产壳聚糖酶菌株的筛选、鉴定及酶学特性分析

【目的】利用筛选培养基,从福建沿海潮间带泥样中分离筛选产壳聚糖酶的菌株,并研究菌株的产酶特性。【方法】通过形态学观察,结合26S rDNA序列进行分类鉴定,采用DNS法测定酶活力。【结果】筛选得到产壳聚糖酶的菌株KQ-1002与草酸青霉(Penicillium oxalicum)的同源性为99%,并初步鉴定为青霉属的一种。发酵培养的最适温度为30°C,最适碳源为1.0%水溶性壳聚糖,最适氮源为1.87%(NH4)2SO4,最适pH为6.0。该菌株液体发酵培养72 h产壳聚糖酶活性最高,经优化后最高产酶量为18 U/mL。纯化后的壳聚糖酶经SDS-PAGE分析其分子量约40 kD。酶促反应最适pH为5.0,最适反应温度为55°C,Km值为1.293 g/L。在离子浓度为1.0×10 3mol/L时,金属离子Cu2+、Hg2+、Ag+对酶的活性均有强烈的抑制作用。壳聚糖酶对不同底物及脱乙酰度的壳聚糖具有不同的降解作用。【结论】筛选获得产壳聚糖酶的真菌菌株KQ-1002的壳聚糖酶活力经优化后提高了约7倍,是一株具有研究和应用潜力的产壳聚糖酶菌株。     

产壳聚糖酶内生真菌的筛选、鉴定及酶活力初步研究

植物内生真菌是挖掘不同类型壳聚糖酶及发现新酶的资源宝库。该研究从122株柑橘和血散薯内生真菌中筛选能产生壳聚糖酶的菌株,对其进行鉴定,初步研究酶活力影响因素,为后期其酶学性质及产壳聚糖酶内生真菌与宿主植物病害防御互作关系的研究奠定基础。通过透明圈法初筛结合液体发酵法进行复筛,得到2株可产生壳聚糖酶的内生真菌Stdif9和Stdif9-4,并发现Stdif9-4最高酶活力(0.968 U·mL^-1)显著高于Stdif9(0.780 U·mL^-1)。采用形态学和分子生物学结合的方法将菌株Stdif9-4鉴定为青霉属菌株,即Penicillium sp. Stdif9-4。通过DNS试剂法初步研究影响该菌株产壳聚糖酶活力的因素,发现不同培养时间对菌株壳聚糖酶活力具有显著影响,在培养96 h时,壳聚糖酶活力达到最大值。9种金属离子对菌株的酶活力具有不同影响,其中Mn²⁺和Ca²⁺对壳聚糖酶活力具有明显的激活作用; Ag⁺、Zn²⁺、Cd²⁺、Ba²⁺和Fe³⁺对壳聚糖酶活力具有不同程度的抑制作用,并且Ag⁺的抑制作用最为显著; K⁺和Na⁺对壳聚糖酶活力无显著影响。不同培养代数菌株产酶活力无显著差异,说明其产酶活力稳定。     

产壳聚糖酶菌株的分离、鉴定及发酵条件优化

从废弃食用菌培养基周围土壤中分离得到一株产壳聚糖酶的菌株,结合形态学特征与26SrDNA序列进行了分类学鉴定,结果表明,该菌株与高山被孢霉(Mortierella alpina)的同源性较高,达99%,初步鉴定为被孢霉属的一种,命名为KB-1001。并对该菌株的产酶特性进行了研究,结果表明,该菌株液体发酵培养产酶高峰出现在第84h,最适碳源为1%的水溶性壳聚糖,最适氮源为1.87%的(NH4)2SO4,摇瓶培养的最适初始pH值为6.0,最适温度为28℃～30℃,接种量为4%,最佳装瓶量为70 mL/250 mL,150 r/min摇瓶培养,经优化培养后,该菌株发酵液中壳聚糖酶活力最高达到8.130 U/mL。比原始的未经发酵条件优化的产酶活性提高了12.78%。     

产壳聚糖酶菌株的初步筛选

通过大量的筛选,获得了产壳聚糖酶较好的菌株Y2、Y4、Y8。其发酵液所产壳聚糖酶的酶活力分别为2．0U／ml,2．1U／ml,2．2U／ml。     

土壤中选育产壳聚糖酶菌株的研究

采用酶法降解壳聚糖具有反应条件易于控制、产物安全性高和环境污染少等独特的优越性。因此,筛选出高活力产壳聚糖酶菌株有着重要意义。该研究以不同地区采集土样分离出的1株细菌为出发菌株S,采用紫外线诱变（30W,20cm,5min）,经初筛和复筛及控温培养处理,获得了一株产壳聚糖酶较好的突变菌株,结果表明：所产酶活力达到3．47U/ml,酶活力提高近2倍,并具有较好的遗传稳定性,明显优于出发菌株,为发酵产壳聚糖酶的进一步研究提供了高产菌株。     

高活性壳聚糖酶制剂的制备及其对壳聚糖降解作用的研究

对系列壳聚糖酶高产菌株的产酶性能及产酶发酵液的壳聚糖酶活性进行了比较,从中筛选出一株优良芽孢杆菌菌株,其产酶发酵液的壳聚糖酶活力高达5000U/mL(以单位时间内底物壳聚糖的减少量确定酶活力)。利用此粗制壳聚糖酶制剂对壳聚糖进行酶解产糖的研究表明:壳聚糖的转化率及壳寡糖的产率在适合的酶解条件下,短时间内即可接近100%。     

壳聚糖酶生产菌的筛选、鉴定及其产酶培养条件的研究

从土样中分离到60株分泌胞外壳聚糖酶的菌株,经过筛选,其中有1株细菌产酶能力较高.生理生化试验鉴定该细菌为假单胞菌(Pseudomonas sp.).对假单胞菌产酶的培养条件研究结果表明:最适培养基组分为(g/L):壳聚糖5,氨基葡萄糖2,硝酸氨2,MgSO4·7H2O 0.5,KH2PO4 0.4,KCL 0.5,FeSO4·7H2O 0.01,起始pH 6.5;适宜培养条件是:接种量2.0×107个/50ml培养液,28℃,120 r/min振荡培养3d.     

高产壳聚糖酶菌株的筛选及分类鉴定

目的：筛选一株高产壳聚糖酶的菌株。方法：通过形态学、生理生化及16S rDNA序列测定,对菌株进行分类鉴定。在培养基中以壳聚糖为唯一碳源,对长白山天池边的土样进行筛选。结果：获得一株产壳聚糖酶活力较高的菌株,最大酶活力达0．325U／ml。结论：经16S rDNA序列比对,该菌株与Beta proteobacterium的同源性高达99％。结合《伯杰细菌鉴定手册》（第九版）,将该菌株鉴定为Beta proteobacterium属的一个种,定名为Beta proteobacterium sp．T1。     

产壳聚糖酶菌株的发酵条件优化

方法:通过单因子实验,对保存的1株产壳聚糖酶的菌株C001进行发酵产酶条件优化,确定了最适产酶培养基组分.结果:温度30℃,发酵时间18h,pH5.5,接种量5%优化发酵条件后,产壳聚糖酶活力增长了37.4%.     

高产壳聚糖酶菌株的筛选及分类鉴定

目的在于筛选一株高产壳聚糖酶的菌株,通过形态学、生理生化及16SrDNA序列测定,对菌株进行分类鉴定。对长白山天池边的土样进行筛选,获得一株产壳聚糖酶活力较高的菌株,最大酶活力达0．325U／mL。经16SrDNA序列比对,该菌株与Beta proteobacterium的同源性高达99％。结合《伯杰细菌鉴定手册》（第9版）,将该菌株鉴定为Beta proteobacterium属的一个种,定名为Betaproteobac-tenure sp．T1。     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒研究进展

传染性法氏囊病(Infection bursal disease, IBD)是由鸡传染性法氏囊病毒(Infectious bursal disease virus, IBDV)引起的鸡和火鸡的一种高度接触性传染病,给世界各国的禽养殖业带来了巨大损失.自IBDV发现至今新的变异株不断出现,分子结构的改变导致病毒致病力的改变及宿主对疫苗应答的改变,使得传统的疫苗已不能控制其流行,因此各国学者对其基因组结构和功能进行了广泛深入的研究,并积极研制新型有效的疫苗以达到防治的目的.     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).