大鼠热休克蛋白70的融合表达及纯化鉴定

目的：在大肠杆菌中高效表达并纯化大鼠热休克蛋白（HSP）70与麦芽糖结合蛋白（MBP）的融合蛋白,以进一步研究细胞外HSfr70的生物学功能。方法：用RT-PCR方法扩增目的基因,并将其克隆到原核表达载体pMAL-c2X中,酶切鉴定并进行DNA测序;将该重组表达载体转化大肠杆菌B121,用IPTG在不同温度及时间下进行诱导表达,建立最佳诱导表达条件;采用Amylose树脂预装柱对目的蛋白进行亲和纯化,并对不同表达条件下的产物进行SDS-PAGE及Westernblot分析。结果：克隆出目的基因,构建了融合表达载体pMAL-c2X／hsp70;诱导表达后经SDS-PAGE检测表明获得了目的条带,并纯化出纯度较高的融合蛋白;免疫印迹鉴定表明其具有抗原活性。结论：在大肠杆菌中高效表达并纯化了融合蛋白MBP-HSP70,为进一步研究细胞外HSP70的生物学效应提供了有用的材料。     

分子佐剂C3d增强草原兔尾鼠卵透明带3 DNA疫苗的免疫应答

为增强免疫不育的效果,探讨分子佐剂C3d对草原兔尾鼠透明带3(LaguruslagurusZonaPellucida3,LZP3)基因免疫的调节作用。构建了含3个拷贝C3d的lzp3基因真核细胞表达质粒pcDNA3-LZP3-C3d3(pcD-LC),以不含C3d的质粒pcDNA3-LZP3(pcD-L)为对照,体外转染HeLa细胞,RT-PCR和Westernblot分别检测到lzp3mRNA和蛋白的表达。对NIH雌性小鼠肌肉进行基因免疫注射,ELISA结果表明pcD-LC免疫诱导的特异性抗LZP3-IgG水平明显高于pcD-L对照组(P<0.05),且有长期免疫应答效应;MTT结果显示pcD-LC能够诱导淋巴细胞增殖活性的提高。抗生育实验表明pcD-LC免疫组显著降低窝产仔数(P<0.05),且卵巢切片正常。研究结果证实C3d能够增强lzp3DNA疫苗的特异性免疫应答并达到抗生育效果,为DNA疫苗控制草原兔尾鼠的深入研究提供了基础。     

VEGF121-KLAK融合蛋白在大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中的表达及纯化

目的:在大肠杆菌中高效表达并纯化VEGF121与两性分子KLAK的融合蛋白,为进一步研究其抗肿瘤血管形成作用奠定基础。方法:用RT-PCR法扩增目的基因,插入表达载体pET28a后,转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3),经IPTG诱导表达重组蛋白,对产物进行SDS-PAGE及Western印迹分析。结果:克隆出目的基因,构建了融合蛋白表达载体,诱导表达后经SDS-PAGE检测表明获得了目的条带。结论:在大肠杆菌中高效表达并纯化了融合蛋白VEGF121-KLAK。     

棉花GhCOMT1基因原核表达载体构建及蛋白纯化和Western鉴定

为进一步研究GhCOMT1基因的功能,构建了原核表达载体pET-28a-GhCOMT1,酶切鉴定并测序后转化到大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中,在0.2mmol/L IPTG浓度条件下分别进行不同温度梯度诱导,用蛋白标记亲和层析柱(His TrapTM HP)对重组蛋白进行纯化,并用SDS-PAGE和Western blotting方法鉴定表达产物。结果表明:16℃诱导12h、30℃诱导3h和37℃诱导3h后融合蛋白均以包涵体的形式表达,其中16℃诱导12h的蛋白表达量最大;SDS-PAGE检测目的蛋白相对分子量约为39.748kD;Western blotting分析表明,目的蛋白能与His多克隆抗体起特异性反应。     

人IL-3基因原核表达载体的构建及表达

目的：构建人IL-3基因原核表达载体pET32a-IL-3,并在大肠杆菌中诱导表达。方法：通过佛波酯（TPA）和植物球血凝素（PHA）刺激人T淋巴细胞系Jurkat细胞,增加IL-3mRNA表达水平,提取mRNA,逆转录-聚合酶链反应（RT-PCR）获得cDNA,以Jurkat细胞cDNA为模板,通过PCR方法扩增得到人IL-3基因,将其克隆入原核表达载体pET32a（＋）中,将重组质粒转化入大肠杆菌宿主菌株BL21中,以异丙基硫代半乳糖苷（IPTG）诱导融合蛋白表达,并通过改变IPTG浓度,诱导时间,诱导温度等条件最终实现蛋白的可溶性表达。表达产物用SDS-PAGE检测表达情况。结果：酶切鉴定和测序结果证明成功构建了原核表达载体pET32a．IL-3。SDS-PAGE检测结果证明实现了人IL-3基因在大肠杆菌中的可溶性表达。结论：成功构建了人IL-3基因的原核表达载体并在大肠杆菌中获得了良好的表达。     

猪丹毒丝菌SpaA蛋白的表达与纯化

[目的]在大肠杆菌中表达猪丹毒丝菌spaA基因并纯化重组蛋白。[方法]利用PCR扩增猪丹毒丝菌临床分离株spaA基因,构建重组质粒p GEX-4T-1-spaA,转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)进行诱导表达融合蛋白GST-SpaA,并优化表达条件。最后采用GST琼脂糖纯化树脂纯化,SDS-PAGE和Western Blotting检测。[结果]成功扩增spaA基因,获得重组表达菌株BL21(DE3)/p GEX-4T-1-spaA;在菌体OD_(600)为0. 9时,加入IPTG至终浓度0. 1 mmol/L,34℃诱导6 h的条件下表达效果最好。经SDS-PAGE检测和纯化后得到大小为97 kDa的GST-SpaA; Western Blotting检测结果表明,GST-SpaA具有良好的免疫原性。[结论]成功在大肠杆菌中表达了SpaA蛋白,经纯化得到具有免疫原性的重组蛋白,为后续研制猪丹毒丝菌SpaA蛋白亚单位疫苗奠定基础。     

人NANOGP8蛋白的原核表达及多克隆抗体的制备

为获得抗人 NANOGP8基因的多克隆抗体,采用PCR法扩增了NANOGP8基因,经序列测定正确后,连接到pET-28a质粒上,将获得的重组质粒pET-28a-NANOGP8转化到大肠杆菌BL21（DE3）中,在16℃和37℃下分别进行诱导表达,经SDS-PAGE检测发现融合蛋白以包涵体形式存在于37℃诱导表达的沉淀中,大小约为45kDa。对包涵体进行洗涤、溶解处理,经Chelating Sepharose Fast Flow亲和层析柱进行纯化。对纯化得到的蛋白进行SDS-PAGE及Western blot免疫印记杂交检测,得到了单一条带。用获得的高纯度融合蛋白免疫新西兰兔,得到兔来源的抗人NANOGP8血清。对抗血清进行蛋白免疫印记杂交反应和酶联免疫吸附反应检测,结果显示成功制备了高滴度和特异性的兔抗人NANOGP8多克隆抗体,与市售抗人Nanog多克隆抗体相比,杂交更迅速,效果更明显。为进一步研究NANOGP8基因在肿瘤发生、发展中的作用奠定了基础。     

表皮生长因子受体干扰序列与白细胞介素24融合蛋白的原核表达

目的：在大肠杆菌中表达表皮生长因子受体干扰序列（EGFRi）与白细胞介素24（IL-24）的融合蛋白。方法：人工合成肿瘤细胞表面受体特异性结合位点EGFRi核苷酸序列,应用重叠延伸PCR技术将其与IL-24基因连接,其间引入一段柔软短肽编码基因;将融合基因克隆入pET-22b原核表达载体,IPTG诱导融合蛋白在大肠杆菌BL21（DE3）中表达,对表达条件进行优化;用His·Bind纯化试剂盒对表达产物进行纯化,SDS-PAGE进行鉴定。结果：酶切和测序结果证实EGFRi-IL-24融合基因的原核表达载体构建正确;在IPTG浓度为0.8mol／L、28℃诱导10h的条件下,可溶性融合蛋白表达量最高;表达产物的相对分子质量与预期值一致,为22000;经纯化得到了均一的融合蛋白。结论：获得大肠杆菌表达的融合蛋白EGFRi-IL-2,可用于活性分析。     

甲型流感病毒核蛋白在大肠杆菌中的可溶性高效表达与纯化

为了在大肠杆菌中高效表达甲型流感病毒A/京科/30/95(H3N2)核蛋白NP,以便对原核表达的NP蛋白进行免疫原性研究,本研究通过密码子优化及全基因合成等方法,将3种形式的NP基因:与6×His标签融合的NP基因NP(His)、非融合的野生型NP基因NPwt及非融合的按大肠杆菌优势密码子改造的基因NP(O)分别插入原核表达载体pET-30a,构建了表达3种形式NP基因的3种原核表达质粒并研究不同质粒中NP蛋白的表达形式、条件、纯化工艺及抗原性。限制性酶切反应与测序表明,三种形式的NP基因均正确插入原核表达质粒pET-30a;SDS-PAGE凝胶电泳显示,三种形式的NP基因均能在大肠杆菌中表达,NP(O)基因的表达量最高;在不同温度诱导条件下,NP蛋白呈现可溶性表达,NP(O)基因可溶性高效表达的条件为:T=25℃,t=10 h;经阴离子交换和凝胶过滤层析两步纯化,可溶性表达的NP蛋白纯度可达90%;Western blot检测显示,纯化的NP能与流感病毒A/PR/8/34(H1N1)株感染小鼠的血清发生特异性结合。这些结果表明,非融合表达的密码子优化甲型流感病毒NP蛋白能在大肠杆菌中高效表达和纯化,同时保持良好的免疫反应活性。     

人乳头瘤病毒6型L1基因的克隆及蛋白表达

目的：在大肠杆菌中表达经密码子优化的人乳头瘤病毒6型（HPV6）L1的融合蛋白。方法：PCR方法扩增HPV6 L1,基因,测序及序列比对后,对基因进行密码子优化并合成优化后的基因HPV6mLI,将其克隆入原核表达载体pGEX4T-1,IPTG诱导融合蛋白在大肠杆菌BL21（DE3）中表达,SDS-PAGE鉴定表达产物。结果：酶切和测序结果证实HPV6 mL1基因的原核表达载体构建正确;以1mmol／L IPTG于37℃诱导4h,蛋白以包涵体形式表达;表达产物的相对分子质量与预期值一致,为80000。结论：获得大肠杆菌表达的HPV6L1蛋白,为其结构功能研究和疫苗研发提供了基础。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.