超声波辅助提取山楂籽总黄酮工艺研究

山楂籽是山楂加工业重要副产物,山楂籽富含黄酮类等功效成分,但目前的传统回流提取率相对比较低.基于此,本研究将超声辅助技术应用于山楂籽黄酮提取中.实验结果表明,超声波辅助提取山楂籽总黄酮最优工艺:浸提时间1.5h、超声时间40min、乙醇浓度70%、超声温度65℃、料液比1:18、水浴温度90℃.该条件下,黄酮提取率可达84.3%,与传统回流提取法相比,黄酮提取率提高了15%.     

水浴回流与超声波辅助回流提取百合皂苷工艺比较研究

分别采用单因素试验法和正交试验法对水浴和超声波辅助回流提取法对百合总皂苷的提取工艺进行比较,获得最佳水浴回流提取工艺为:乙醇浓度为50%、温度为90℃、提取时间为3 h、固液比为1∶18。在该工艺条件下百合皂苷的提取率为1.98%;超声波辅助回流提取最佳工艺为:温度为90℃、乙醇浓度为70%、提取时间为25 min、固液比为1∶30、提取功率为105 W。在该工艺条件下百合皂苷的提取率为2.33%,超声波辅助回流提取法的百合皂苷提取率和稳定性、重复性都优于传统的水浴回流提取法。     

核桃楸树皮总黄酮提取方法及工艺研究

对核桃楸树皮总黄酮提取方法及相关影响因素进行探讨。以总黄酮含量为指标,分别考察常规提取法、超声波提取法、回流提取法、索氏提取法对提取率的影响,以及溶剂的种类、浓度与温度对提取率的影响。结果表明,超声波提取法的总黄酮提取率最高;使用60%乙醇在60℃时的总黄酮提取率最高。     

独一味总黄酮提取工艺优化

以独一味Lamiophlomis rotata总黄酮提取率为考察指标,比较乙醇回流法、水煎法、超声法三种提取方法优劣,并通过L9(34)正交试验优选出最佳提取条件。结果显示,乙醇回流法的黄酮提取率显著高于其他两种方法,其最佳提取工艺为用80%乙醇溶液回流提取3次,料液比为1∶50,提取时间25 min。     

凤眼莲总黄酮最佳提取条件的探讨

目的：研究从凤眼莲（Eichhornia crassipes）中提取总黄酮的最佳提取条件。方法：以乙醇为溶剂,采用浸提法和超声波法提取凤眼莲总黄酮,通过单因素实验比较两种提取方法;并对黄酮提取物的抗氧化性进行了研究。结果：浸提法提取凤眼莲中总黄酮的最佳工艺条件：乙醇50%、提取温度70℃、提取时间3h、料液比1：40,总黄酮提取率4.30%;超声波法提取凤眼莲总黄酮的最佳工艺条件：乙醇50%、提取时间30min、料液比1：40、超声功率320W,提取率5.09%;凤眼莲总黄酮清除.OH的能力比甘露醇强,而清除.O2-的能力低于Vc。结论：超声波法是提取黄酮类物质较为理想的途径,凤眼莲总黄酮具有一定抗氧化活性。     

超声与溶剂回流提取南瓜子油的比较研究

应用超声提取与传统热溶剂回流法提取南瓜子油,通过正交实验法考察了料液比、提取时间和超声功率3个因素对提取率的影响,得到了最佳超声提取工艺条件：料液比为1∶15(w/v),提取时间为0.5 h,超声功率为250 W,优化条件下提取率为50.8%,对照热溶剂回流提取法的提取率49.9%（6.0 h）;南瓜子油的GC-MS分析结果显示两种方法对南瓜子油成分无明显影响;超声提取的南瓜子油酸价（1.51 mg·g^-1）低于热溶剂回流提取法（3.25 mg·g^-1）。上述结果表明超声提取南瓜子油与热溶剂提取法比较具有操作简便、省时和低酸价的优点。     

银杏叶总黄酮的超声波提取法

本文通过单因素实验和正交实验,确定了超声波法提取银杏叶中黄酮类化合物的最佳提取工艺,并与常规乙醇浸提法,微波提取法作了比较研究。实验表明：超声波提取法优于常规乙醇浸提法和微波提取法。超声波法的最佳操作条件为：320W超声波功率,温度30℃,70％乙醇,在液固比15：1条件下提取10min,连续提取2次,总黄酮提取率可达94．1％。     

扁蓄总黄酮提取方法的比较研究

目的:筛选扁蓄总黄酮的最佳提取方法和提取工艺.方法:以扁蓄总黄酮的提取率为指标,分别采用乙醇回流法、超声波法和微波法提取扁蓄总黄酮,通过正交试验对提取工艺中的温度、固液比、提取功率及时间等技术参数进行考察,使用分光光度法测定扁蓄总黄酮含量.结果:回流提取扁蓄总黄酮提取率为1.09%,超声波提取扁蓄总黄酮的最佳条件为温度80℃,固液比1:10,功率700 W,提取2次,每次20 min,提取率为1.67%,微波法提取扁蓄总黄酮的最佳条件为温度100℃,功率700 W,固液比1:20,提取2次,每次10min,提取率为1.98%.结论:微波提取法提取扁蓄总黄酮具有高效、省时、节能等优点,在中药提取中有良好的应用前景.     

响应面法优化余甘叶中黄酮提取工艺

以余甘叶为试材,利用超声波辅助提取余甘叶黄酮,研究料液比、乙醇浓度、超声时间、超声功率对黄酮提取率的影响,并在单因素试验的基础上,通过响应面分析法优化提取工艺。结果表明,余甘叶中黄酮最佳超声提取条件为：料液比1∶73、乙醇浓度50%、超声时间30 min、超声功率210 W,在此条件下黄酮实际提取率为19.51%。     

栾树黄酮类化合物的提取及微乳薄层色谱分析

在单因素试验的基础上,用正交试验法对栾树叶中黄酮类化合物提取的最佳条件进行了研究,结果表明,用70％乙醇,料液比为1：10(W／V),在75(、下回流提取3次,每次2h,提取率高。以十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)-正丁醇-正庚烷水按11.7：15．6：2．7：70．0的比例组成的O／W型微乳液,可使栾树黄酮类化合物分离完全．分离效果好。从栾树叶中分离得到11个黄酮斑点,果实中分离得7个黄酮斑点,果壳中分离得8个黄酮斑点。     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

Interconnection of parameters of regulation system of lipid peroxidation and of morphophysiological parameters of mouse liver

A complex analysis of seasonal fluctuations of the mean group parameters of the system of regulation of lipid peroxidation has been performed in liver of Balb/c mice. Association of lipid characteristics and morphophysiological parameters is studied in the Balb/c mouse liver. An inter-connection is revealed between the liver index and the amount of lysoforms of phospholipids, the scale and character of the interconnection differing essentially depending on proportion of phos-phatidylcholine in mouse liver phospholipids.     

Time of detection of recessive genes: effects of system of mating and number of examined individuals

Summary Anthers were cultured from two sets of seven lines of hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) with different cytoplasms, the euplasmic nucleus donors, Siete Cerros 66 and Penjamo 62, as well as their six alloplasmic lines derived from wild relative species of the genera Triticum and Aegilops. Significant cytoplasmic and nuclear effects but no cytoplasmic-nuclear interaction were found for embryogenic anther response, with the best performance of Penjamo 62 in Ae. kotschyi cytoplasm. Plant regeneration was not affected significantly by the cytoplasmic background of the lines cultured. The possible genetic implications of the observed cytoplasmic and nuclear influences on the in vitro haploid induction of wheat are discussed.