超声波提取文蛤中氨基酸的工艺

采用正交试验法探讨超声波提取文蛤中氨基酸的最佳工艺条件,用高效液相色谱法测验提取液中氨基酸各组分的含量,用原子吸收光谱法测微量元素及重金属。结果表明：提取的最佳工艺条件是料剂比200g．L^-1～,60℃,中等强度的超声波处理10min。与未处理比较,氨基酸总量提高、蛋白质含量微增,铜、铅、铬含量增多,铁、汞含量降低,锰含量不变。     

超声波法提取野生石蒜中加兰他敏

石蒜是我国丰富的野生资源之一,其鳞茎富含重要药用成分加兰他敏。为了获得石蒜中加兰他敏的超声波提取方法,以野生石蒜为原料,用乙醇作提取剂,探讨了超声波提取加兰他敏的工艺条件,并与常规溶剂法进行了比较。分析了料液比、超声波功率、提取温度、提取时间、提取次数等因素对加兰他敏提取效果的影响,运用正交实验L9(34)确定了最佳提取工艺条件。结果显示,超声波提取加兰他敏的最佳工艺条件为:料液比1:6,超声波功率250 W,提取温度60℃,提取时间1.5 h,提取2次;加兰他敏的提取率为94.6%,产率为0.0543%;提取物中加兰他敏含量为15.53%。与常规溶剂法相比,超声波法具有用时少、提取率高、提取次数少等优点,整体效果优于常规溶剂法。     

沙蛤中牛磺酸的制备研究

以沙蛤提取液中牛磺酸含量为指标,考察乙醇回流法、水煮法和预处理方法,并采用单因素和正交实验法优化工艺条件,确定了沙蛤中提取牛磺酸的最佳工艺。结果:提取牛磺酸的最佳工艺条件为:超声波破碎15 m in,60℃下80%乙醇回流40 m in,该条件下所得牛磺酸质量分数达6.41 mg.g-1原料。结论:超声波破碎与乙醇回流方法相结合,利于牛磺酸溶出,其含量提高26.9%。     

超声波法提取刺五加(Acanthopanax senticosus)中丁香甙的研究

通过均匀设计的试验方法,探计了用超声波法提取刺五加根茎中丁香甙的工艺条件确定的最佳工艺条件为：水为溶剂,溶剂用量8mL／g,超声提取200min,提取温度为室温。     

胰蛋白酶酶解文蛤的工艺条件

用正交试验法确定胰蛋白酶酶解文蛤的最佳工艺条件 ,用薄层层析和氨基酸自动测定仪鉴定酶解液中氨基酸的种类和含量 ,进一步判定酶解效果。结果表明 :在 5 0℃ ,加酶量 2 %,pH8.0 ,酶解 8h的酶解效果最好。层析发现 ,酶解温度为5 0℃的提取液含氨基酸较全面 ,氨基酸自动测定仪测定显示 ,胰蛋白酶酶解法的文蛤提取液中氨基酸的含量大于热水提取法的含量。     

刺葡萄籽中多酚的超声波提取及提取物中齐墩果酸的含量分析

本文研究了超声波法提取刺葡萄籽中多酚类物质的方法,考察了提取剂、提取时间、料液比等因素对提取率的影响。结果表明,用超声波法进行多酚类物质提取的最佳工艺条件为：以70％的丙酮水溶液为提取剂,料液比为1：10,室温下超声波提取两次,每次30min。采用Folin—Ciocaheau方法测定粗提物中多酚的含量,得出刺葡萄籽多酚粗提物得率为4．95％,纯度为49．89％。本文还对多酚粗提物中活性成分齐墩果酸进行了进一步的分离、鉴定与检测。     

银杏叶总黄酮的超声波提取法

本文通过单因素实验和正交实验,确定了超声波法提取银杏叶中黄酮类化合物的最佳提取工艺,并与常规乙醇浸提法,微波提取法作了比较研究。实验表明：超声波提取法优于常规乙醇浸提法和微波提取法。超声波法的最佳操作条件为：320W超声波功率,温度30℃,70％乙醇,在液固比15：1条件下提取10min,连续提取2次,总黄酮提取率可达94．1％。     

超声波法提取槐花中黄酮的最佳工艺研究

本文探讨了影响超声波法槐花中黄酮提取率的主要因素,最后用正交法确定了好的提取工艺,并与常规热回流提取法作了比较研究。结果表明：超声波法优于常规热回流提取法。超声法的最佳提取条件为：使用60％乙醇,在温度75℃料液比1：15条件下提取30min,连续提取2次,黄酮的总提取率可达99．84％。     

扁蓄总黄酮提取方法的比较研究

目的:筛选扁蓄总黄酮的最佳提取方法和提取工艺.方法:以扁蓄总黄酮的提取率为指标,分别采用乙醇回流法、超声波法和微波法提取扁蓄总黄酮,通过正交试验对提取工艺中的温度、固液比、提取功率及时间等技术参数进行考察,使用分光光度法测定扁蓄总黄酮含量.结果:回流提取扁蓄总黄酮提取率为1.09%,超声波提取扁蓄总黄酮的最佳条件为温度80℃,固液比1:10,功率700 W,提取2次,每次20 min,提取率为1.67%,微波法提取扁蓄总黄酮的最佳条件为温度100℃,功率700 W,固液比1:20,提取2次,每次10min,提取率为1.98%.结论:微波提取法提取扁蓄总黄酮具有高效、省时、节能等优点,在中药提取中有良好的应用前景.     

蛹虫草中虫草素、虫草多糖综合提取工艺研究

以蛹虫草为材料．采用超声波水提法、超声波醇提法、水热回流法和醇热回流法4种提取方法选择虫草素和虫草多糖的最优提取办法．并用正交试验方法考察水热回流法中提取温度、提取次数、提取时间、料液比4个因素对虫草素、虫草多精综合提取效率的影响．以确定从蛹虫草中综合提取虫草素、虫草多糖最佳工艺。结果表明．水热回流法是提取虫草多糖和虫草素的最优提取方法．其最佳工艺条件为：用10倍量的水于80℃热回流提取3次．每次90min。     

茶叶中氨基酸的提取方法研究

比较了沸水、0.1 mol·L-1盐酸、甲醇、无水乙醇、85％乙醇、60％乙醇等不同溶剂提取茶叶中氨基酸的效果,结果以60％乙醇超声波法提取60 min最好;比较了用6 mol·L-1盐酸采用电磁水解法和超声波法提取茶叶中氨基酸的效果,电磁水解法优于超声波法,但电磁水解法对含硫氨基酸破坏较大.     

超声波对发酵液中提取透明质酸的影响

目的：提高发酵液中透明质酸的提取率。方法：应用超声波预处理发酵液的方法对醇沉法提取透明质酸的影响进行研究。结果：在超声波功率100W、处理温度15℃、处理时间10min时,透明质酸提取率相对于未经超声波处理的发酵液提高了38.6%。因此,超声波预处理透明质酸发酵液可以达到提高透明质酸提取率的目的。     

苦丁茶中绿原酸及其异构体的提取变化分析

以富含绿原酸类成分的苦丁茶(Ilex kaushue)为材料,使用溶剂甲醇、乙醇、丙酮和水,结合超声波提取、水浴提取、回流提取等方法对绿原酸及其异构体的提取效率及提取后各异构体的变化进行分析。应用超高效液相色谱法可使苦丁茶的6种绿原酸类成分及咖啡酸在6 min内实现分离。提取结果表明,丙酮作为提取溶剂,在采用超声波和水浴提取时能获得较高的提取效率,易获得较多总量的绿原酸类成分和高含量异绿原酸A。而最常用的溶剂乙醇并未达到理想的提取效果。在不同溶剂的回流提取中,虽然提取的绿原酸类成分总量接近,但异绿原酸A和异绿原酸C含量有较大差异。醇溶液特别是乙醇溶液的回流提取使异绿原酸C的量大幅增加,而相应的异绿原酸A的量大幅减少,表明在醇加热条件下,异绿原酸A转化为异绿原酸C,这为获得抗氧化性更强的异绿原酸C提供了新思路。     

超声波对木质纤维素糖化过程影响的研究

将超声波应用在木质纤维素预处理及其酶解糖化过程中,通过SEM、FTIR研究了处理前后纤维素的形态结构和结晶性能,并考察了不同预处理方式对原料 成分的影响和超声波对酶解糖化率的影响。结果表明,超声波作用能有效的破坏纤维素分子中的氢键,降低其结晶程度,而且能有效地提高木质素的脱除率和酶解糖化率。对超声波作用于酶解过程中的机理进行了初步探讨     

Variation in growth,yield and protein concentration in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Saccharina latissima</Emphasis> (Laminariales,Phaeophyceae) cultivated with different wave and current exposures in the Faroe Islands

Ropes seeded directly with Saccharina latissima were deployed at different exposures (sheltered, current exposed and wave exposed) in a Faroese sound and characteristics of growth and quality of the biomass and surroundings were evaluated during the growth season from March to August 2015. Saccharina latissima individuals cultivated at the current exposed location were heavier compared to the individuals cultivated at the other locations; however, the total biomass yield was significantly lower at the current exposed location. The protein and nutritional value of the biomass varied with season but showed no correlation with exposure. The highest protein levels and EAA (essential amino acid) score were measured in the spring (April and May) samples. The amino acid composition was dominated by glutamate followed by aspartic acid; however, this was replaced by methionine in the July samples. Total Kjeldahl nitrogen was significantly higher in May and August compared to July, and the nitrate concentration in the biomass was significantly lower in May and August compared to July. Nitrate was most available in the seawater at the time of deployment (3rd of March) and decreased during spring and summer. Saccharina latissima was cultivated successfully at the sheltered, current exposed and wave exposed locations using a direct seeding method. However, our results indicate that the lower biomass yield at the current exposed cultivation location compared to the sheltered and wave exposed are due to the direct seeding method, and possible limitations using this method need further testing and optimization.     

The chemical composition of the egg shells of the potato cyst-nematode, Heterodera rostochiensis Woll

1. Eggs of the potato cyst-nematode (Heterodera rostochiensis Woll.) were isolated by sieving a suspension of crushed cysts. Eggs were broken open by ultrasonic vibration and the egg shells separated from the released larvae by centrifuging in a potassium tartrate density gradient. About 1 mg. of dried egg shells was obtained from 1000 cysts. 2. The major constituent of the egg shells was protein (59%, calculated from nitrogen content). About 80% of the egg shells went into solution on acid hydrolysis. Of the 18 amino acids determined with the Technicon Auto-Analyser, proline was most abundant and, with aspartic acid, glycine and serine, made up about 64% by weight of the total amino acids. The small amounts of aromatic and sulphur-containing amino acids, and the presence of hydroxy-proline, indicate a collagen-like protein. 3. The egg shells gave a positive van Wisselingh colour test for chitin, and glucosamine was detected in their acid hydrolysate by chromatography. The glucosamine content of the egg shells, determined by the Elson-Morgan colorimetric method, was 7%, corresponding to about 9% chitin. 4. Dried egg shells contained about 7% of lipid, 6% of carbohydrate and 3% of ash. Polyphenols (3% by weight of the egg shells) were detected in the acid hydrolysates. 5. Neither the collagen nor the chitin showed evidence of crystallinity when examined by X-ray diffraction.     

超声空化强度测量的研究进展

近几十年来,超声波已经广泛应用于生物学和医学领域,在医学领域中超声波可以作为信息载体用于探测人体的病变信息,并且可以用一定剂量的超声波作用于人体病变组织,并通过它对组织的作用达到一定的治疗目的。作为一种无创、非介入性外科技术,它的疗效和安全性越来越被人们所关注。超声波与人体组织的相互作用有三种,分别是机械机制,热学机制,和空化机制。对于机械机制和热机制人们比较熟悉,而对于空化机制则相对陌生。随着超声空化在医学中的应用越来越广泛,其安全性越来越受到人们的关心。要么是其强度迭不到治疗效果,要么是其强度过大损伤人体,因此其强度已成为人们关心的主要主题。本文主要介绍超声空化的主要探讨了几种测量方法及对超声空化有影响的几种参量,并对超声空化的发展进行了展望。     

Ultrasonic deposition of cells on a surface

Bacteria in water have been driven to a glass surface by an ultrasonic standing wave. On an antibody coated surface capture of Bacillus subtilis var niger (BG) spores (6.6 x 10(6) ml(-1)) was increased more than 200-fold over above the efficiency in the absence of ultrasound. In microfluidic (non-turbulent) systems detection of particles by sensors operating at a surface is diffusion limited. This results in very low detection abilities particularly for particles with diameters greater than 1 microm. Ultrasound is used here to drive bacterial spores to a wall and overcome this limitation. The results confirm: (1) pressure nodes can be formed close to the water-glass interface when the glass thickness is near half the ultrasonic wavelength; (2) the antibody used was able to capture spores in the presence of an ultrasonic standing wave.     

Relationship between density and ultrasonic velocity in Brazilian tropical woods

In this study, the effect of density on the velocity of an ultrasonic wave in wood is investigated. The aim of the present study was to analyze the influence of density on the longitudinal velocity of an ultrasonic wave, propagated in the longitudinal direction. Experiments were conducted on 5cm x 5cm x 5cm wood specimens selected from the following species: pinus caribea (Pinus caribea var. caribea), eucalyptus citriodora (Eucalyptus citriodora), eucalyptus grandis (Eucalyptus grandis), cupiúba (Goupia glabra) and jatobá (Hymenaea sp.). The relationship between density and velocity was analyzed in two different manners: between and within species. The results obtained between species indicated that ultrasonic velocity tends to increase with increasing density. The results obtained within species also showed an increasing trend in ultrasonic velocity as density increased, but the relationship was not as significant as it was for between species.     

Ultrasonic cell separator as a cell retaining device for high density cultures of plant cell

A system of ultrasonic filter device consisted of an ultrasonic generator, ultrasonic cell separation chamber (resonator) and a guide column, which was developed for suspension cultures of a plant cell. The key operation parameters affecting the efficiency of separation of cells from medium fluid were found to be the voltage of ultrasonic generator, the convective flow rate, and the distance between transducer and reflector. In the high density cultures ofAloe saponaria (>17 g DCW/L), the ultrasonic filter was so efficient that the cell holding time in the separation chamber was 10-fold higher than the case without ultrasonic wave at a convective flow rate of 0.24 cm/min. Furthermore, in perfusion type of high cell density cultures, cell aggregates were observed to be densely held in the ultrasonic chamber by ultrasonic force overcoming both gravitational and drag forces by pump. The accumulated cells were finally overflowed after the holding capacity of the chamber was reached. Back pressure was applied periodically to the resonator to flush cells back to bioreactor. The ultrasonic cell separator could operate over 75 min at a convective flow rate of 0.1 cm/min and at a cell concentration of 17 g DCW/L.