨＭ 愈早,抑制程度愈大。实验表明,ＣＨＭ 抑制愈伤组织蛋白质合成,也是以蓝光最甚。由此可见,蓝光促进绿豆下胚轴愈伤组织的形成、生长和蛋白质合成。     

镉胁迫对烟草愈伤组织抗氧化系统的影响

镉(Cd)是烟草(Nicotiana tabacum L.)生长的非必需元素,但容易在烟草体内残留,危害其生长发育。本实验设定0~50 mg·L-17个梯度浓度的Cd2+,以MS+1.0mg·L-16-BA+0.5 mg·L-1NAA为基本培养基,诱导产生烟草叶片愈伤组织。待45 d愈伤组织丰富之后,每间隔3 d测定一次烟草愈伤组织内抗氧化系统相关酶活性、活性氧水平及丙二醛含量。结果表明:短期(45~51 d)Cd2+胁迫可导致烟草愈伤组织内活性氧水平升高,抗氧化酶系统活性增强,但长期(51~57 d)高浓度Cd2+胁迫导致抗氧化系统活性下降,膜质过氧化程度加重。     

正交试验优化花魔芋组织培养条件

通过正交试验优化了魔芋愈伤组织生长及出芽的条件:以花魔芋切块为外植体,在MS(或1/2MS)+6-BA1.5+NAA0.5+IBA1.0+糖30%(pH6.2)的培养基上,暗培养15～20d后,光照12h/d,不仅愈伤组织生长旺盛,而且可以一步成苗,形成完整的植株,能够按要求分批生产试管苗。     

培养基及培养条件对杜仲愈伤组织生长及次生代谢产物含量的影响

以MS、LS、B5、N6、H、Nitsch、White、1／2MS为基本培养基,分别添加0．5mg／L NAA和0．5mg／L BA,分析不同类型培养基对杜仲愈伤组织生长及次生代谢产物含量的影响,并以B5培养基进行光照条件、碳源、蔗糖浓度试验。结果表明：B5培养基不仅有利于愈伤组织生长,也有利于总黄酮的形成,而1／2MS培养基有利于绿原酸的积累;12h／d光照对愈伤组织的生长及绿原酸和总黄酮的合成有明显的促进作用,黑暗不影响愈伤组织的生长,但却抑制绿原酸和总黄酮的形成;3种碳源中,愈伤组织的增长量、绿原酸和总黄酮的含量均以蔗糖为碳源时最高,葡萄糖最低;蔗糖浓度在10～50g／L范围内绿原酸的含量随着糖浓度的升高而升高,40g／L时愈伤组织的增长量和总黄酮的含量最高。     

银杏愈伤组织生长、褐化与黄酮积累研究

旨在建立稳定的银杏愈伤组织继代体系,筛选细胞活性强且黄酮产量高的细胞培养条件,为工业化生产提供一定参考。以MS培养基为基本培养基,在40 d的继代周期内设计正交实验研究外植体月份、外源激素与抗褐化剂交互作用下的银杏愈伤组织生长、褐化与黄酮积累,并对比了4、5、6月中旬银杏叶片黄酮含量。结果表明,银杏愈伤组织继代中的最佳生长组合为:4月叶片诱导的愈伤组织+3.0 mg/L NAA+0.5 mg/L KT+5 mg/L VC;最佳抗褐化组合为:4月叶片诱导的愈伤组织+1.0 mg/L NAA+1.0mg/L KT+10 mg/L VC;银杏叶黄酮含量从4-6月呈上升趋势,且不同月份叶片诱导的愈伤组织黄酮含量与之呈正相关,以6月叶片诱导的愈伤组织+2.0 mg/L NAA+1.0 mg/L KT+5 mg/L VC为最佳黄酮积累条件;结合愈伤组织干重,总黄酮实际产量最高组合为:5月叶片诱导的愈伤组织+2.0 mg/L NAA+0.5 mg/L KT+5 mg/L VC。银杏愈伤组织的适宜继代周期为24-32 d,生长量较大且褐化率低。     

青阳参组织培养及愈伤组织的成分分析

用青阳参（Cynanchum otophyllum）的嫩枝和芽在MS + 2.0 mg/L 2,4-D + 0.1 mg/L KIN的培养基上诱导愈伤组织。通过不同的培养基和激素配比实验,发现 6,7-V + 2.0 mg/L 2,4-D + 0.3 mg/L KIN 最适合愈伤组织的生长。但在6,7-V + 1.0 mg/L 2,4-D + 0.1 mg/L KIN 培养基中的愈伤组织次生代谢物含量最高。愈伤组织的生长周期为27 d,但在33 d时次生代谢产物的含量最高。从愈伤组织中分离到7个化合物：⑴9,10,11-三羟基-十八碳-12(Z)-烯酸甲酯 (methyl 9,10,11-trihydroxy-12-octadecenoate),(2) 胡萝卜甙 (daucosterol),(3)β 谷甾醇 (β sitosterol),（4） 华木酸 (betulinic acid),（5）齐端果酸 (oleanolic acid),（6）棕榈酸 (hexadecanoic acid),（7）十八碳-9-烯酸 (9-octadecenoic acid)。首次报道从植物愈伤组织中分离到多羟基十八碳烯酸,并讨论了化合物（1）对植物细胞生长的可能影响。     

提取工艺和植物生长调节剂对罗布麻愈伤组织中黄酮含量的影响

以罗布麻愈伤组织粉末为材,在单因素实验的基础上,利用响应曲面法对罗布麻愈伤组织中黄酮的提取工艺进行优化。响应曲面分析结果表明,提取试剂和提取温度对提取的黄酮含量存在显著影响。通过响应曲面分析得到罗布麻愈伤组织中黄酮提取的最佳条件为:提取试剂为70%甲醇,物料比1∶40,提取时间为4 h,提取温度为70℃。培养并比较了30种不同植物生长调节剂浓度与配比诱导100 d生长的愈伤组织中黄酮的含量,结果得出MB+KT(1.0 mg/L)+NAA(0.2 mg/L)上培养约100 d的愈伤组织中黄酮含量最高,为73.90mg/g。测定愈伤组织培养30 d内黄酮的积累动态,探明从培养的愈伤组织提取黄酮的最佳时段。通过优化提取工艺和筛选最佳植物生长调节剂浓度与配比,运用组织培养技术提高了罗布麻愈伤组织中黄酮含量。     

红花草莓的组织培养与快繁技术研究

以红花草莓叶片为外植体,通过筛选诱导愈伤组织、不定芽及壮苗、生根的培养基,建立一套实用且易推广的红花草莓组培快繁技术体系。结果表明:在愈伤组织的诱导过程中TDZ的诱导效果优于6-BA,TDZ与NAA配合使用效果优于与IBA的组合。6-BA浓度为0.5 mg·L~(-1)时不定芽诱导率高达86.6%。低浓度的6-BA和8 g·L~(-1)的琼脂更有利于壮苗培养,NAA比IBA更有利诱导生根。综上述,最适红花草莓愈伤组织的诱导培养基为MS+1.0 mg·L~(-1)TDZ+0.5 mg·L~(-1)NAA+30 g·L~(-1)蔗糖+7 g·L~(-1)琼脂;最适不定芽分化的培养基为MS+0.5 mg·L~(-1)6-BA+0.1 mg·L~(-1)NAA+30 g·L~(-1)蔗糖+7 g·L~(-1)琼脂;最适壮苗培养基为MS+0.1 mg·L~(-1)6-BA+0.1 mg·L~(-1)NAA+30 g·L~(-1)蔗糖+8g·L~(-1)琼脂;最适生根培养基为MS+0.5mg·L~(-1)NAA+30 g·L~(-1)蔗糖+8 g·L~(-1)琼脂。试管苗移栽生长20 d后,成活率高达93%,且后期草莓苗生长壮健。此体系的建立为优质红花草莓种苗大规模生产提供了科学依据和技术支持。     

新疆雪莲愈伤组织诱导及总黄酮的测定

以新疆雪莲植株叶片为外植体,研究了不同植物激素和培养时间对新疆雪莲愈伤组织生长、总黄酮含量和产量的影响.结果表明:新疆雪莲愈伤组织最佳诱导培养基为MS+2.00 mg/L NAA+1.00 mg/L 6-BA,其愈伤组织诱导率最高(97.0%);继代培养基以MS+2.00 mg/L NAA+1.00 mg/L 6-BA中愈伤组织生长量和总黄酮产量最高,分别达4.58 g和12.24 mg;以MS+4.00 mg/L NAA+2.00 mg/L 6-BA中的愈伤组织总黄酮含量最高,达2.17 mg/g;愈伤组织的生长量随继代培养时间的延长而增加,而其总黄酮含量不稳定,于继代培养第30天达到最高(2.7 mg/g),此时总黄酮产量最高可达26.66 mg.     

火炭母的一个新异名及其系统位置初探

该文将铺地火炭母(Polygonum chinense L. var. procumbens Z. E. Zhao et J. R. Zhao)处理为火炭母原变种(Persicaria chinensis var. chinensis)的异名,并讨论了火炭母在命名上的问题,及其系统学位置。     

Efficacy of bacterial auxin on in vitro growth of Brassica oleracea L.

Murashige and Skoog’s (MS) medium was supplemented with supernatant of Halomonas desiderata RE1 in different combinations to observe the impact of bacterial auxin on in vitro growth of Brassica oleracea L. Three groups of combinations MS + BS (Bacterial supernatant), MS + BS + 10% CW (coconut water) and MS + BS + 4 mg l⁻¹ 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) were considered. Different amounts of BS used in each combination were 50, 100, 150 and 200 μl in 5 ml MS medium. Media combinations inoculated with seeds, internodal explants and callus of B. oleracea L. were incubated in a growth chamber at 25 ± 1°C and exposed to 16-h cool fluorescent light. Seeds inoculated on MS + BS and MS + BS + 10% CW, shoot elongation was observed over control whereas this response was suppressed in 2,4-D-containing media. In explants inoculated on MS + BS, MS + BS + 10% CW and MS + BS + 4 mg l⁻¹ 2,4-D different responses such as callus induction, adventitious shoot induction and hypertrophy were observed at different supernatant treatments. In callus inoculation, callus proliferation was observed in most of the treatments at different media combinations.     

红花檵木LcFLS1基因的克隆及其表达与转化研究

该研究以红花檵木(Loropetalum chinense var.rubrum)为材料,根据转录组测序结果和PCR方法克隆到1个黄酮醇合成酶(FLS)同源基因,命名为LcFLS1。生物信息学分析显示,LcFLS1的开放阅读框为996bp,编码331个氨基酸。氨基酸序列分析显示,LcFLS1具有典型的2-酮戊二酸和铁依赖性双加氧酶结构域;蛋白结构预测表明,球形蛋白结构的核心区域存在10个与2-酮戊二酸配体互作的位点。进化树分析结果表明,LcFLS1与茶树(Camellia sinensis)等木本植物的亲缘关系较近,而与拟南芥(Arabidopsis thaliana)等草本植物的亲缘关系较远。荧光定量PCR检测显示,LcFLS1在红花檵木的花中相对表达量最高,而在茎中最少。成功构建了LcFLS1基因的过表达载体pLcFLS1-SUPER1300,经农杆菌侵染花序法将pLcFLS1-SUPER1300质粒转入拟南芥中获得转基因植株,PCR鉴定表明获得了转LcFLS1基因拟南芥阳性植株。该研究结果为红花檵木黄酮醇的生物合成机制研究,以及药用价值的开发利用奠定了基础。     

柴胡幼苗越冬抗寒性及其相关生理指标筛选

以北柴胡、地产柴胡、三岛柴胡的根为试验材料,以早春植株成活率为越冬抗寒性指标,测定越冬期不同柴胡品种根系生理生化特征,进行柴胡抗寒性综合评价,并对主要抗寒生理指标进行通径分析和相关性分析,以探讨冬季自然低温条件下柴胡生理特性与抗寒性的关系,筛选适合柴胡越冬抗寒性鉴定的生理指标。结果表明:(1)北柴胡、地产柴胡、三岛柴胡返青期的返青率依次为80%、50%、10%,且各品种间差异显著。(2)3个品种柴胡越冬期根系可溶性糖含量、游离脯氨酸含量、可溶性蛋白含量、根系活力与返青率大小顺序一致,其中北柴胡根系游离脯氨酸平均含量分别为地产柴胡和三岛柴胡的2.44倍和4.49倍,且可溶性蛋白含量显著高于地产柴胡、三岛柴胡,但3个品种柴胡的相对电导率、丙二醛含量水平与返青率大小顺序相反。(3)自然越冬过程中,各柴胡品种的根系活力均呈下降趋势,且以三岛柴胡根系活力下降幅度最大,达80%,而北柴胡根系活力下降幅度最小为52.04%。(4)越冬期3个柴胡品种的越冬抗寒性综合排序为:北柴胡地产柴胡三岛柴胡;柴胡根中脯氨酸含量、可溶性蛋白含量与综合评价值呈极显著正相关关系,相对电导率与综合评价值呈显著负相关关系;生理指标决策系数的大小顺序依次为脯氨酸含量可溶性蛋白含量电导率。研究表明,越冬期柴胡根系游离脯氨酸含量是影响其抗寒性的主要影响因素,其含量可作为评价柴胡抗寒性的指标。     

Expression profile of a PAL gene from Astragalus membranaceus var. Mongholicus and its crucial role in flux into flavonoid biosynthesis

An important traditional Chinese medicine herb, Astragalus membranaceus var. Mongholicus, whose dried root is known as Radix astragali (“Huangqi” in Chinese), has high flavonoid content as an essential active constituent. Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL, EC 4.3.1.5) catalyzes the first and also a rate-limiting step in phenylpropanoid pathway, which supplies precursors for a variety of secondary metabolites including flavonoids. A PAL gene, designated AmPAL1 (GenBank accession no. AY986506), was isolated from A. membranaceus var. Mongholicus with a full-length cDNA of 2562 nucleotides and an open reading frame of 2154 bp. Northern blot analysis revealed that AmPAL1 expressed universally in different organs, and its expression was markedly induced by UV irradiation, mechanical wounding, and white light irradiation on etiolated seedlings, with some distinctive responsive properties. Content of a typical flavonoid, quercetin, in A. membranaceus var. Mongholicus of different ages correlated with PAL enzymatic activity. Transgenic tobacco plants harboring AmPAL1 under the control of the CaMV35S promoter showed significantly increased PAL activity and correlatively increased quercetin content than those in non-transformed plants. These results indicate that PAL is maybe a key point for flux into flavonoid biosynthesis in the genetic control of secondary metabolism in A. membranaceus var. Mongholicus.     

The development of bridge lines for interspecific gene transfer between Lycopersicon esculentum and L. peruvianum

Summary Using a modified embryo callus culture technique, hybrids between Lycopersicon esculentum and L. peruvianum were developed and their usefulness as bridge lines for facilitating interspecific gene transfer was evaluated. Four of these lines showed a high level of sexual compatibility with several other L. peruvianum var. typicum accessions, as well as with accessions of L. peruvianum var. humifusum and L. peruvianum var. glandulosum and L. esculentum. These bridge line x L. peruvianum hybrids could be crossed with L. esculentum to introgress genes from L. peruvianum into L. esculentum.     

Phylogeny of the genera Trichophyton using mitochondrial DNA analysis

Diversity of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) was investigated in 92 Trichophyton rubrum strains, 2 T. mentagrophytes var. mentagrophytes, 2 T. m. vor. interdigitale, 2 T. m. var. goetzii, 1 T. m. var. erinacei, 2 T. quinckeanum, 2 T. schoenleinii, 1 T. tonsurans, 2 T. verrucosum var. album, 2 T. v. var. discoides, 1 T. violaceum var. violaceum, 1 Arthroderma benhamiae, and 1 A. vanbreuseghemii using endonucleases, Hae III, Msp I, Hind III, Xba I, and Bgl II. Trichophyton species were divided into 7 groups, and a phylogenetic tree was produced based on sequence divergence within mtDNA. The following results were obtained: (1) T. rubrum was divided into 2 groups Type I and Type II, and was suggested to be a complex. (2) A. benhamiae was closely related to T. m. var. erinacei. (3) T. rubrum Type II, T. tonsurans, and A. vanbreuseghemii showed identical restriction profiles, and were suggested to be closely related to each other or identical. (4) T. quinckeanum and T. schoenlenii showed identical restriction profiles, which differed slightly from those of A. vanbreuseghemii. (5) mtDNA analysis was useful in identifying pleomorphic strains.     

Spectral composition of irradiation regulates the cell growth and flavonoids biosynthesis in callus cultures of Saussurea medusa Maxim

Cell growth, flavonoids biosynthesis and L-phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) activity were studied in callus cultures of Saussurea medusa Maxim. under different types of spectral radiance. After 21 days, red light significantly improved the callus growth, but inhibited the biosynthesis of flavonoids in callus cultures. However, blue light was found to enhance the biosynthesis of flavonoids, although callus growth under this spectrum was comparable with that under white and other coloured spectra, such as green and yellow. The accumulation of flavonoids in callus cultures was related to the PAL activity, which was found to be stimulated by the spectral composition of irradiation.     

鹅掌楸属(木兰科)次生木质部导管穿孔板的比较研究

利用扫描电子显微镜对鹅掌楸属仅存的2个自然种鹅掌楸和北美鹅掌楸的次生木质部导管穿孔板特征进行了详细的研究。结果显示,鹅掌楸属的2个种均以梯状穿孔板为主,同时存在网状-梯状混合穿孔板。鹅掌楸和北美鹅掌楸的导管穿孔板具有明显差异:(1)鹅掌楸具网状穿孔板,而北美鹅掌楸没有观察到;(2)北美鹅掌楸具单穿孔板,而鹅掌楸在该实验中未发现;(3)北美鹅掌楸具有横隔较粗的梯状穿孔板且横隔数目较多;(4)鹅掌楸的导管穿孔板多数横隔较少;(5)北美鹅掌楸的穿孔板倾斜角度较大;(6)北美鹅掌楸具麻黄式穿孔板的存在,且有纹孔膜残留存在。研究认为,北美鹅掌楸导管分子穿孔板分化较鹅掌楸更为剧烈。     

光质和光周期对山白兰苗木生长、生理的影响

为筛选出山白兰(Michelia baillonii)苗木培育过程中适宜的光环境，该研究以一年生山白兰幼苗为试验材料，设置12、16 h·d^-1两个光周期，配合使用红蓝复合光(8R1B、6R1B)、红蓝紫绿复合光(8R1B1P1G、6R1B1P1G)4种光质和白光(W)对照，采用双因素随机区组试验设计和隶属函数法，探讨了山白兰苗木生长、光合色素、内源激素含量对不同光质和光周期处理的响应规律。结果表明：(1)光质、光周期及其交互作用对山白兰苗高增长量、叶面积、叶绿素a、玉米素(ZR)、脱落酸(ABA)的含量、内源激素比值[IAA/ABA、(IAA+GA₃+ZR)/ABA]等均有显著影响(P<0.05)。(2)16 h·d^-1光周期有利于苗高增长量、叶面积、苗木质量指数、生物量、叶绿素a、生长素(IAA)、ZR的含量、内源激素比值的提高。(3)当光周期为16 h·d^-1时，8R1B处理下的苗高增长量、叶面积和苗木质量指数均最大，分别为21.84 cm、158.39 cm²和2...