猪细小病毒SD-68株vp2基因的克隆及序列分析

对猪细小病毒(PPV)SD-68株印2基因进行的克隆和序列测定表明：SD-68株VP2基因全长1740bD,编码579个氨基酸残基组成的多肽;PPVSD-68株与Kresse株、SY-99株、NADL-2(5075)株、NADL-2(4973)株、US-1株的VP2基因比较,核苷酸的同源性在99％以上,氨基酸的同源性在96％以上。进化树分析表明SD-68株与kresse株的亲缘关系最近;在决定毒株组织嗜性的关键氨基酸位点上(378,383及436),SD-68株与kresse株的差异最小,据此推测SD-68株的组织嗜性与Kresse株相似,即SD-68株属皮炎型PPV;而比较弱毒株NADL-2、SD-68和强毒株kresse VP2的氨基酸差异后发现,215、378和383可能是决定PPV致病性强弱的关键位点。     

猪细小病毒SD-68株NS1基因的克隆与序列分析

对猪细小病毒(PPV)SD-68株NS1基因进行了克隆和序列测定,结果表明SD-68株NS1基因全长1989bp,编码662个氨基酸组成的多肽。该序列与PPV SY-99株、Kresse株、NADL-2(5075)和NADL-2(4973)株的NS1基因比较,核苷酸的同源性分别为99．9％、99．9％、99．7％、98．1％,氨基酸的同源性分别为99．7％、99．5％、99．5％、96．7％。PPV SD-68株与MVM(i)、MEV(Abashiri)、CPV、FPV、BPV3、GPVNSl的进化树分析表明：PPVSD-68株NS1与MVM(i)NS1亲缘关系最近,与BPV3 NS1的亲缘关系最远;在Thr435和Ser473位点PPV SD-68株与MVM(i)完全一致,表明Thr435和Ser473是PPV SD-68株NS1潜在的磷酸化位点。     

猪细小病毒SD-68株NS1基因的克隆与序列分析

对猪细小病毒(PPV)SD-68株NS1基因进行了克隆和序列测定,结果表明SD-68株NS1基因全长1989bp,编码662个氨基酸组成的多肽.该序列与PPV SY-99株、Kresse株、NADL-2(5075)和NADL-2(4973)株的NS1基因比较,核苷酸的同源性分别为99.9%、99.9%、99.7%、98.1%,氨基酸的同源性分别为99.7%、99.5%、99.5%、96.7%.PPV SD-68株与MVM(i)、MEV(Abashiri)、CPV、FPV、BPV3、GPV NS1的进化树分析表明PPV SD-68株NS1与MVM(i)NS1亲缘关系最近,与BPV3 NS1的亲缘关系最远;在Thr435和Ser473位点PPV SD-68株与MVM(i)完全一致,表明Thr435和Ser473是PPV SD-68株NS1潜在的磷酸化位点.     

猪细小病毒自然弱毒N株VP2基因的克隆、测序及生物信息学分析

本研究对猪细小病毒(porcine parvovirus,PPV)自然弱毒N株(PPV-N)VP2基因进行克隆、测序并利用生物信息学技术分析PPV-NVP2蛋白基因的同源性、遗传进化、密码子偏爱性、糖基化位点、磷酸化位点、B细胞抗原表位及其二、三级结构。结果表明:成功扩增出包含VP2基因完整目的片段(1901bp),构建了VP2基因的克隆重组质粒pMD18-T-VP2,测序获取VP2基因序列(1740bp)并将该序列登录到GenBank(HM355807)。PPVVP2基因属高度保守的基因;PPV-N株与PPV弱毒代表毒株NADL-2株亲缘性近,推测PPV-N株属于弱毒株;PPV-N株VP2基因氨基酸密码子偏爱以A结尾的密码子;PPV-N株VP2蛋白可能存在7个糖基化位点,其丝氨酸、苏氨酸和酪氨酸可能分别有9、7、8个磷酸化位点,可能存在24个B细胞抗原表位;PPV-N株VP2蛋白二级结构预测,α-螺旋占11.74%,β-折叠占22.97%,无规则卷曲占65.28%,而三维结构预测VP2蛋白主要以无规则卷曲为主,存在多个螺旋和折叠区域。本研究结果为进一步阐释PPV-N株自然弱毒的分子机理提供依据,并为PPV分子诊断试剂及基因工程疫苗研究等提供有益借鉴。     

传染性法氏囊病病毒野毒株的致病性及其vp2基因比较

对4个IBDV野毒株的致病性和它们的vp2基因高变区序列同时做了比较分析.结果表明,4个IBDV毒株在致病性程度上存在较大差异.其中有一个是真正的超强毒,即GX8/99,其他几个虽然达不到真正超强毒的毒力,但也比经典的标准毒的致死性高得多.在vp2基因高变区,这4个IBDV野毒株与超强毒参考株HK46同源性很高,在DNA水平为96.8%～99.5%,在氨基酸(aa)水平为96.6%～100%.而与疫苗毒D78有很大差异,分别只有91.7%～93.6%和91.8%～93.2%.说明IBDV毒株的vp2基因高变区确实与其致病性有一定关系.特别是SD-1/97、SD-3/98、JS-30/99株之间及其与HK46在DNA和aa水平的同源性高达98.4%和98.6%以上,SD-3/99、JS-30/99株之间及其与HK46的氨基酸同源性为100%.然而,致病性特别高的GX8/99株病毒与其他3个野毒株及HK46在DNA和氨基酸水平的同源性相对较低,在DNA和aa水平的同源性只有96.8%～97.2%和96.6%～97.9%.相对于国内的流行毒株和香港超强毒参考株HK46,GX8/99株在致病性和VP2高变区都已发生了一定的变异.     

传染性法氏囊病病毒野毒株的致病性及其vp2基因比较

对4个IBDV野毒株的致病性和它们的vp2基因高变区序列同时做了比较分析。结果表明,4个IBDV毒株在致病性程度上存在较大差异。其中有一个是真正的超强毒,即GX8／99,其他几个虽然达不到真正超强毒的毒力,但也比经典的标准毒的致死性高得多。在vp2基因高变区,这4个IBDV野毒株与超强毒参考株HK46同源性很高,在DNA水平为96．8％～99．5％,在氨基酸(aa)水平为96．6％～100％o而与疫苗毒D78有很大差异,分别只有91．7％～93．6％和91．8％～93．2％。说明IBDV毒株的vp2基因高变区确实与其致病性有一定关系。特别是SD-1／97、SD-3／98、JS-30／99株之间及其与HK46在DNA和aa水平的同源性高达98．4％和98．6％以上,SD-3／99、JS-30／99株之间及其与HK46的氨基酸同源性为100％。然而,致病性特别高的GX8／99株病毒与其他3个野毒株及HK46在DNA和氨基酸水平的同源性相对较低,在DNA和aa水平的同源性只有96．8％～9712％和96．6％～97．9％。相对于国内的流行毒株和香港超强毒参考株HK46,GX8／99株在致病性和VP2高变区都已发生了一定的变异。     

引起产科新生儿腹泻暴发的轮状病毒株VP4 VP7编码基因与其毒力关系的探讨

克隆并测定了引起产科新生儿腹泻暴发的P2[6]、G4型轮状病毒(BN株)VP4的VP8片段和VP7编码基因的核苷酸序列,并据此推导出其氨基酸序列。与相应标准株和地方株(包括有毒株和无毒株)比较的结果表明,所测VP8序列与相同型别(P2[6])的标准株M37(无毒株)和ST3(无毒株)、地方株N16(无毒株)和VE7156(有毒株)之间的同源性为92.8％～98.6％,胰酶作用位点各毒株间相同;位于aa49、aa50、aa52、aa53、aa78处的氨基酸在有毒株与无毒株间(包括BN株)不同,但分别保守。VP7基因与同型(G4)标准株ST3(A亚型/无毒株)和VA70(B亚型/有毒株)、意大利地方株PV5249(A亚型/有毒株)和北京地方株CR117(有毒株)、同型猪有毒株Gott之间的同源性为91.4％～97.8％,其中与A亚型的同源性为95.5％～96.3％,而与B亚型的同源性为91.4％,提示VP7为G4A亚型,位于aa38、aa78、aa145、aa238位点的氨基酸在有毒株与无毒株之间不同,但分别保守。分析了虽为P2[6]型却反常地引起新生儿腹泻暴发毒株(BN)的VP8与VP7基因的变异情况,并对轮状病毒毒力与VP4、VP7基因变异的相互关系进行了讨论,为慎重确定轮状病毒疫苗候选毒株提供理论依据。     

IBDVvp2基因高变区序列测定与进化分析

本实验采用来源于江苏地区的六株不同鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒(Infectious bursal disease virus,IBDV)毒株,应用RT-PCR法对vp2基因高变区进行了扩增,构建重组质粒pMD18T-vp2,测序。与有代表性的IBDV毒株VP2基因高变区序列进行比较分析,以ClustalX软件进行序列比对,得到基因序列及氨基酸序列同源性,IBDV Y3、P2G、P8G、SZ、Y5和W04(6株)IBDV与D6984(荷兰)的同源性达到99．0％以上,与其它一些超强毒株(very virulent IBDV,vvIBDV)的同源性也达到了97．8％以上,并在关键氨基酸位点符合vvIBDV特征,采用Phylip3．5软件分析作出进化树,其结果从分子水平说明六个毒株均为vvIBDV,与欧洲和日本的超强毒株有较近的亲缘关系,而与美洲株的较远,从而为IBDV分子流行病学研究和疫苗的研制提供了科学依据。     

三株牛源亚洲1型口蹄疫病毒聊基因的克隆与序列分析

以3株国内分离的亚洲1型口蹄疫病毒（分别命名为F1、F2、F3）为研究目标,根据GenBank中注册的FMDV VP1基因的序列设计1对引物,采用RT-PCR方法成功地扩增出含有VP1全基因的片段,并测定了3个毒株VP1基因的序列。结果表明,3株亚洲1型FMDV毒株VP1基因长度均为633bp,编码211个氨基酸。3株毒株彼此之间的核苷酸序列同源性在82．8％～99．1％之间,雅导氨基酸序列同源性在89．1％～99．1％之间。从系统发生树看,F1株与我国香港2005年牛毒株序列同源性99．5％,属同一遗传谱系,F2株、F3株与2005年引起河北省万全县、北京市延庆县、甘肃静宁县疫情的毒株分属同一个基因群。     

IBDVvp2基因高变区序列测定与进化分析

本实验采用来源于江苏地区的六株不同鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒(Infectious bursal disease virus,IBDV)毒株,应用RT-PCR法对vp2基因高变区进行了扩增,构建重组质粒pMD18T-vp2,测序.与有代表性的IBDV毒株VP2基因高变区序列进行比较分析,以ClustalX软件进行序列比对,得到基因序列及氨基酸序列同源性,IBDVY3、P2G、P8G、SZ、Y5和W04(6株)IBDV与D6984(荷兰)的同源性达到99.0%以上,与其它一些超强毒株(very virulentIBDV,vvIBDV)的同源性也达到了97.8%以上,并在关键氨基酸位点符合vvIBDV特征,采用Phylip3.5软件分析作出进化树,其结果从分子水平说明六个毒株均为vvIBDV,与欧洲和日本的超强毒株有较近的亲缘关系,而与美洲株的较远,从而为IBDV分子流行病学研究和疫苗的研制提供了科学依据.     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

Interconnection of parameters of regulation system of lipid peroxidation and of morphophysiological parameters of mouse liver

A complex analysis of seasonal fluctuations of the mean group parameters of the system of regulation of lipid peroxidation has been performed in liver of Balb/c mice. Association of lipid characteristics and morphophysiological parameters is studied in the Balb/c mouse liver. An inter-connection is revealed between the liver index and the amount of lysoforms of phospholipids, the scale and character of the interconnection differing essentially depending on proportion of phos-phatidylcholine in mouse liver phospholipids.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

Physiological characteristics of various species of strains of carboxydobacteria

Seven strains of aerobic carbon monoxide-oxidizing bacteria (carboxydebacteria) when growing on CO as sole source of carbon and energy had doubling times which ranged from 12–42 h. The activity profiles obtained after discontinuous sucrose density gradient centrifugation indicated that the CO-oxidizing enzymes are soluble and the hydrogenases are membrane-bound in all strains examined. The CO-oxidizing enzymes of Pseudomonas carboxydohydrogena, Pseudomonas carboxydoflava, Comamonas compransoris, and the so far unidentified strains OM2, OM3, and OM4 had a molecular weight of 230,000; that of Achromobacter carboxydus amounted to 170,000. The molecular weights of the CO-oxidizing and H₂-oxidizing enzymes turned out to be identical. The cell sonicates were shown to catalyze the oxidation of both CO and H₂ with methylene blue, thionine, phenazine methosulfate, toluylene blue, dichlorophenolindophenol, cytochrome c or ferricyanide as electron acceptors. Methyl viologen, benzyl viologen, FAD⁺, FMN⁺, and NAD(P)⁺ were not reduced. The spectrum of electron acceptors was identical for all strains tested. Neither free formate, hydrogen nor oxygen gas were involved in the CO-oxidation reaction. Methylene blue was reduced by CO at a 1:1 molar ratio. The results indicate that CO-oxidation by carboxydobacteria is catalyzed by identical or similar enzymes and that the reaction obeys the equation CO+H₂OCO₂+2H⁺+2e^- as previously shown for Pseudomonas carboxydovorans.Dedicated to Otto Kandler remembering almost three decades of enjoyable cooperation     

Modulation of allostery of pyruvate kinase by shifting of an ensemble of microstates

Since the introduction of the concepts of allostery about four decades ago, much advancement has been made in elucidating the structure-function correlation in allostery. However, there are still a number of issues that remain unresolved. In this review we used mammalian pyruvate kinase (PK) as a model system to understand the role of protein dynamics in modulating cooperativity. PK has a triosephosphate isomerase (TIM)(α/β)₈ barrel structural motif. PK is an ideal system to address basic questions regarding regulatory mechanisms about this common (α/β)₈ structural motif. The simplest model accounting for all of the solution thermodynamic and kinetic data on ligand-enzyme interactions involves two conformational states, inactive E^T and active E^R. These conformational states are represented by domain movements. Further studies provide the first evidence for a differential effect of ligand binding on the dynamics of the structural elements, not major secondary structural changes. These data are consistent with our model that allosteric regulation of PK is the consequence of perturbation of the distribution of an ensemble of states in which the inactive E^T and active E^R represent the two extreme end states. Sequence differences and ligands can modulate the distribution of states leading to alterations of functions. The future work includes: defining the network of functionally connected residues; elucidating the chemical principles governing the sequence differences which affect functions; and probing the nature of mutations on the stability of the secondary structural elements, which in turn modulate allostery.     

（鱼句）亚科花（鱼骨）型鱼类骨骼系统的比较

对我国花型Hemibarbuspattern鱼类作了骨骼系统比较,结果表明,此类型鱼类脑颅较长,副蝶骨平直或稍弯曲,眶蝶骨腹纵嵴发达(铜鱼Coreius septentrionalis例外),下颞窝和咽突中等大,基枕骨后突发达;脑颅中的上筛骨的后突、侧筛骨的外筛突,蝶耳骨的外突、上耳骨的后突、围眶骨和后颞窝等均有明显的差异;咽颅中的舌颌骨、尾舌骨、鳃盖骨和下咽齿的列数等又有显著的区别;附肢骨骼中的腰带骨、脊椎骨中的复合神经骨和第4椎骨腹侧的悬器等也有不同之处。据此,这些差异和区别可作为属间或种间的分类依据。