大鼠左室心肌收缩性能指标的测定

81例正常大鼠在乌拉坦麻醉下经颈动脉进行左室插管,测得 dp/dl_(max)为6772±122 mmHg/s(SE,下同),-dp/dt_(max)为5257±128mmHg/s,V_(max)为6.27±0.09肌长度/秒。雌雄间无显著性差别。V_(max)/dt_(max)高度相关(r=0.83,p<0.0005),而与心率、平均动脉压、左室舒张末压等均无显著相关。其中6例静脉注射心得安0.5mg/kg 后主要收缩性能指标均降低。另30例大鼠用箭毒2mg/kg 腹腔注射后,除动脉舒张压无明显变化外,各项指标也都显著降低。本文提示 V_(max)与 dp/dt_(max)为反映大鼠心肌收缩性能较好的指标。所得大鼠左室收缩性能指标的正常值可供实验时参考。     

低通气量呼吸对犬左空心肌收缩性的影响

大量的研究表明,急性呼吸衰竭时多伴有心血管功能的损害,但有关急性呼吸衰竭对于左室心肌收缩性的影响所知甚少。本文对开胸麻醉犬在低通气引起呼吸衰竭时,左室心肌收缩性的变化进行了观测和分析。结果表明,在实验组(n=9)低通气呼吸(通气量小于160ml/min/kg,PaO_2小于60mmHg)时,心率(HR)、主动脉平均压(MOP)、左室收缩峰压(LV-SP)、左室内压最大上升速率(dP/dt_(max))、节段心肌发展张力(DT)及其最大发展速率(dT/dt_(max))均显著降低,心肌开始收缩至dp/dt_(max)的时间(t-dp/dt_(max))和至dT/dt_(max)的时间(t-dT/dt_(max))则显著增加,与低通气呼吸前比较均有统计学差异。而在对照组(n=5)保持正常通气(通气量大于450ml/min/kg,PaO_2大于70mmHg),观察45min,未见上述指标有明显改变。本研究表明,急性呼吸衰竭时左室心肌收缩性严重受损。     

慢性缺氧对大鼠心室功能和ATP酶活性的影响

将大鼠置于不同模拟海拔高度低压舱内4d,观察其左、右心室功能代偿与失代偿的某些生物化学基础。结果表明,5000m中度缺氧4d使左、右心室功能、重量、心肌蛋白含量及Ca~(2 )-ATP酶活性均有不同程度的增高。提示机体在整体、心脏器官及心肌细胞分子各个水平的代偿机制均有加强。8000m重度缺氧4d后,左室重量增加,dp/dt_(max)与蛋白含量均下降,肌原纤维ATP酶活性则保持中度缺氧的代偿水平,提示左心功能似已受到损害。与此同时,右室蛋白含量虽也明显减少,但其ATP酶活性则继续增高,dp/dt_(max)未出现下降,表明右心功能仍具有相当的代偿能力。从而支持我们关于在短期内因供氧严重不足而造成的左室心肌的直接损伤作用大于右室心肌的推论。     

麻醉开胸狗左室收缩末期压力直径关系及其对正变力因素的敏感性

心室收缩末期压力容积关系和压力直径关系(ESPVR和ESPDR),是评定心室收缩能力的较好指标。本工作记录13只麻醉开胸狗左室内压,并用超声晶体植入法记录左室前后径。将阻截下腔静脉回流(IVC)降低前负荷以及狭缩胸主动脉(AO)增加后负荷两种情况下所获得的一系列连续心跳的收缩末期压力(Pes)和直径(Des),经最小二乘法求得IVC和AO时的ESPDR。结果表明:(1) IVC或AO情况下获得的Pes与Des均高度线性相关(r值分别为0.9505±0.0578和0.9298±0.0581,P均<0.001);(2) 注入多巴酚丁胺(dob)后,IVC和AO时的ESPDR直径轴截距(Do)均无改变,斜率(E_(max))则明显增大,且IVC时的增加(174.4±23.5％)大于AO时(78.7±22.6％);(3) 对照和dob两种情况下,AO时ESPDR的D_0均小于IVC时。提示麻醉开胸狗左室ESPDR的斜率对变力状态的变化敏感,但其敏感性以及ESPDR的直径轴截距受获得ESPDR所采用的改变负荷的方式的影响,其原因可能是不同方式改变负荷时引起的Pes和Ves变动范围有所不同的缘故。     

急性低氧下钙阻断剂对左,右心泵功能的影响

在20条麻醉开胸狗上,用RM-6000多道仪同步记录左心室内峰压(LVP)、左室压力变化率(L+dP/dt_(max))、右心室内峰压(RVP)、右室压力变化率(R±dp/dt_(max))、肺动脉压力(P_(Pa))、主动脉血流每搏峰值(Fa)、心率(HR)等各项生理指标,观察钙通道阻断剂Nife-dipine,Diltiazem和Verapamil对左、右心室功能影响。在钙通道阻断剂处理后,左室的LVP,L±dp/dt_(max)下降,而Fa增加;右室的RVF,R±dp/dt_(max)和P_(Pa)均有升高趋势,显示钙通道阻断剂对左、右心泵功能的影响不同。这可能提示左、右心室功能对钙离子的依赖程度不同。在急性低氧状态下,此三种钙阻断剂均使急性低氧引起LVP的增加反应消失,Fa增加明显,Verapamil和Diltiazem有减轻急性低氧引起的RVP和P_(Pa)的增压作用。从这些钙通道阻断剂对左右心泵功能影响的比较来看,Diltiazem比Verapamil和Nifedipine对急性低氧状态下的心泵功能有较好的作用。     

实验性红细胞增多和慢性缺氧对右心室肥大的影响

为了研究红细胞增多对缺氧性肺动脉高压和右室肥大的影响,将大鼠分为四组:常氧对照组;单纯红细胞增多组;慢性缺氧组;慢性缺氧复合红细胞增多组。结果表明,单纯红细胞增多引起右室V_(max)、右室收缩压和右室重量指数增加。慢性缺氧不仅引起右室±dP/dt_(max)和V_(max)增加,还引起右室收缩压和右室重量指数增加。慢性缺氧复合红细胞增多进一步使右室收缩压和右室重量指数增加。此外,还出现左室重量指数增加。以上结果表明,红细胞增多在缺氧性肺动脉高压和右室肥大中起着重要作用。     

慢性缺氧对两种不同敏感性大鼠肺动脉压和右心功能的影响

将国外引进繁殖的“缺氧敏感大鼠”(Hilltop SD)和国内常用的实验大鼠(Wistar)同时放在模拟5000米高度的低压舱内进行慢性缺氧,(分平原对照和缺氧4、10、20、30、40天六组),发现HT大鼠的肺动脉压升高程度明显大于W大鼠。在缺氧20天以内,随着肺动脉压的升高,两种大鼠右室心肌收缩性能指标[ dp/dt_(max),( dp/dt_(max)(/RVSP)和舒张性能指标[-dp/dt_(max),(-dp/dt_(max)/RVSP]相应增加。但HT大鼠的心脏代偿功能比W大鼠好。缺氧30天以后,上述心肌性能指标均有下降趋势。关于HT大鼠与W大鼠对缺氧敏感性的差异原因尚待进一步研究。     

肾性高血压大鼠肥大心肌的力速关系和收缩末期张力长度关系

左肾动脉部分狭窄造成大鼠肾血管性高血压,研究高血压四周肥大心肌的力速关系,收缩末期张力长度关系(ESTLR)以及对细胞外高钙的反应。结果表明:(1)肥大心肌主动峰张力 PT 轻度增大,零负荷最大缩短速度 V_(max)明显减小,收缩时程 TPT 延长(P<0.01),力速曲线向下移位;(2)高血压组心肌 ESTLR 与对照相似,亦为非线性的指数曲线。回归参数a(总张力)、k(静息张力)、b(曲线曲率)和 L。(最大缩短程度)均无明显改变(P>0.05),(3)高钙灌流时,肥大心肌的反应(△PT,△V_(max)和△TPT)与对照间无显著差异(P>0.05)。上述结果提示:高血压心肌肥大早期基础力学性能的变化以力速分离现象为特征,此时心肌功能的异常可能与肌膜钙转运系统的功能状态无关;对于心肌收缩能力的这种慢性改变,心肌力学指标比 ESTLR 类参数更敏感。     

附子不同组分抗急性心力衰竭大鼠的实验研究

从血流动力学和神经体液因子两方面探讨附子不同组分对大鼠急性心力衰竭模型的治疗作用。采用盐酸普罗帕酮复制急性心力衰竭模型,记录造模前后以及给药后5、10、20、30、60 min大鼠心脏频率(HR)、左心室最大上升速率(+dp/dt_(max))和左心室最大下降速率(-dp/dt_(max))值的变化,并测定血清中Ang-Ⅰ、Ang-Ⅱ、TNF-α和ANP含量。结果显示,正常大鼠造模后,其HR和+dp/dt_(max)明显降低,-dp/dt_(max)明显升高,且Ang-Ⅰ、Ang-Ⅱ、TNF-α、ANP均有升高趋势。与模型组比较,总生物碱组和水溶性生物碱组可不同程度的升高模型大鼠各时间点的HR、+dp/dt_(max),降低-dp/dt_(max);且总生物碱组、水溶性生物碱组、脂溶性生物碱组和多糖组均有一定降低模型大鼠血清中Ang-Ⅰ、Ang-Ⅱ、TNF-α、ANP水平含量的趋势。结果表明总生物碱对改善血流动力学作用最强,其次是水溶性生物碱,且两者均能显著降低血清中与心力衰竭有关的神经体液因子,有效治疗急性心力衰竭,由此可见,附子水溶性生物碱以及总生物碱是其发挥强心作用的主要物质基础。     

刺激腓深神经对低血压或休克狗心血管活动的影响

实验在麻醉狗中进行。静脉内匀速注射硝普钠时,平均动脉压和左心室收缩压明显降低,左心室dp/dt_(max)、-dp/dt_(max)和心力环面积均明显减小。此时电刺激一侧腓深神经可使动脉血压和左心室收缩压明显升高,dp/dt_(max)和心力环面积也显著增加。停止刺激后,动脉血压和左心室收缩压逐渐回向刺激前的水平。停止注射硝普钠5～15分钟后,上述各项观察指标基本恢复到注药前的水平。在用大肠杆菌内毒素造成休克的狗中,电刺激一侧腓深神经,也能使平均动脉压和左心室收缩压升高,同时dp/dt_(max)、-dp/dt_(max)和肠系膜血管阻力明显增高,但肾血管阻力增加不明显。本实验结果与以往的实验资料一起表明,在用扩血管药造成低血压时,躯体神经刺激引起的升压效应似乎以心肌收缩力增加为主;而在内毒素休克时,躯体神经刺激可通过改善心肌收缩功能和增加内脏血管阻力而引起升压作用。     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒研究进展

传染性法氏囊病(Infection bursal disease, IBD)是由鸡传染性法氏囊病毒(Infectious bursal disease virus, IBDV)引起的鸡和火鸡的一种高度接触性传染病,给世界各国的禽养殖业带来了巨大损失.自IBDV发现至今新的变异株不断出现,分子结构的改变导致病毒致病力的改变及宿主对疫苗应答的改变,使得传统的疫苗已不能控制其流行,因此各国学者对其基因组结构和功能进行了广泛深入的研究,并积极研制新型有效的疫苗以达到防治的目的.     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.