舒芬太尼复合吗啡硬膜外术后镇痛的最佳剂量配伍

目的：观察腹式子宫全切术后硬膜外镇痛应用舒芬太尼复合吗啡时两种药物不同剂量的镇痛效果和不良反应,以寻找其最佳剂量配伍。方法：选择90例美国麻醉医师协会（ASA）标准Ⅰ-Ⅱ级、年龄20-60岁拟行腹式子宫全切术的病人,均实施腰硬联合麻醉。随机分成3组,每组30例：Ⅰ组：舒芬太尼10μg＋吗啡2 mg＋氟哌利多1 mg＋1%罗哌卡因20 mg;Ⅱ组：舒芬太尼15μg＋吗啡1.5 mg＋氟哌利多1 mg＋1%罗哌卡因20 mg;Ⅲ组：舒芬太尼20μg＋吗啡1 mg＋氟哌利多1 mg＋1%罗哌卡因20mg。术中监测生命体征,记录术后24小时内的镇痛效果、不良反应及辅助镇痛药物的使用情况。镇痛效果评价采用视觉模拟评分（visual analogue scale,VAS）标准。结果：2组各个时间点VAS评分均明显低于1组（P〈0.05）,在术后6 h,8 h,12 h,18 h,24 h与3组有统计学差异（P〈0.05）,3组在2 h,4 h,6 h的VAS评分低于1组（P〈0.05）;2组恶心评分与3组相比明显较低（P〈0.05）,其他不良反应三组间没有统计学差异;各组患者在术后24h内辅助镇痛药物使用情况比较无统计学差异（P〉0.05）。结论：舒芬太尼15μg复合吗啡1.5 mg用于腹式子宫全切术后硬膜外镇痛效果优于其他常用剂量配伍,镇痛效果平稳确切且不良反应少,具有临床应用价值。     

经腹妇科术后不同浓度舒芬太尼硬膜外自控镇痛的效果观察

目的:评价经腹妇科术后不同浓度舒芬太尼与罗哌卡因配伍硬膜外自控镇痛(PECA)的效果.方法:择期经腹妇科手术的患者75例,年龄28-67岁,ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级,随机分为3组(n=25),Ⅰ组:舒芬太尼0.4μg/mL 0.2%罗哌卡因;Ⅱ组:舒芬太尼0.5μg/mL 0.2%罗哌卡因;Ⅲ组:舒芬太尼0.6μg/mL 0.2%罗哌卡因;3组镇痛药中均加入氟哌啶1.25 mg.手术结束前硬膜外导管连接PCA泵,负荷剂量5mL,背景持续剂量2mL/h,单次给药剂量2mL,锁定时间15min,全程观察24h.观察和记录患者PCA泵开启时和开启后4-5 h、8-10h、12-20h、23-24h各时段视觉模拟法(VAS)评分、Bromage评分、Ramsay评分、各时间段总的进药量、PCA药量和患者镇痛过程中各时间段的HR、BP、SpO2,以及其他不良反应,如胸闷、头晕、搔痒和恶心呕吐等情况.结果:与Ⅰ组相比较,Ⅱ、Ⅲ组在术后4.5 h、8-10 h、12-20 h时间段内,VAS评分显著降低(p＜0.01),Ⅱ组较Ⅱ组评分低,但差异无统计学意义(p＞0.05),23-24h时间段内Ⅲ组也较Ⅰ、Ⅱ评分降低,差异有统计学意义(p＜0.05);Ⅰ组中有一例患者在术后10h时肌肉注射杜冷啶50 mg一次;3组患者24 h镇痛药总用量分别是67±12 mL、59±7 mmL和56±8 mL,Ⅱ、Ⅲ组与Ⅰ纽相比较,镇痛药的用量减少,差异有统计学意义(p＜0.05);Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组中各有2、3、2例患者有恶心呕吐现象,但差异无统计学意义(p＞0.05). 3 组患者中均未发现有皮肤搔痒和胸闷、呼吸抑制、心动过缓及局麻药中毒现象.结论:0.6μg/mL舒芬太尼复合0.2%罗哌卡因用于经腹妇科术后镇痛效果良好,且不良反应少,是一种较理想的镇痛方法.     

不同剂量舒芬太尼复合罗哌卡因用于术后 硬膜外镇痛效应比较

目的:研究不同剂量的舒芬太尼复合0.125%罗哌卡因用于硬膜外上腹部术后镇痛的临床疗效和安全性。方法:选择60例麻醉风险评级(ASA)I-II级,年龄(56±12.3)岁,在静脉快速诱导气管插管静吸复合全身麻醉下行上腹部手术的病人随机均分为四组,分别为0.125%罗哌卡因(R)组,0.125%罗哌卡因+0.25ug/ml舒芬太尼(R+0.25S)组,0.125%罗哌卡因+0.5ug/ml舒芬太尼(R+0.5S)组,0.125%罗哌卡因+0.75ug/ml舒芬太尼(R+0.75S)组。于T9-11行硬膜外穿刺置管后接入镇痛泵行术后持续硬膜外输注镇痛,观察术后3、6、12、24小时VAS评分,辅助镇痛用药量及恶心、呕吐、皮肤骚痒、呼吸抑制等副作用。结果:(R+0.5S)组和(R+0.75S)组的患者静息和咳嗽时的VAS评分、24小时内辅助镇痛用药量均显著低于(R)组和(R+0.25S)组,(P<0.05);(R)组、(R+0.25S)组、(R+0.5S)组、(R+0.75S)组四组的瘙痒发生率分别为0%、27.2%、54.5%、63.6%,各组间瘙痒的发生率有显著差异(P<0.05)。60例患者均未发生呼吸抑制等严重并发症;四组间的镇静评分、恶心、呕吐发生率无显著性差异。结论:0.5ug/ml舒芬太尼复合0.125%罗哌卡因可取得较佳的镇痛效果及较少的副作用。     

罗哌卡因复合舒芬太尼持续硬膜外麻醉对无痛分娩镇痛效果及母婴状况的影响

目的:探讨罗哌卡因复合舒芬太尼持续硬膜外麻醉对无痛分娩镇痛效果及母婴状况的影响。方法:选择我院产科2014年2月至2015年5月足月妊娠初产妇180例,按照随机数字表法分为治疗组(n=90)和对照组(n=90),治疗组采用4μg舒芬太尼复合3 mg罗哌卡因持续硬膜外麻醉进行分娩镇痛,对照组按阴道分娩常规处理,未用任何止痛措施。观察镇痛5 min、10 min、30min、60 min时VAS评分,比较两组产妇的阴道出血量、产程、顺产率、剖宫产率,观察两组镇痛显效时间、镇痛时间、新生儿Apgar评分。结果:镇痛5 min,两组患者VAS评分无统计学差异(P0.05),随着时间的推移,两组VAS评分逐渐降低,与对照组相比,治疗组在镇痛后10 min、30 min及60 min时VAS评分均明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗组产妇镇痛显效时间、阴道出血量明显低于对照组(P0.05),两组产程、镇痛时间、新生儿Apgar评分差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗组的顺产率和剖宫产率与对照组比较,治疗组产妇的顺产率提高,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:罗哌卡因复合舒芬太尼持续硬膜外麻醉镇痛对于无痛分娩镇痛效果较好,减轻疼痛,减少出血量,安全性高,值得临床推广。     

舒芬太尼联合罗哌卡因硬膜外自控镇痛对剖宫产术后应激激素和胃肠动力状态的影响

目的:探讨舒芬太尼联合罗哌卡因硬膜外自控镇痛(PCEA)对剖宫产术后应激激素和胃肠动力状态的影响。方法:选择2017年10月～2018年10月于我院择期行剖宫产术的114例孕产妇为研究对象,所有孕产妇按随机数字表法分为对照组(n=51)和研究组(n=63)。对照组术后予以舒芬太尼联合左旋布比卡因PCEA,研究组术后予以舒芬太尼联合罗哌卡因PCEA。比较两组术后24 h PCA按压次数、镇痛液用量、视觉模拟评分(VAS)、手术前后应激激素、胃肠激素、胃电参数、泌乳素(PRL)水平的变化和不良反应的发生情况。结果:研究组术后24 h PCA按压次数、镇痛液用量、VAS均显著低于对照组(P0.05)。术后24 h,两组血管紧张素Ⅱ(AngⅡ)、去甲肾上腺素(NE)、皮质醇(Cor)、胆囊收缩素(CCK)、血管活性肽(VIP)均较术前显著上升,两组胃动素(MTL)、胃电主功率、胃电频率、正常慢波节律比均较术前明显下降,且研究组以上指标变化幅度均明显小于对照组(P0.05)。研究组术后PRL水平显著高于对照组(P0.05)。两组总不良反应发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:舒芬太尼联合罗哌卡因硬膜外自控镇痛可有效减轻剖宫产术后疼痛,抑制应激激素的分泌,改善胃肠动力状态。     

子宫下段剖宫产术后舒芬太尼-布比卡因和芬太尼-布比卡因自控硬膜外镇痛的比较

目的 观察舒芬太尼-布比卡因用于子宫下段剖宫产术后镇痛,与等效价的芬太尼-布比卡因比较,在镇痛效果、临床副作用方面有无优越性.方法 选择择期硬膜外阻滞麻醉下行子宫下段剖宫产术31例,随机分为两组:A组(芬太尼-布比卡因组)16例;B组(舒芬太尼-布比卡因组)15例.A组给予负荷量芬太尼20μg和0.125%布比卡因4ml;B组给予负荷量舒芬太尼2 μg和0.125%布比卡因4 ml.两组均采用珠海福尼亚电子微量泵CPE-101-200型行自控硬膜外镇痛.观察术后4、8、16、24 h的疼痛、镇静、呕吐的评分,记录心率、血氧饱和度、镇痛液消耗量.疼痛情况用水平视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评估,镇静程度按四点评估表法分类.结果 与A组比较,B组各时点VAS评分普遍低于A组,但仅术后8 h和24 h差异有显著统计学意义(.P<0.05).两组病人镇静评分均无达到3分者,手术后4、8、24 h B组镇静评分达2分者明显多于A组(P<0.05).两组术后呕吐发生率都低,组问无显著统计学意义(P>O.05).结论 子宫下段剖宫产术后舒芬太尼-布比卡因组的硬膜外镇痛效果略优于芬太尼-布比卡因组.镇静作用明显高于芬太尼-布比卡因组,而且不会增加呕吐、呼吸抑饲等副作用的发生率.     

罗哌卡因复合舒芬太尼在潜伏期分娩镇痛中的应用效果

目的:探讨罗哌卡因复合舒芬太尼在潜伏期分娩镇痛中的应用效果。方法:择取2015年1月~2016年1月我院收治的产妇102例,随机分为A、B、C组,各组34例,A组产妇宫口开至1 cm时采取罗哌卡因复合舒芬太尼硬膜外自控分娩镇痛,B组产妇宫口开至3 cm时采取罗哌卡因复合舒芬太尼硬膜外自控分娩镇痛,C组产妇未采取分娩镇痛,比较两组第一产程潜伏期、活跃期及第二产程持续时间及宫缩时视觉模拟评分(VAS)评分,比较各组产妇出血量、新生儿体质量及胎儿娩出后1 min、5 min Apgar评分,记录各组治疗30 d后不良反应。结果:A组、B组第一产程潜伏期持续时间明显较C组延长,活跃期持续时间较C组明显缩短,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);A组产妇宫颈口开至2 cm和cm时VAS评分低于B组和C组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);A组、B组产妇在活跃期、第二产程时VAS评分低于C组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);各组产妇出血量、新生儿体质量、Apgar评分比较均无统计学意义(P0.05);C组抑郁症发生率均高于较A组和B组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:从产妇潜伏期开始应用罗哌卡因复合舒芬太尼进行分娩镇痛的效果较好,具有良好的应用价值。     

小剂量罗哌卡因复合舒芬太尼硬膜外麻醉对高龄产妇分娩镇痛效果评估

目的:评估小剂量罗哌卡因复合舒芬太尼硬膜外麻醉对高龄产妇分娩镇痛效果。方法:选取我院2019年1月-2020年12月共收治的80例高龄无痛分娩产妇作为研究对象,对照组产妇应用罗哌卡因进行硬膜外麻醉;观察组产妇应用小剂量罗哌卡因复合舒芬太尼硬膜外麻醉,对比两组镇痛效果、VAS评分、Bromage评分、自控镇痛追加次数、产程时间、24 h的新生儿窒息情况与24 h泌乳量评分情况。结果:观察组镇痛效果明显优于对照组(P<0.05);观察组产妇的VAS评分在三个产程时间内评分明较对照组低(P<0.05);观察组产妇第一产程和第二产程的Bromage评分略低于对照组,但对比差异不显著(P>0.05),第三产程观察组的Bromage评分明显较对照组低;观察组产妇的自控镇痛追加次数较对照组低(P<0.05);观察组的第一产程和第二产程时间明显低于对照组(P<0.05);观察组产妇产后24 h泌乳量评分优于对照组(P<0.05);观察组新生儿窒息比例略低于对照组,但是并无显著差异(P>0.05)。结论:对高龄产妇分娩应用小剂量罗哌卡因复合舒芬太尼硬膜外麻醉镇痛效果显著,镇痛追加药剂量少,产程时间短,安全有效,有利于产妇产后分泌母乳,值得临床应用推广。     

帕瑞昔布钠联合罗哌卡因局部浸润用于颈椎前路减压术后镇痛观察

目的观察帕瑞昔布钠联合罗哌卡因局部浸润用于颈椎前路减压术患者术后镇痛的效果。方法选择拟全麻下行颈椎前路减压术患者60例,随机分为A组(帕瑞昔布钠+1%罗哌卡因组)30例,B组(舒芬太尼组)30例。采用瑞芬太尼和异丙酚双通道靶控输注麻醉。于缝合前即刻,A组静脉注射帕瑞昔布钠40mg,1%罗哌卡因15ml逐层浸润切口周围肌肉、皮下组织和皮肤;B组静脉给予负荷量舒芬太尼4μg(4ml),行自控静脉镇痛。分别记录术后4、8、16、24h(T1、T2、T3、T4)的疼痛、镇静、恶心呕吐评分,疼痛情况用水平视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评估,镇静程度以Ramsay评分法评分。结果两组患者均达到满意的镇痛效果。B组各时点Ramsay评分均高于A组,T2、T3时点比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。但B组T2、T3时点恶心呕吐发生率高于A组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论帕瑞昔布钠联合1%罗哌卡因局部浸润用于颈椎前路减压术后镇痛与舒芬太尼自控静脉镇痛比较,均获得良好的镇痛效果,且不增加患者的镇静水平,减少了恶心呕吐等副作用的发生率。     

舒芬太尼复合罗哌卡因硬膜外麻醉临床应用观察

目的:观察舒芬太尼复合罗哌卡因硬膜外麻醉临床应用效果。方法:选取本院2014年5月~2015年5月收治的进行硬膜外麻醉的患者66例为研究对象,将其随机分为两组,对照组采取七氟醚进行麻醉,观察组采取舒芬太尼复合罗哌卡因进行麻醉,比较两组患者麻醉效果。结果:观察组患者在舒张压、收缩压以及心率情况的测量结果上显著优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组与对照组在麻醉后10分钟内疼痛程度差异无统计学意义(P0.05),两组在麻醉后10分钟到20分钟观察组疼痛程度明显低于对照组,差异显著,有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:舒芬太尼复合罗哌卡因用于硬膜外麻醉,有助于稳定患者的收缩压、舒张压以及心率水平,值得广泛推广使用。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.