从九连小檗细胞培养物中分离和鉴定药根碱

九连小檗的叶片,在含有2,4－D（1mg/l),KT(0.1mg/l),琼脂（0．8％）,蔗糖（2％）的B3培养基上,诱导出愈伤组织,在25±2℃条件下进行固体,液体培养,收集悬浮培养20天的细胞进行化学抽提和分离,得到一种橙黄色结晶,经HPLC,UV,IR,MS和NMR等分析鉴定,证明为药根碱,经药理试验表现有明显的生理活性。     

粉叶小檗愈伤组织单细胞克隆

以粉叶小檗愈伤组织为材荆,用B5液体培养基进行悬浮培养建立悬浮细胞糸。经3～4次继代培养即可得到悬浮的单细胞。悬浮细胞通过细胞平板克隆(一般B5培养基平板克隆、优化培养基平板克隆和条件培养基平板克隆),经5代连续继代培养观察和薄板层析-分光光度法分析,发现用优化培养基进行平板克隆植板率最高,且克隆最易成功,并且还筛选到一株小檗碱产率高且稳定的克隆CV-57,其平均生手速率为每天14．412mg／L,为原始株系的1．91倍,平均小檗碱含量为干重的2．17％,是原始株系的2．26倍。     

三叶半夏悬浮培养下的体细胞胚胎发生及植株再生

用三叶半夏幼嫩叶片诱导产生的胚性愈伤组织建立了胚性细胞悬浮系,研究了悬浮培养下体细胞胚胎的发生及植株的再生。结果表明,胚性悬浮细胞在附加1．0mg／L2,4-D、0．2 mg／LBA和300mg／L LH的MS液体培养基中产生大量的球形胚,转入液体分化培养基(MS 0．1 mg／LNAA 0．2 mg／L BA 300 mg／L LH)中进一步发育成心形胚、鱼雷形胚和子叶形胚。收集成熟胚转移到MS固体分化培养基上培养获得了再生植株。另外还观察到某些成熟胚上产生了许多次生胚。     

从九连小檗细胞培养物中分离和鉴定药根碱

九连小檗的叶片,在含有2,4-D(1mg/l),KT(0.1mg/l),琼脂(0.8%),蔗糖(2%)的B,培养基上,诱导出愈伤组织,在25±2℃条件下进行固体、液体培养、收集悬浮培养20天的细胞进行化学抽提和分离,得到一种橙黄色结晶,经 HPLC、UV、IR、MS 和 NMR 等分析鉴定,证明为药根碱。经药理试验表现有明显的生理活性。     

枸杞花药愈伤组织悬浮培养条件下胚状体发生与植株再生

采用枸杞花药进行离体培养,建立细胞系,诱导植株再生,结果在含不同激素的4种培养基上都诱导出了愈伤组织,诱导率为17%～169%。愈伤组织在MS 2,4D05mg/L的固体培养基上,经2～3次培养后,获颗粒状胚性愈伤组织,颗粒状胚性愈伤组织转入含相同成分的液体培养基中进行振荡培养,24h后获得大量单细胞。单细胞液经过多次继代培养,建立起稳定的悬浮系。悬浮细胞在液体培养基中培养8～10d可获得含有大量胚状体的愈伤组织块,收集悬浮培养物转移到MS 6BA02mg/L的固体培养基上,胚状体能够萌发形成大量绿色小芽,小芽转入生根培养基(MS NAA02mg/L)中20d后得到完整植株。植株根尖细胞经细胞学鉴定为单倍体。     

湖北海棠原生质体培养获得愈伤组织(简报)

由湖北海棠成熟胚下胚轴诱导愈伤组织并建立悬浮细胞系,用0．5％纤维素酶R－10和0．2％果胶酶分离悬浮系细胞,将酶解的原生质体培养在附加激素和有机成分的MT培养基中,采用液体浅层培养,获得了愈伤组织。     

疣粒野生稻胚性悬浮细胞系的建立及其原生质体的培养和植株再生

云南疣粒野生稻的成熟种子经55℃温度处理3d打破休眠后,在诱导培养基上诱导出愈伤组织。挑选胚性愈伤组织置于液体培养基中振荡培养,经3个月的继代培养,建立胚性细胞悬浮系。悬浮细胞经酶解、去壁后获得大量原生质体,固体包埋后添加液体培养基进行原生质体培养。在培养过程中调节培养体系的渗透压,获得小愈伤组织;经增殖后在分化培养基上诱导产生胚状体,成功得到疣粒野生稻的原生质体再生植株。     

发根农杆菌A4菌株转化苜蓿悬浮培养物

将苜蓿无菌苗下胚轴切割后,在附加2mg／L 2,4-D的MS培养基上诱导愈伤组织。愈伤组织在附加O．5mg／L 2,4-D的SH培养基中悬浮培养。悬浮培养物在用于转化之前,用0．45mol/L甘露醇处理1h．然后用O．16mol/L CaCl₂．2H₂O洗涤两次。预处理后的悬浮培养物用SH培养基悬浮(10ml／g悬浮培养物),再加O．2ml农杆菌悬浮液,于25±2℃共培养2d。共培养的悬浮培养物洗涤后在附加0．5mg／L羧苄青霉索的无激素培养基上选择培养。悬浮培养天数、悬浮培养基激素组成和选择培养基种类明显影响转化频率。纸电泳分折表明70％的转化体可以台成农杆碱和甘露碱。染色体观察显示转化组织细胞存在严重的数目和结构变异。     

粉叶小檗愈伤组织单细胞克隆

以粉叶小檗愈伤组织为材料 ,用B5液体培养基进行悬浮培养建立悬浮细胞系。经 3～ 4次继代培养即可得到悬浮的单细胞。悬浮细胞通过细胞平板克隆 (一般B5培养基平板克隆 ,优化培养基平板克隆和条件培养基平板克隆 ) ,经 5代连续继代培养观察和薄板层析 -分光光度法分析 ,发现用优化培养基进行平板克隆植板率最高 ,且克隆最易成功 ,并且还筛选到一株小檗碱产率高且稳定的克隆CV 5 7,其平均生长速率为 14 .4 12mg .Fw/L .d ,为原始株系的 1.91倍 ,平均小檗碱含量为 2 .17%干重 ,是原始株系的 2 .2 6倍。     

青扦胚性细胞悬浮培养中影响体细胞胚发生因素的研究

试验以青扦（Ｐｉｃｅａｗｉｌｓｏｎｉ）的胚性愈伤组织为材料,以改良５９基本成分附加２４－Ｄ１ｍｇ／Ｌ及ＫＴ１ｍｇ／Ｌ为培养介质,比较了液体悬浮与半固体二种培养方式对胚性愈伤组织增殖和体细胞发生的影响,研究了液体悬浮培养过程中影响体细胞胚发生的因素。结果表明：液体悬浮培养好于半固体培养,它的胚性愈伤组织的生长率为２６８％,是半固体培养的１２４倍;体细胞胚的分化率为９３％,是半固体培养的２２倍;悬浮培养较佳的培养条件为：初始细胞密度为２％（鲜重）,蔗糖浓度为２０ｇ／Ｌ,摇床转速为１００ｒ／ｍｉｎ,ｐＨ为５８。经过两个月悬浮培养,将培养物转至１／２改良５９附加ＡＢＡ１ｍｇ／Ｌ的分化培养基上,３个月后每ｇ培养物上可获得２８５个正常的子叶期体细胞胚。     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

Interconnection of parameters of regulation system of lipid peroxidation and of morphophysiological parameters of mouse liver

A complex analysis of seasonal fluctuations of the mean group parameters of the system of regulation of lipid peroxidation has been performed in liver of Balb/c mice. Association of lipid characteristics and morphophysiological parameters is studied in the Balb/c mouse liver. An inter-connection is revealed between the liver index and the amount of lysoforms of phospholipids, the scale and character of the interconnection differing essentially depending on proportion of phos-phatidylcholine in mouse liver phospholipids.     

The effects of glutamine of the maintenance of embryogenic cultures of Cryptomeria japonica

Summary Embryogenic tissues of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) were induced on a modified Campbell and Durzan (CD) medium containing 1 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 600 mg l⁻¹ glutamine, and subcultured in the medium of the same composition for over 1 yr. This resulted in a mixed culture of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells. When embryogenic cells were isolated and cultured independently, their capacity to form embryogenic aggregates was lost. Thus, the non-embryogenic cells present within a mixed culture system were essential to the formation of embryogenic aggregates. When embryogenic tissues were isolated and cultured independently on a high glutamine-containing (2400 mg l⁻¹) medium, dry weights and endogenous levels of glutamine increased, and the tissue could generate a large number of embryogenic aggregates. Amino acid analysis of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells from the maintenance culture indicated a higher level of glutamine was present in the latter. The high endogenous level of glutamine in the non-embryogenic portion of mixed cell masses may be the supplier of glutamine for maintaining the embryogenic property of the tissues.     

Specificity of action of piperidylcholine derivatives as substrates of cholinesterases of various origin

The review deals with study of enzymologic properties of a novel highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate, N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium iodomethylate (“piperidylcholine”), and its 30 derivatives that were tested as effectors of cholinesterases of mammals and various species of Pacific squids. It was proven for the first time that responsible for specificity of action was structure of cyclic ammonium grouping of the alcohol part of molecule of the ester substrate. Analysis of specificity is performed based on enzymatic hydrolysis parameters—activity of catalytic center of cholinesterases and bimolecular constant of the reaction rate that are determined at optimal and low substrate concentrations. Among the specially synthesized group of thioester compounds there is revealed one more highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate—N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium.