转植酸酶基因玉米的研究与安全评价

植酸酶是应用最广泛的饲料添加剂之一,它在自然界中广泛存在,能提高饲料中磷的利用率,对减轻动物高磷粪便导致的环境水域污染有着重要意义.玉米是动物饲料的主要原料,在玉米饲料中添加植酸酶易造成饲料成本升高和生产效率降低等问题.近年来随着基因工程技术的发展,已克隆出多个真菌植酸酶基因,并成功在微生物、植物系统中表达.本文主要介绍了植酸酶基因的微生物来源与相关研究成果,阐述了转基因技术的常用方法和转植酸酶基因玉米的研究进展,并详细评价了转植酸酶基因玉米的安全性.通过对转植酸酶基因玉米的深入探讨,对改善玉米的品质,降低成本及推广植酸酶在饲料工业中的应用具有重要意义.     

植酸酶基因工程研究进展

植酸酶是催化植酸及植酸盐水解成肌醇和无机磷酸的一类酶的总称.添加于食品和饲料中,能消除植酸所引起的抗营养作用,可提高蛋白质和矿物质的生物利用率.对植酸酶的生物学特性、基因结构和基因工程的研究进展做了综述.     

芽孢杆菌植酸酶分子生物学研究进展

来源于芽孢杆菌的中性植酸酶具有良好的热稳定性,适合作为消化道呈中性鲤科鱼类的饲料添加剂。该植酸酶晶体具有独特的螺旋桨样空间结构,钙离子在其稳定性和催化活性的结构功能关系中具有重要作用,并表现出特有的催化机理。该基因与已知植酸酶基因的结构有所不同,是一种新的植酸酶。目前主要采用多种原核表达系统对其进行表达。比较表明,芽孢杆菌表达系统和酵母表达系统是实现芽孢杆菌植酸酶规模化生产的有效途径。     

植酸酶的分子生物学与基因工程

植酸酶是一种新型的、可作为动物饲料添加剂的重要酶制剂,它对提高饲料中磷的利用率,提高动物的生产性能,以及减轻因动物高磷粪便所导致的环境水域的磷污染有着重要意义。本文综述了植酸酶的分子生物学及基因工程研究的最新进展,讨论了其进一步的研究发展方向。     

植酸酶的研究进展

植酸酶是催化植酸及植酸盐水解成肌醇和无机磷酸的一类酶的总称。植酸酶作为一种新型酶制剂,添加于食品和饲料中,能消除植酸引起的抗营养作用,提高蛋白质的生物利用率。本文综述有关植酸酶的分子结构、作用机理、生物学特征、基因结构的研究。     

饲用植酸酶热稳定性的研究*

植酸酶是一种能将植物性饲料中植酸(盐)降解为肌醇和无机磷酸盐的酶类。其作为单胃动物的饲料添加剂,对提高畜禽业生产效益及降低植酸磷对环境的污染有重要意义。针对目前饲用植酸酶存在的热稳定性不高的问题,介绍了国内外近年来的研究进展,并提出了解决的方法。     

植酸酶及其热稳定性研究进展

植酸酶能降解植物性饲料中的植酸盐类,释放出无机磷酸,对于提高饲料中磷的利用率,减轻畜禽高磷排泄物对环境的污染以及促进单胃动物对饲料中矿质营养的吸收利用有重要作用,因此植酸酶的研究有重要的科学和实用价值。获得高活性高热稳定性的植酸酶是近年来植酸酶工业的研究热点和难点,综述了植酸酶及其热稳定性研究的现状和提高植酸酶热稳定性方法的最新进展 。     

耐热植酸酶突变体的筛选及性质研究

目的:对大肠杆菌Escherichia coli植酸酶基因进行定向进化,获得热稳定性提高的植酸酶突变体。方法:利用易错PCR技术和96微孔板高通量筛选方法获得突变体基因,并对突变酶进行异源表达、纯化及性质研究。结果:通过筛选获得3株热稳定性明显提高的植酸酶突变体APPA1、APPA2、APPA3。酶学性质分析结果表明,3个突变体分子量均约为55kDa,最适pH均为4.5,与野生型无明显差别,热稳定性较野生型均有显著提高,其中突变体APPA3的最适温度为65℃,较野生酶提高5℃,在90℃处理10min后保留50%的酶活。酶的三维结构模拟显示,5个突变位点在植酸酶整体结构上均引入新氢键。结论:通过定向进化获得热稳定性提高的大肠杆菌Escherichia coli植酸酶突变体,对植酸酶的工业应用和研究植酸酶结构与功能关系具有重要意义。     

植酸酶的研究进展

从三个方面综述了植酸酶的研究进展：（1）植酸酶的种类及来源;（2）植酸酶的性质;（3）植酸酶基因及基因工程。     

植物植酸酶及其在饲料中的应用前景

植物植酸酶不但能分解内源植酸磷 ,对外源植酸磷同样有明显的降解作用。在饲粮中添加植酸酶活性高的植物性饲料 ,可提高猪和家禽对植酸磷的利用率 ,降低粪便中磷的排泄量 ,提高生产性能。麦类籽实中具有较高的天然植酸酶活性 ,发芽能显著提高种子中植酸酶的活性 ,因而有希望通过发芽提高麦类籽实中的植酸酶活性 ,经提纯浓缩后可达到在实际生产中应用的水平 ,从而减少在饲料中添加无机磷或价格昂贵的微生物植酸酶。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.