雅致枝霉TE7-15发酵生产γ-亚麻酸的实验研究

研究了温度、时间、碳源和氮源对雅致枝霉诱变株TE7- 15的菌体生长、油脂积累及GLA合成的影响 ,确定了TE7- 15菌株适宜的摇瓶发酵培养条件 ,使其菌体生物量达到 19 0 4g/L ,GLA产量达到10 79 95mg/L ,可以满足工业化生产的要求     

雅致枝霉TE7-15发酵生产γ-亚麻酸的实验研究

研究了温度、时间、碳源和氮源对雅致枝霉诱变株TE7-15的菌体生长、油脂积累及GLA合成的影响,确定了TE7-15菌株适宜的摇瓶发酵培养条件,使其菌体生物量达到19.04g/L,GLA产量达到1079.95 mg/L,可以满足工业化生产的要求.     

激光诱变选育高产PUFAs真菌菌株的研究

采用PIV400型Nd：YAG激光器,对少见报道的产PUFAs丝状真菌菌株Monoblepharis polymorpha Comu进行激光诱变育种。在激光照射剂量：波长532nm,功率50mW,时间10min下,孢子致死率为75％-80％。突变株中w-3系列PUFAs正突变率大于80％,w-3系列突变株FPAm59传代10代以上性能稳定,在土豆基质上摇瓶培养6d后,生物量达到8g/L,产油率53．4％,GLA343．1mg／L、从1209．0mg／L、EPA125．1mg／L、DHA119．4mg／L;分别比对照菌株提高了2．5倍、9．7倍、18．0倍、6．6倍、10．3倍、3．8倍。结果表明,激光诱变育种是获得PUFAs高产菌株尤其是生产w-3系列PUFAs菌株的有效方法。     

解脂耶氏酵母诱变育种及发酵产α-酮戊二酸条件优化

对具有发酵产α-酮戊二酸能力的解脂耶氏酵母(Yarrowia Lipolytica)ZY-4进行了紫外诱变和NTG诱变育种,筛选得到产量提高的突变株,并对突变株的发酵培养基进行了优化,结果表明,紫外诱变和NTG诱变后筛选到的突变株分别比原始出发菌株产量提高了67.8%和110%。优化后发酵培养基成分为甘油8%,氯化铵5.0 g/L,硫胺素1.0μg/L,磷酸二氢钾1.0 g/L,七水硫酸镁0.5 g/L,培养基优化后α-酮戊二酸产量比原始出发菌株提高了232.4%。     

产赤藓糖醇菌种的诱变育种

以耐高渗酵母为出发菌株,采用紫外线诱变处理,得到了一株变异株C1。其摇瓶发酵产赤藓糖醇24．9g／L左右。通过摇瓶发酵试验,研究了菌株C1的遗传稳定性。研究结果表明,经多次传代实验,菌株C1的发酵产糖醇能力没有改变,表明其是稳定的变异株。赤藓糖醇的产量由诱变前的12、594g／L提高到24.943g／L,提高了98.1％。关键词：     

直接利用糖质原料生产L-苹果酸菌种的选育

从土壤中筛选到一株产L－苹果酸的黄曲霉菌,经紫外线、亚硝基胍（NTG）、硫酸二乙酯（DES）和^60Co辐射等诱变处理,并经多次分离得到一株性能稳定的高产L－苹果酸突变株黄曲霉HA5800,35℃,200r/min摇瓶发酵120h,产L－苹果酸72g/L、糖酸转化率为74．22％,经山东省卫生防疫站检定,该菌株不产黄曲霉素素B1。     

产耐高温谷氨酰胺转胺酶菌株的快速筛选方法

目的:采用亚硝基胍(NTG)诱变结合96孔板高通量筛选方法筛选产耐高温谷氨酰胺转胺酶(MTG)的茂原链霉菌(Streptomyces mobaraensis)。方法:通过优化96孔板高通量测定MTG活性的方法、确定筛选温度和时间,建立了产耐高温MTG菌株的快速筛选方法;通过优化NTG诱变条件建立了筛选突变库;通过96孔板高通量初筛、摇瓶复筛获得了产耐高温MTG的突变株12-82,并通过摇瓶发酵对12-82所产MTG进行热稳定性分析。结果:采用2mg/ml NTG、p H8.0、60min的诱变条件获得突变株,将突变株的发酵上清液于70℃水浴7.5min,再在37℃空气浴、反应10min的条件下测定MTG活性,从5 200株突变株中筛选出5株产耐高温MTG的突变株,其中突变株12-82在50℃水浴60min以及70℃水浴1.5min的酶活残留率均比出发株高出近20%,且80℃保温2min仍有11.9%的酶活残留率。结论:利用NTG诱变结合96孔板高通量筛选的方法筛选到5株所产MTG热稳定性相对较高的突变株,其中突变株12-82在50℃、70℃和80℃的酶活残留率均有10%~20%的提高。这为高温食品加工领域所需耐高温MTG生产菌株的高效筛选提供了可行性方案。     

诱变选育雄烯二酮高产菌株及其发酵条件研究

以一株降解植物甾醇产生雄烯二酮的分枝杆菌为研究对象,先后利用亚硝基胍(NTG)和N+注入技术对其进行诱变处理。通过考察NTG浓度和N+注入剂量对菌株诱变效果的影响,确定了最佳诱变条件为NTG浓度为0.6 mg/mL,N+注入剂量为60×1011ions/cm2。最终选育出一株高产突变株Mycobacterium sp.N-2,其生产雄烯二酮的能力较出发菌株提高了37.8%,且传至第七代仍基本稳定。进一步研究了初始pH值、接种量和摇床转速等对高产突变菌株发酵能力的影响,确定了最佳发酵条件为初始pH值7.5,接种量12%,摇床转速260 r/min。     

三孢布拉氏霉生物合成β-胡萝卜素的研究──Ⅰ.三孢布拉氏霉负菌优良菌株SCB201的选育

采用紫外照射、亚硝基胍（NTG）和离子束综合诱变处理,获得一株三孢布拉氏霉菌负亩优良菌株SCB201。在优化了的培养条件下,它与三孢布拉氏霉菌正菌SCB200接合培养产β－胡萝卜素达到2g／1,较其亲株0．2g／1的水平提高了10倍。     

高产谷胱甘肽新菌种的选育及其发酵条件的研究

通过对谷胱甘肽新产生菌——藤黄八叠球菌进行紫外诱变处理,筛选到一株抗乙硫氨酸和氯化锌的抗性菌株,该突变株发酵生产谷胱甘肽的产量比出发菌株提高268．9％。通过对碳源、氮源、温度、初始pH等发酵条件对该菌株生物合成谷胱甘肽的影响研究,表明突变株HY78在发酵温度37℃、初始pH7.0、摇床转速180r／min条件下,摇瓶发酵26h,该高产菌株在发酵液中合成谷胱甘肽的产量可达160．628mg／L。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.