转枯草芽孢杆菌植酸酶基因烟草对不同介质中植酸磷的吸收利用

利用转入枯草芽孢杆菌植酸酶基因的不同烟草株系,分别在无菌培养基、砂培和土培试验中研究了转植酸酶基因烟草对植酸磷的吸收和利用.结果表明,在无菌培养基试验中,所有转植酸酶基因烟草对植酸磷的吸收利用能力均显著高于野生型,其生物量比野生型提高了3.6～10.7倍,总磷吸收量提高了2.2～4.6倍;在沙培和土培中,转植酸酶基因烟草对植酸磷的吸收利用与野生型相比,生物量和总磷吸收量差异不显著.这说明转植酸酶基因在无菌条件下可以提高植物吸收利用植酸磷的能力,但是在自然条件下,由于微生物分解或矿物固定等原因,其作用不稳定,需要进一步研究克服土壤中的限制因素,才能使转基因植物充分发挥作用.     

植酸酶的研究进展

植酸酶是催化植酸及植酸盐水解成肌醇和无机磷酸的一类酶的总称。植酸酶作为一种新型酶制剂,添加于食品和饲料中,能消除植酸引起的抗营养作用,提高蛋白质的生物利用率。本文综述有关植酸酶的分子结构、作用机理、生物学特征、基因结构的研究。     

枝孢中低分子量植酸酶的提纯和性质

植酸酶可用于减少动物饲料,和人膳食中的无机植酸(肌醇六磷酸)含量,一直受到各方面的关注。植酸酶在自然界分布很广,许多微生物包括细菌,真菌,酵母中的植酸酶已经提纯,有些植酸酶的基因已经克隆和测序。枝孢(Cladosporium sp.)是常见的空气传播真菌。本研究从空气中分离和鉴定了一株能够降解植酸的枝孢菌FP-1,它的植酸酶活性(108U／ml),     

木霉植酸酶编码基因多样性及作为系统发育标记潜力研究

对现有的148株木霉菌株在含植酸钙的琼脂培养基上进行了产植酸酶能力鉴定,结果表明所有菌株均产生了水解透明图,说明所有测试的木霉菌株都具有植酸酶活性,植酸酶编码基因在木霉群体中具有广泛性.选取14个种类的21株木霉,采用植酸酶保守序列设计简并引物P8205、P500-2扩增获得其中11种17株木霉植酸酶基因片段,进行了序列测定;利用ITS4、ITS5引物扩增17个木霉菌株的ITS序列并测序.分别基于植酸酶基因片段序列以及ITS序列信息,通过邻接法(N-J法)构建系统发育树,结果表明植酸酶基因序列具有多样性的特点,而基于植酸酶基因序列与基于ITS序列的分类结果基本相同,不同的是长枝木霉(Trichoderma longibrachiatum)植酸酶基因序列与哈茨木霉(Trichoderma harzianum)被分到同一分支当中,与ITS序列的进化关系相差较大,表明有可以作为木霉分类的一种新的标记的潜力,并携带部分与ITS序列不同的系统发育相关信息.     

黑曲霉Z6植酸酶基因phyA的克隆及表达

目的:克隆植酸酶基因phyA,构建毕赤酵母表达载体,转化毕赤酵母,并对重组工程菌的表达产物进行初步酶学性质研究.方法:以植酸酶高产菌株-黑曲霉Z6染色体DNA为模板,PCR扩增得到植酸酶基因phyA,序列鉴定后连接到毕赤酵母穿梭载体pPIC9K上,构建重组质粒pPIC9K-phyA,电击转化毕赤酵母KM71,筛选得到重组转化子.对重组工程菌表达产物进行SDS-PAGE分析和酶活性研究.结果:phyA序列分析表明该基因具有典型的植酸酶活性位点保守序列ArgHisGlyAlaArgTyrPro,与NC-BI已发表的植酸酶基因同源性较高,达到94%以上.该序列已提交GenBank,序列号为DQ318022.重组工程菌KM71-phyA7的PCR扩增证实了植酸酶基因已整合到酵母基因组中,植酸酶能有效分泌和表达,粗酶液酶活可达875U/mL.结论:植酸酶基因phyA在毕赤酵母中成功表达,为今后的定向改组奠定了基础.     

植酸和植酸酶的生理与免疫调节作用

正化学工业出版社出版本书综述了植酸和植酸酶的研究进展,并以肉鸡为实验动物,系统研究了植酸和植酸酶对摄食调节、营养吸收以及免疫调节的生理和分子机制。主要包括植酸和植酸酶对脂肪酶活性、FASN和瘦素基因表达的影响;对蛋白质消化和生     

植酸酶及其基因工程研究进展

植酸酶可添加于食品与饲料中,能消除因不能降解的植酸所引起的抗营养作用,提高机体对蛋白质及多种微量元素的利用率,降低粪便中磷的含量,从而减少环境中磷的积累污染,有利于保护生态环境。弄清植酸酶的性质、基因结构和功能,了解其基因工程的研究进展,不仅具有重要的理论意义,而且在开发研究植酸酶制剂用于饲料、食品和医药等方面具有重要的实践价值。本文谨对植酸酶的性质、基因结构和功能及其基因工程的研究进展做一综述,并探讨了植酸酶的应用前景。     

土壤中微生物植酸酶的活性及其提高方法与应用

磷是有限不可再生资源,土壤缺磷是植物生长和农作物生产的主要限制因子之一。无机磷肥施入土壤后,极易被土壤固相吸附或与金属阳离子形成难溶性络合物或转化为有机磷,导致其生物可利用性降低。土壤磷主要以有机磷形式存在,占比20%-80%。有机磷又以植酸(盐)为主要成分,占比约50%。植酸不可被植物直接吸收利用,需在专一性酶植酸酶作用下经脱磷酸化水解释放磷供植物吸收。土壤植酸酶主要来源于微生物,易受温度、pH、土壤吸附、钙含量及钙磷比、底物含量和有效性等影响,导致酶活降低甚至失活。如何保持或提高土壤中植酸酶活性,进而提高土壤内源植酸磷的利用率,对降低外源磷肥施加和保障农业生产具有重要意义。本文综述微生物植酸酶的来源、分类与作用机制及土壤中植酸酶活性的影响因素,重点阐述保持或提高其活性的方法及实际应用效率。针对土壤植酸酶活性低和稳定性差的问题,对通过调控最适pH范围、提高热稳定性、将植酸酶负载于纳米材料和基因工程改造等改善植酸酶性质的方法进行展望。综述内容可为理解土壤中植酸酶活性的影响因素,进而提高土壤内源植酸磷的利用效率提供理论依据和技术参考,对减少外源磷肥施用、降低磷流失和土壤面源/水体污染风险及保障农业可持续发展具有一定的现实意义。     

植物植酸酶及其在饲料中的应用前景

植物植酸酶不但能分解内源植酸磷 ,对外源植酸磷同样有明显的降解作用。在饲粮中添加植酸酶活性高的植物性饲料 ,可提高猪和家禽对植酸磷的利用率 ,降低粪便中磷的排泄量 ,提高生产性能。麦类籽实中具有较高的天然植酸酶活性 ,发芽能显著提高种子中植酸酶的活性 ,因而有希望通过发芽提高麦类籽实中的植酸酶活性 ,经提纯浓缩后可达到在实际生产中应用的水平 ,从而减少在饲料中添加无机磷或价格昂贵的微生物植酸酶。     

pEGFP-植酸酶基因质粒重组构建及其在COS7细胞中表达分析

采用PCR技术扩增细菌酸性植酸aPPA2基因ORF序列,其DNA分子为1 299 bp,编码432氨基酸,蛋白质分子量约为48 kD a。此植酸酶基因被克隆到pEGFP-N3表达载体的BamH1和Pst1克隆区域,重组的pEG-FP-aPPA2重组质粒经转化到哺乳类培养细胞COS7中。重组的pEGFP-N3-aPPA2在COS7细胞中正常表达并检测出高的植酸酶活性。本研究提出的pEGFP-N3-aPPA2重组质粒构建和在哺乳类COS7细胞表达体系为植酸酶生产提供了新的技术线路。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.