罗哌卡因复合舒芬太尼在潜伏期分娩镇痛中的应用效果

目的:探讨罗哌卡因复合舒芬太尼在潜伏期分娩镇痛中的应用效果。方法:择取2015年1月~2016年1月我院收治的产妇102例,随机分为A、B、C组,各组34例,A组产妇宫口开至1 cm时采取罗哌卡因复合舒芬太尼硬膜外自控分娩镇痛,B组产妇宫口开至3 cm时采取罗哌卡因复合舒芬太尼硬膜外自控分娩镇痛,C组产妇未采取分娩镇痛,比较两组第一产程潜伏期、活跃期及第二产程持续时间及宫缩时视觉模拟评分(VAS)评分,比较各组产妇出血量、新生儿体质量及胎儿娩出后1 min、5 min Apgar评分,记录各组治疗30 d后不良反应。结果:A组、B组第一产程潜伏期持续时间明显较C组延长,活跃期持续时间较C组明显缩短,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);A组产妇宫颈口开至2 cm和cm时VAS评分低于B组和C组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);A组、B组产妇在活跃期、第二产程时VAS评分低于C组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);各组产妇出血量、新生儿体质量、Apgar评分比较均无统计学意义(P0.05);C组抑郁症发生率均高于较A组和B组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:从产妇潜伏期开始应用罗哌卡因复合舒芬太尼进行分娩镇痛的效果较好,具有良好的应用价值。     

小剂量罗哌卡因复合舒芬太尼硬膜外麻醉对高龄产妇分娩镇痛效果评估

目的:评估小剂量罗哌卡因复合舒芬太尼硬膜外麻醉对高龄产妇分娩镇痛效果。方法:选取我院2019年1月-2020年12月共收治的80例高龄无痛分娩产妇作为研究对象,对照组产妇应用罗哌卡因进行硬膜外麻醉;观察组产妇应用小剂量罗哌卡因复合舒芬太尼硬膜外麻醉,对比两组镇痛效果、VAS评分、Bromage评分、自控镇痛追加次数、产程时间、24 h的新生儿窒息情况与24 h泌乳量评分情况。结果:观察组镇痛效果明显优于对照组(P<0.05);观察组产妇的VAS评分在三个产程时间内评分明较对照组低(P<0.05);观察组产妇第一产程和第二产程的Bromage评分略低于对照组,但对比差异不显著(P>0.05),第三产程观察组的Bromage评分明显较对照组低;观察组产妇的自控镇痛追加次数较对照组低(P<0.05);观察组的第一产程和第二产程时间明显低于对照组(P<0.05);观察组产妇产后24 h泌乳量评分优于对照组(P<0.05);观察组新生儿窒息比例略低于对照组,但是并无显著差异(P>0.05)。结论:对高龄产妇分娩应用小剂量罗哌卡因复合舒芬太尼硬膜外麻醉镇痛效果显著,镇痛追加药剂量少,产程时间短,安全有效,有利于产妇产后分泌母乳,值得临床应用推广。     

羟考酮、舒芬太尼与罗哌卡因对分娩镇痛效果的对比影响分析

摘要 目的：比较羟考酮、舒芬太尼用于分娩硬膜外自控镇痛（patient epidural controlled analgesia,PCEA）后的镇痛效果及安全性。方法：选择美国麻醉师协会（american society of anesthesiologists,ASA）Ⅰ～Ⅱ级的初产妇210名,随机分为3组,羟考酮(O)组采用0.1 %罗哌卡因复合羟考酮硬膜外镇痛、舒芬太尼（S）组采用0.1 %罗哌卡因复合舒芬太尼硬膜外镇痛,罗哌卡因（C）组采用0.1 %罗哌卡因硬膜外镇痛,每组70例。记录患者入室（T0）、首剂量给予10 min（T1）、30 min(T2)、宫口全开（T3）时的血流动力学指标、视觉模拟评分法（visual analog scales,VAS）评分,分娩镇痛起效时间,作用持续时间、产程时间和出生后1 min、5 min 新生儿Apgar 评分。分别抽取T0、T2产妇静脉血及新生儿娩出（T4）后静脉血,分别检测血清皮质醇以及一氧化氮（nitric oxide,NO）浓度。结果：实施分娩镇痛的产妇疼痛缓解,O组、S组与C组在相应时间点VAS评分差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）,S组起效时间快于O组、C组,O组持续时间长于S组、C组（P＜0.05）。S组、C组较O组NO浓度显著降低,O组较S组、C组皮质醇浓度显著降低（P＜0.05）。三组产妇生命体征平稳,产程时间、新生儿Apgar评分无明显差别（P>0.05）。结论：羟考酮起效时间快,镇痛时间长,可延缓母婴NO降低时间,降低皮质醇浓度,降低产妇的应激反应且镇痛效果优于舒芬太尼及罗哌卡因。     

舒芬太尼复合吗啡硬膜外术后镇痛的最佳剂量配伍

目的：观察腹式子宫全切术后硬膜外镇痛应用舒芬太尼复合吗啡时两种药物不同剂量的镇痛效果和不良反应,以寻找其最佳剂量配伍。方法：选择90例美国麻醉医师协会（ASA）标准Ⅰ-Ⅱ级、年龄20-60岁拟行腹式子宫全切术的病人,均实施腰硬联合麻醉。随机分成3组,每组30例：Ⅰ组：舒芬太尼10μg＋吗啡2 mg＋氟哌利多1 mg＋1%罗哌卡因20 mg;Ⅱ组：舒芬太尼15μg＋吗啡1.5 mg＋氟哌利多1 mg＋1%罗哌卡因20 mg;Ⅲ组：舒芬太尼20μg＋吗啡1 mg＋氟哌利多1 mg＋1%罗哌卡因20mg。术中监测生命体征,记录术后24小时内的镇痛效果、不良反应及辅助镇痛药物的使用情况。镇痛效果评价采用视觉模拟评分（visual analogue scale,VAS）标准。结果：2组各个时间点VAS评分均明显低于1组（P〈0.05）,在术后6 h,8 h,12 h,18 h,24 h与3组有统计学差异（P〈0.05）,3组在2 h,4 h,6 h的VAS评分低于1组（P〈0.05）;2组恶心评分与3组相比明显较低（P〈0.05）,其他不良反应三组间没有统计学差异;各组患者在术后24h内辅助镇痛药物使用情况比较无统计学差异（P〉0.05）。结论：舒芬太尼15μg复合吗啡1.5 mg用于腹式子宫全切术后硬膜外镇痛效果优于其他常用剂量配伍,镇痛效果平稳确切且不良反应少,具有临床应用价值。     

不同剂量舒芬太尼复合罗哌卡因用于术后 硬膜外镇痛效应比较

目的:研究不同剂量的舒芬太尼复合0.125%罗哌卡因用于硬膜外上腹部术后镇痛的临床疗效和安全性。方法:选择60例麻醉风险评级(ASA)I-II级,年龄(56±12.3)岁,在静脉快速诱导气管插管静吸复合全身麻醉下行上腹部手术的病人随机均分为四组,分别为0.125%罗哌卡因(R)组,0.125%罗哌卡因+0.25ug/ml舒芬太尼(R+0.25S)组,0.125%罗哌卡因+0.5ug/ml舒芬太尼(R+0.5S)组,0.125%罗哌卡因+0.75ug/ml舒芬太尼(R+0.75S)组。于T9-11行硬膜外穿刺置管后接入镇痛泵行术后持续硬膜外输注镇痛,观察术后3、6、12、24小时VAS评分,辅助镇痛用药量及恶心、呕吐、皮肤骚痒、呼吸抑制等副作用。结果:(R+0.5S)组和(R+0.75S)组的患者静息和咳嗽时的VAS评分、24小时内辅助镇痛用药量均显著低于(R)组和(R+0.25S)组,(P<0.05);(R)组、(R+0.25S)组、(R+0.5S)组、(R+0.75S)组四组的瘙痒发生率分别为0%、27.2%、54.5%、63.6%,各组间瘙痒的发生率有显著差异(P<0.05)。60例患者均未发生呼吸抑制等严重并发症;四组间的镇静评分、恶心、呕吐发生率无显著性差异。结论:0.5ug/ml舒芬太尼复合0.125%罗哌卡因可取得较佳的镇痛效果及较少的副作用。     

舒芬太尼-罗哌卡因术后硬膜外镇痛的临床效果观察

目的:比较舒芬太尼-罗哌卡因与芬太尼-罗哌卡因混合液用于术后硬膜外镇痛的临床效果。方法:选择下肢择期手术病人60例,随机分为Ⅰ组(芬太尼组:芬太尼0．5mg 罗哌卡因200mg 氟哌利多2．5mg 生理盐水,总量为100ml)和Ⅱ组(舒芬太尼组:舒芬太尼0．05mg 罗哌卡因200mg 氟哌利多2．5mg 生理盐水,总量为100ml),以2ml/h硬膜外自控镇痛。以VAS评分比较两组镇痛效果,以Ramesay评分比较两组镇静程度,比较两组PCEA有效与实际按压次数比、镇痛药液用量和恶心呕吐等不良反应的差异。结果:术后6、12、24、48hVAS评分Ⅱ组显著高于Ⅰ组,PCA有效与实际按压次数比Ⅱ组较Ⅰ组明显减少,两组其它指标两组间无显著差异。结论:舒芬太尼0．05mg 罗哌卡因200mg 氟哌利多2．5mg 生理盐水(总量为100ml)应用于术后硬膜外镇痛是安全有效的组合,适于临床应用。     

舒芬太尼复合罗哌卡因硬膜外麻醉临床应用观察

目的:观察舒芬太尼复合罗哌卡因硬膜外麻醉临床应用效果。方法:选取本院2014年5月~2015年5月收治的进行硬膜外麻醉的患者66例为研究对象,将其随机分为两组,对照组采取七氟醚进行麻醉,观察组采取舒芬太尼复合罗哌卡因进行麻醉,比较两组患者麻醉效果。结果:观察组患者在舒张压、收缩压以及心率情况的测量结果上显著优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组与对照组在麻醉后10分钟内疼痛程度差异无统计学意义(P0.05),两组在麻醉后10分钟到20分钟观察组疼痛程度明显低于对照组,差异显著,有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:舒芬太尼复合罗哌卡因用于硬膜外麻醉,有助于稳定患者的收缩压、舒张压以及心率水平,值得广泛推广使用。     

腹腔镜全凭静脉麻醉复合罗哌卡因的镇痛效果及对全麻苏醒的影响

目的:探讨腹腔镜全凭静脉麻醉复合罗哌卡因的镇痛效果及对全麻苏醒的影响。方法:将70例妇产科腹腔镜手术患者随机分为治疗组与对照组,对照组全凭静脉丙泊酚麻醉,治疗组在此基础上复合0.375罗哌卡因硬膜外麻醉。比较两组术后镇痛效果、麻醉药物用量、不良反应的发生情况、术后呼吸恢复时间、苏醒时间、拔管时间、苏醒后躁动的发生率及躁动程度。结果:治疗组术后2、12、24 h切口疼痛的VAS评分均较对照组明显降低(P0.05);与对照组比较,治疗组术中丙泊酚、瑞芬太尼用量明显减少,术后呼吸恢复时间、苏醒时间及拔管时间明显缩短(P0.05),苏醒后躁动的发生率及躁动程度均较对照组明显降低(P0.05)。两组均无明显不良反应发生。结论:全凭静脉麻醉复合罗哌卡因硬膜外麻醉对腹腔镜手术可产生良好的镇痛、镇静效果,减少术后疼痛和全麻药剂量,促进早期苏醒。     

舒芬太尼联合罗哌卡因硬膜外自控镇痛对剖宫产术后应激激素和胃肠动力状态的影响

目的:探讨舒芬太尼联合罗哌卡因硬膜外自控镇痛(PCEA)对剖宫产术后应激激素和胃肠动力状态的影响。方法:选择2017年10月～2018年10月于我院择期行剖宫产术的114例孕产妇为研究对象,所有孕产妇按随机数字表法分为对照组(n=51)和研究组(n=63)。对照组术后予以舒芬太尼联合左旋布比卡因PCEA,研究组术后予以舒芬太尼联合罗哌卡因PCEA。比较两组术后24 h PCA按压次数、镇痛液用量、视觉模拟评分(VAS)、手术前后应激激素、胃肠激素、胃电参数、泌乳素(PRL)水平的变化和不良反应的发生情况。结果:研究组术后24 h PCA按压次数、镇痛液用量、VAS均显著低于对照组(P0.05)。术后24 h,两组血管紧张素Ⅱ(AngⅡ)、去甲肾上腺素(NE)、皮质醇(Cor)、胆囊收缩素(CCK)、血管活性肽(VIP)均较术前显著上升,两组胃动素(MTL)、胃电主功率、胃电频率、正常慢波节律比均较术前明显下降,且研究组以上指标变化幅度均明显小于对照组(P0.05)。研究组术后PRL水平显著高于对照组(P0.05)。两组总不良反应发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:舒芬太尼联合罗哌卡因硬膜外自控镇痛可有效减轻剖宫产术后疼痛,抑制应激激素的分泌,改善胃肠动力状态。     

持续镇痛分娩对产妇分娩结局和新生儿评分的影响

目的:研究持续镇痛分娩对产妇分娩结局和新生儿评分的影响。方法:选择2018年7月～2019年7月中国医科大学航空总医院(本院)采取硬膜外分娩镇痛的101例产妇,将其随机分为两组。当产生确切的镇痛效果,进入第二产程后,观察组的51例产妇采用0.4μg/m L舒芬太尼以及0.08%罗哌卡因进行持续镇痛分娩;对照组的50例产妇则在宫口开全后,使用生理盐水替代泵内的局麻药物,直到分娩结束。比较两组产妇催产素的使用率,宫口扩张度和第一、第二产程按压硬膜外自控镇痛泵的次数,分娩方式,新生儿的体质量,脐动脉血pH值,出生后1 min和5 min Apgar评分,产妇修复会阴部时的视觉模拟评分(visual analogue scale, VAS)评分及产妇对于第二产程镇痛的满意度评分。结果:两组产妇催产素的使用率、宫口扩张度和第一、第二产程按压硬膜外自控镇痛泵的次数、分娩方式(剖宫产率、器械助产率、自然分娩率)、第一产程镇痛时间、第一以及第二产程时间相比均无显著差异(P0.05);两组新生儿的体质量,脐动脉血pH值,出生后1 min和5 min Apgar评分小于8分的新生儿所占的比例相比没有明显的差异(P0.05);观察组产妇修复会阴部时的VAS评分明显低于对照组(P0.05),产妇对于第二产程镇痛的满意度评分明显高于对照组(P0.05)。结论:持续镇痛分娩对产妇分娩结局和新生儿评分无明显的影响,但可显著提高产妇对第二产程镇痛和修复会阴部时镇痛的满意度。     

白蚁与动物及微生物的共生类型及其机制

综述了白蚁螱客的主要种类、共生关系及相关机制的研究进展。白蚁螱客中,已报道的动物种类达170种。在与动物的共生关系中存在偏利共生（宾主共栖和异种共栖）、互利共生和无关共生三种;在与微生物的共生关系中,存在与内生菌（原生动物、细菌、真菌和放线菌）和外生菌（蚁巢伞菌等）间的互利关系。指出了白蚁与螱客研究中存在的问题,给出了解决方案,并提出了今后可能的研究热点或方向,为白蚁的综合利用（如纤维素酶）及今后研究物种间的协同进化提供了基础资料。     

Relative and combined effects of ethanol and protein deficiency on strontium and barium bone content and fecal and urinary excretion

To elucidate accumulation of minerals in human iliac arteries with aging, the content of minerals was analyzed by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. Bilateral common, internal, and external iliac arteries of 16 men and 8 women, ranging ages from 65 to 93 yr, were examined. It was found that an extremely high accumulation of calcium and phosphorus occurred in the common iliac artery at old age, being higher than that of the internal and external iliac arteries. It should be noted that the accumulation of calcium and phosphorus is the highest in the common iliac artery among the human arteries examined to date. Regarding sexual differences, the content of calcium and phosphorus in the common and internal iliac arteries was higher in women than in men, whereas their content in the external iliac artery was lower in women than in men.     

New amino-dithiaphospholanes and phosphoramidodithioites and their rhodium and iridium complexes

New sulfur derivatives of phosphoramidite ligands were synthesized and the impact of the sulfur unit on the spectroscopic properties of their rhodium and iridium complexes was investigated. The new ligands Bn₂NPSCH₂CH₂S^a(P-S^a) (Bn = benzyl, 4), Bn₂NPSCHCHS^a(CH₂)₃C^aH₂(P-S^a)(C^a-S^a) (6) and Bn₂NP(4-XC₆H₄OMe)₂ (X = S, 7a; X = O, 7b) were converted to the rhodium and iridium complexes trans-[Rh(CO)Cl(L)₂] (L = 4, 6, 7), [RhCl(COD)(L)] (L = 4, 6, 7), [IrCl(COD)(7a)] and [IrCl₂Cp∗(6)]. For comparison, some phosphoramidite complexes of these formulations also were synthesized. The new metal complexes were spectroscopically analyzed. For the carbonyl complexes, the ν_CO IR stretching frequencies were lower than for the corresponding phosphite and phosphoramidite ligands. The ¹J_PRh coupling constants for the rhodium complexes with the new ligands were also smaller than for the respective phosphoramidite and phosphite complexes. Finally, the ¹J_PSe coupling constants of the selenides of the new ligands were lower than those of the phosphoramidite ligands but higher than for PPh₃. The spectroscopic data reveal that the new thio ligands 4, 6 and 7a are more electron donating than phosphites and phosphoramidites but less electron donating than PPh₃.     

Astrocytes and Synaptosomes Transport and Metabolize Lactate and Acetate Differently

Astrocytes transport the monocarboxylate acetate, but synaptosomes do not. The reason for this is unknown, because both preparations express monocarboxylate transporters (MCT). The transport and metabolism of lactate, another monocarboxylate, was examined in these two preparations, and the results were compared to those for acetate. Lactate transport is more rapid in astrocytes than in synaptosomes, but of lower affinity (Kms of 17 and 4 mM, respectively). Lactate (0.2 mM) is metabolized to CO2 more rapidly in synaptosomes than in astrocytes (rates of 0.37 and 0.07 nmol x mg protein(-1) x min(-1), respectively). The reason for this is unclear, but cellular differences in lactate dehydrogenase isotype expression may be involved. Acetate is metabolized to CO2 more rapidly in astrocytes than in synaptosomes (rates of 0.43 and 0.02 nmol x mg protein(-1) x min(-1), respectively). This is likely due to cellular differences in the expression of monocarboxylate transporter subtypes.     

Rapporteur report: Basics and technology and metrology and standards

The first and second sessions of the Workshop focussed on the basics of ultrasound and infrasound, their applications in both industry and medicine, and metrology and protection standards for ultrasound applications.     

Prostaglandin and thromboxane production by human and guinea-pig macrophages and leucocytes

The ability of partially purified human and guinea-pig haematogenous cell populations, when cultured in vitro, to metabolise arachidonic acid (AA) has been studied. Supernatants from 24 hour cell culture have been subjected to analysis for products of AA metabolism by gas chromatography with electron-capture detection.The cell types studied were human peripheral blood monocytes (both glass adherent and non-adherent), neutrophils, eosinophils and leukemic leucocytes; thoracic duct lymphocytes and lung alveolar macrophages. From the guinea-pig, induced and non-induced macrophage or neutrophil enriched peritoneal exudate populations, lymph node cells, peritoneal eosinophils and peripheral blood platelets were examined. Supernatants were assayed for the presence of PGE₂, PGD₂, PGF_2α, TXB₂ and 6-keto-PGF_1α. In all types studied PGE₂ and TXB₂ were the major products formed. The identification of PGE₂ and TXB₂ was confirmed by GC/MS with multiple ion monitoring.The results have been compared with other reports and their possible significance discussed in relation to the proposed role of prostaglandins as mediators and modulators in immunopathology.     

Cytoskeleton and mitochondrial morphology and function

It has been well established that the cytoskeleton is an essential modulator of cell morphology and motility, intracytoplasmic transport and mitosis, however cytoskeletal linkage to the organelles has not been unequivocally demonstrated. Indeed, cytoskeleton appears to be essential in determining and modulating gene phenotype as a function of cellular environment. According to recent studies, the organization of the cytoskeleton network together with associated protein(s) could be essential in regulating mitochondrial function and particularly the permeability of the mitochondrial outer membrane to ADP. The aim of this chapter is to summarize the main properties of the cytoskeletal environment of mitochondria and the possible role(s) of this network in mitochondrial function in myocytes.     

人血管能抑素基因的克隆、表达及其表达产物的纯化和生物活性测定

以人胎盘脐带组织为材料,提取组织总RNA,用netRTPCR方法合成人血管能抑素cDNA基因,将该cDNA克隆进pSP72载体获得重组质粒pSP72C, DNA序列分析结果与预期序列一致。用BamHⅠ和NdeⅠ双酶切,切下pSP72C上的血管能抑素cDNA,插入pET3c载体的相应位点获得重组表达质粒pETC, 转化E. coli BL21(DE3), SDSPAGE分析显示：在IPTG诱导下,血管能抑素基因获得了高效表达,表达量约占菌体总蛋白的 27.9 %,主要以包涵体形式存在。包涵体经过洗涤、裂解、蛋白复性以及Sephadex G75凝胶过滤层析等步骤后,获得了纯度达91.4 %的人血管能抑素。CAM实验证明10 μg纯化蛋白就能显著抑制鸡胚新生血管生成。