用裂解气液色谱法鉴定昆虫包涵体病毒的初步研究

用Shimadzu GC-9A气相色谱仪和PyR-2A管式炉裂解器,对11株昆虫包涵体病毒进行了裂解气相色谱鉴定,通过对“指纹图”的分析,既可明显地区分GV、NPV和CPV包涵体病毒彼此间的差异,亦可较好的区别不同分离株间的异同,实验结果初步证明,用裂解气液色谱法分析、鉴定昆虫包涵体病毒是可行的。     

裂解气相色谱法和聚类分析在病毒识别中的应用研究

应用裂解气相色谱法和系统聚类分析对56株不同地方分离株昆虫病毒（其中NPV29株,CPV11株,GV16株）进行了识别分析．利用欧氏距离系数的8种系统聚类算法所得聚类树状图谱,结果表明,通过裂解指纹图特征峰的分析,可明显地区分NPV、CPV、GV彼此间的差异和相同亚群的不同分离株间的异同．用聚类分析进一步证明裂解气相色谱法对昆虫病毒识别的可行性,从而为病毒的分类鉴定提供了准确、快速、重复性好的一种现代分析方法。     

棉铃虫核型多角体病毒的血清学研究

用提纯的棉铃虫核型多角体病毒(NPV)的多角体蛋白和病毒粒子免疫家兔制备抗血清,用免疫扩散和对流免疫电泳对四林棉铃虫NPV的多角体蛋白和病毒粒于进行了血清学比较研究。四株棉铃虫NPV分为两个包埋类型：单粒包埋型和多粒包埋型。soI．{3株和H．M株属前者,VHA 273株和XIA 10株属后者。同一株NPV的多角体蛋白或病毒粒子只与它们同源抗血清有反应。它们之间无交叉反应,表明同一株NPV的多角体蛋白和病毒粒子各具有特异的抗原。四株NPV的多角体蛋白不仅与同源的多角体蛋白抗血清有反应,而且也与异 源的多角体蛋白抗血清有交叉反应,说明四株NPV多角体蛋白具有共同的抗原。而四株病毒粒子与同源的病毒粒子抗血清有反应,在它们之间无交叉反应,表明四株NPv病毒粒子各具有自己特异的抗原。     

薄荷伪造桥虫NPV感染斜纹夜蛾幼虫分离的一种新NPV特性的研究

用薄荷伪造桥虫核型多角体病毒(Argroyamma agnata NPV)(以下简称Aa NPV)在室内感染斜纹夜蛾(Prodenia litura)幼虫,从死虫体内分离到一种NPV。经电镜观察,多角体蛋白分析、病毒核酸的限制性内切酶酶解分析等研究,证明此多角体直径为1.5—2.6/μm,病毒粒子为杆状,其大小为100—150×420nm,病毒粒子为多粒包埋型。提纯的多角体蛋白只有一种多肽,分子量为33,500d,提纯的病毒粒子的结构多肽至少有15种,其分子量范围为15,600     

原位化学切割法对油桐尺蠖核型多角体病毒两种相似多肽的比较研究

油桐尺蠖核型多角体病毒(BsNPV)自1978年分离以来,对其形态结构、形态发生、毒力测定、血清学、理化特性、安全性试验、剂型研究及大田应用等已进行了广泛的研究,其基因组物理图谱也已构建。采用SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE)研究BsNPV蛋白质时发现,多角体蛋白与病毒粒子的一种主要蛋白质的分子量非常接近,     

昆虫病毒多角体蛋白基因的克隆及其在大肠杆菌中的表达

将含有大尺蠖核型多角体病毒(BsNPV)多角体蛋白基因(ocu)的BamHl一H片段克隆到表达载体pDR 540的BamiHl位点,得到能抗高浓度氨苄青霉素(200μg／ml)的两个阳性重组体,其胞外总蛋白比亲本质粒高1．1-1．4倍。在大肠杆菌细胞中,BsNPV ocu基因在原核杂合启动子tac驱动下能高水平的表达,表达量达到0．8和4．7mg／ml。免疫沉淀反应证明,表达蛋白为BsNPV的包涵体蛋白,凝胶过摅法测定的平均分子量为32.1×103道尔顿。     

棉铃虫核型多角体病毒多角体蛋白聚集体特性及与其它包涵体蛋白的血清学关系

纯化的多角体碱解释放多角体蛋白,经等电点沉淀和柱层析对多角体蛋白进行分离纯化,结合SDS-PAGE、免疫双向扩散、免疫电镜等方法,证明棉铃虫核型多角体病毒(HaNPV)的多角体蛋白以聚集体形式存在。用ELISA法检测包涵体蛋白之间的血清学关系,结果表明,与黄地老虎颗粒体病毒(AsGV)和粘虫颗粒体病毒(PsGV)颗粒体蛋白相比较,HaNPV多角体蛋白与葡萄天蛾核型多角体病毒(ArNPV)和黄地老虎核型多角体病毒(AsNPV)多角体蛋白之间的血清学关系更为密切。     

小麦丛矮病毒N蛋白的酶加工现象

经SDS-聚丙烯酰胺梯度电泳可以从提纯的小麦丛矮病毒中分离出五种结构蛋白。其中,在N蛋白区域又可分辨出分子量相差2KD的两条蛋白蒂,N_1=46K,N_2=44K。从电泳中分离得到的N_1及N_2蛋白经同位素~(125)I标记后的双向指纹图谱证明没有明显差异,为同一种蛋白质。又通过N末端分析证明N_1的末端为Ser.,N_2为His,初步断定N_1与N_2是前体与酶解产物之间的关系。实验还证明小麦丛矮病毒的核衣壳制剂具有专一酶解N_1至N_2的能力,首次证明了植物弹状病毒的核衣壳具有蛋白水解酶的活力。本文还提出了N蛋白的酶加工现象在弹状病毒的复制和转录的调控过程中可能起重要作用的设想。     

两种提取菜粉蝶颗粒体病毒方法的比较

为了有效的制备菜粉蝶(Pieris rapae)颗粒体病毒(简称PrGV)杀虫剂。我们对丙酮-乳糖共沉和低速差速离心两种提取病毒的方法进行了比较。前者是以乳糖作为病毒包涵体表面的     

油桐尺蠖核型多角体病毒多角体蛋白的理化性质及二级结构预测

由SDS及梯度胶电泳测得油桐尺蠖核型多角体病毒（BsNPV）多角体蛋白天然状态及亚基分子量分别为363kD与31.5kD,从而推断此蛋白为十二聚体,亚基间无二硫键作用．BsNPV多角体蛋白的远紫外圆二色谱显示,它的二级结构含有31．7％的α螺旋,23．8％的β折叠及44．5％的无规卷曲,与二级结构预测结果相符．通过荧光光谱实验推知,BsNPV多角体蛋白的表面疏水性弱,其色氨酸残基位于蛋白疏水核内部．     

Comparative peptide mapping of baculovirus polyhedrins

Amino terminals and two-dimensional high-voltage peptide maps of tryptic digests of polyhedrins from Heliothis armigera nuclear polyhedrosis virus (NPV), Heliothis zea NPV, and Anticarsa gemmatalis NPV were compared with previously characterized granulins and polyhedrins. Similarities and differences were detected in the tryptic maps, while each protein produced a unique peptide map composite. Amino-terminal determination of eight polyhedrins and granulins resulted in three different end groups.     

Application of a novel radioimmunoassay to identify baculovirus structural proteins that share interspecies antigenic determinants

Immunological comparisons were made of baculovirus structural proteins by using a modification of the radioimmunological techniques described by Renart et al. (Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 76: 3116-3120, 1979) and Towbin et al. (Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 76: 4350-4354, 1979). Viral proteins were electrophoresed in polyacrylamide gels, transferred to nitrocellulose, and incubated with viral antisera, and the antibodies were detected with ¹²⁵I-labeled Staphylococcus aureus protein A. Antisera were prepared to purified and intact virions from five baculoviruses: Autographa californica, Porthetria dispar, Trichoplusia ni, and Heliothis zea nuclear polyhedrosis viruses (NPVs) and T. ni granulosis virus (GV). These antisera were tested against the virion structural polypeptides of 17 different species of baculoviruses. Specific multiple-nucleocapsid NPV (MNPV), single-nucleocapsid NPV (SNPV), and GV virion polypeptides were shown to have similar antigenic determinants and thus be immunologically related. The molecular weights of the virion polypeptides with cross-reacting antigenic determinants were identified. Antisera prepared to purified A. californica and H. zea MNPV polyhedrin (the occlusion body protein from NPVs) recognized antigenic determinants on all the polyhedrins and granulins (occlusion body protein from GVs) that were tested. No immunological relationship was detected between A. californica MNPV polyhedrin and any of the A. californica MNPV virion structural polypeptides present on either the virus isolated from occlusion bodies or A. californica MNPV extracellular virus from infected-cell cultures.     

Production of polyhedrin monoclonal antibodies for distinguishing two Orgyia pseudotsugata baculoviruses.

Monoclonal antibodies were produced to polyhedrins from Orgyia pseudotsugata multicapsid nuclear polyhedrosis virus (OpMNPV) and single-capsid nuclear polyhedrosis virus (OpSNPV). Although the polyhedrins are closely related, antibodies were selected which allowed differentiation between the two viruses. In an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, purified OpMNPV and OpSNPV polyhedrins could be detected by specific monoclonal antibodies at concentrations as low as 2 and 5 ng/ml, respectively. The antibodies were also capable of identifying their homologous polyhedrin in extracts of infected insects. These antibodies would be useful for monitoring production of the viral insecticide, TM Biocontrol-1, which by license must contain only OpMNPV, and to confirm that insect mortality after aerial spraying with this insecticide is attributable to OpMNPV infection.     

Granulins, a novel class of peptide from leukocytes

We report the isolation and characterization of a novel class of leukocyte peptides with possible cytokine-like activities which we call granulins. They are cystine-rich with molecular weights of approximately 6 Kda, except for granulin D, which appears to be a dimer. We present the sequence of one member of this family, a 56 residue peptide, granulin A, and amino-terminal sequences for three other granulins from human peripheral leukocytes. A fifth related peptide was isolated and partially sequenced from rat bone marrow, suggesting that at least some of the granulin in peripheral leukocytes is preformed in the marrow. Rat granulin, and human granulin A, are closely related, showing that the granulin structures are highly conserved between species.     

Baculovirus surface display of SARS coronavirus (SARS-CoV) spike protein and immunogenicity of the displayed protein in mice models

The baculovirus surface display technique has provided an ideal tool to display foreign proteins with natural conformation, functions, and immunogenicity. In this work, we explored the application of this technique on SARS-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV) spike (S) protein, and further analyzed the immunogenicity of displayed S protein. The entire ectodomain of S protein was fused between the gp64 signal peptide and the VSV-G membrane anchor and successfully displayed on the baculovirus surface. Subcutaneous injection with purified S-displayed baculoviruses without adjuvant elicited highly effective production of specific and neutralizing antibodies against S protein in mice. These results confirmed a successful surface display of S protein on baculoviruse, and suggested a potential role of S-displayed baculoviruses as a novel live virus-based vaccine candidate for SARS-CoV.     

Latent infection of a new alphanodavirus in an insect cell line

Insect BTI-TN-5B1-4 (Tn5) cells have been used extensively with recombinant baculoviruses to express foreign genes. When a recombinant baculovirus containing the hepatitis E virus capsid protein gene was used to infect Tn5 cells, unknown virus particles in addition to the anticipated hepatitis E virus-like particles were produced in the infected cells. The unknown virus particles were 35 nm in diameter and contained RNA that was highly homologous to full-length RNA1 (3,107 bp) and RNA2 (1,383 bp) genomic RNAs of flock house virus. Surprisingly, both RNAs seen in these induced nodavirus particles could be amplified from commercially available Tn5 cells without infection with or induction by a baculovirus. The nucleotide sequences from the purified nodavirus particles and the normal Tn5 cells were identical, demonstrating that the Tn5 cells themselves were latently infected with a nodavirus. However, the generation of nodavirus particles was significantly stimulated by infection with recombinant baculoviruses. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that this new nodavirus belongs to the genus Alphanodavirus in the family Nodaviridae.     

Purification of Primordial Germ Cells from TNAPMouse Embryos Using FACS-gal

Tissue nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP), the product of theAkp2locus, is expressed in mouse primordial germ cells (PGC) for an extensive period during embryogenesis. Mice with theAkp2^tm1Sormutant allele of TNAP expresslacZ(β-galactosidase; β-gal) under control of theAkp2locus. PGCs were purified fromAkp2^tm1Sorembryos using fluorescence activated cell sorting of β-gal expressing cells (FACS-gal). Analysis of the purified cells by alkaline phosphatase staining and immunocytochemistry with anti-c-kitantibody demonstrated that highly (98%) purified PGCs can be isolated using this method. This technique will facilitate experiments that require highly purified preparations of PGCs including cell culture and gene expression analyses.     

A general method for rapid purification of soluble versions of glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins expressed in insect cells: an application for human tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase.

A soluble form of tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase was purified to apparent homogeneity from the culture media of Sf9 cells which had been infected with recombinant baculoviruses encoding human tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNSALP). To facilitate purification, an oligonucleotide consisting of 6 tandem codons for histidine and a stop codon was engineered into the TNSALP cDNA. The molecular mass of the enzyme purified through a nickel-chelate column was estimated to be 54 kDa by sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. That of the native enzyme was 90 kDa as estimated by gel filtration, indicating that the purified soluble TNSALP is dimeric. The enzyme was used for production of antibodies specific for human TNSALP. Immunoblotting analysis showed a single 80-kDa band in the cell homogenate prepared from Saos-2 (human osteosarcoma) cells. However, upon digestion with peptide: N-glycosidase F, the 80-kDa TNSALP of human origin and the soluble enzyme of insect origin migrated to the same position on SDS-polyacrylamide gel, indicating that the size difference between the two enzymes is ascribed to N-linked oligosaccharides. The antibodies prepared against the purified TNSALP were found to be useful also for immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence studies.     

Purification and characterization of an extracellular alkaline serine protease with dehairing function from Bacillus pumilus

An extracellular alkaline serine protease (called DHAP), produced by a Bacillus pumilus strain, demonstrates significant dehairing function. This protease is purified by hydrophobic interaction chromatography, ion exchange, and gel filtration. DHAP had a pI of 9.0 and a molecular weight of approximately 32,000 Dalton. It shows maximal activity at pH 10 and with a temperature of 55 degrees C; the enzyme activity can be completely inhibited by phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (PMSF) and diisopropyl fluorophosphates (DFP). The first 20 amino acid residues of the purified DHAP have been determined with a sequence of AQTVPYGIPQIKAPAVHAQG. Alignment of this sequence with other alkaline protease demonstrates its high homology with protease from another B. pumilus strain.