不同栽培料培育的茶薪菇氨基酸含量比较研究

木屑栽培茶薪菇和稻草培茶薪菇均含有 18种氨基酸 ,前者氨基酸总量为 18.35 % ,其中必须氨基酸质量分数为 8.14% ,鲜味氨基酸质量分数为 5 .88% ;后者氨基酸总量为 2 0 .2 1% ,其中必须氨基酸质量分数为 8.96 % ,鲜味氨基酸质量分数为 6 .37%。提示稻草栽培茶薪菇的氨基酸营养价值优于木屑栽培茶薪菇     

不同来源仙草的氨基酸比较分析

采用盐酸水解法分析不同来源仙草的氨基酸组成及含量差异,结果表明供试仙草均含有17种氨基酸和7种必需氨基酸,氨基酸总量为4.75％～13.65％,17种氨基酸总量和7种必需氨基酸总量的高低顺序都是9＞10＞5＞8＞1 ＞6＞4＞3＞2＞7,均以9号仙草含量最高,7号仙草最低.各种氨基酸含量高低顺序相似,以谷氨酸、天门冬氨...     

山药品种间氨基酸含量的差异性研究

采用盐酸水解法分析了福建省建阳主栽的7个山药品种的氨基酸含量及组成。得出供试材料中都含有17种氨基酸,总氨基酸质量分数在2.86~6.64%,平均4.95%,其中以JY-4品种总氨基酸质量分数最高,JY-2最低;各种氨基酸质量分数高低顺序基本相似,以精氨酸、谷氨酸、天冬氨酸居前三位,胱氨酸质量分数最低,必需氨基酸质量分数的高低依次是亮氨酸>苯丙氨酸>赖氨酸>缬氨酸>异亮氨酸>苏氨酸>蛋氨酸;鲜味氨基酸在各品种间的差异显著,以JY-4最高,达3.41%,依次是JY-3、JY-6、JY-1、JY-5、JY-7、JY-2。再运用聚类分析方法从氨基酸的组成及含量角度对7个品种进行分类可分为三类;相关分析表明:山药总氨基酸含量愈高,必需氨基酸和鲜味氨基酸含量亦愈高。     

不同品种魔芋精粉中氨基酸含量分析研究

花魔芋和白魔芋精粉中均含有 18种水解氨基酸和 18种游离氨基酸 ,前者水解氨基酸的总量为 2 .4 4 % ,其中必须氨基酸质量分数为 0 .6 2 % ,游离氨基酸总量为 1.10 % ,其中游离必须氨基酸质量分数为 0 .33% ;后者水解氨基酸总量为 2 .0 1% ,其中必须水解氨基酸质量分数为 0 .5 6 % ,游离氨基酸总量为 0 .4 1% ,其中必须游离氨基酸质量分数为 0 .13%。提示白魔芋和花魔芋精粉中氨基酸含量略有差异 ,但此差异不大 ,其品质 ,营养价值及特性等主要取决于魔芋精粉中主要成分葡甘聚糖的含量     

栀子花氨基酸成分的分析测定

目的:研究栀子花中氨基酸成分的种类及含量,为栀子花的开发利用提供科学依据.方法:将栀子花粉末用盐酸恒温水解处理,水解液用氨基酸自动分析仪测定.结果:栀子花含有17种氨基酸,其中7种人体必需氨基酸的质量分数达26.7mg·g-1,占总量的36.6％.结论:栀子花中氨基酸质量分数达7.3％,是一种很有开发价值的药食两用植物...     

裂褶菌营养菌丝蛋白质成分的分析

对裂褶菌菌丝中蛋白质的氨基酸组成及含量进行了测定。结果表明 ,裂褶菌中所含粗蛋白的质量分数为 2 8.76 % ,所测定的 17种氨基酸总质量分数为 12 0 .13g·kg- 1 。其中 7种必需氨基酸的质量分数为 4 5 .36g·kg- 1 ,占氨基酸总量的 37.76 % ;10种非必需氨基酸的质量分数为 79.5 0g·kg- 1 ,占氨基酸总量的 6 2 .2 4 %。     

赤眼鳟肉质氨基酸成分研究初报

测定了赤眼鳟肉氨基酸组成。结果表明 ,赤眼鳟肉含有 17种氨基酸 ,其中赖氨酸含量最高 ,总氨基酸中的必须氨基酸的质量分数为 5 7.8%。     

磷肥用量对芸豆氨基酸含量及组分的影响

本研究在不同磷肥施用量处理下,对NR、品芸1号、品芸2号3个小白芸豆品种子粒的氨基酸含量及组分测定、分析,探索磷肥对芸豆氨基酸及组分的调控效应。结果表明,不同磷肥用量处理均可提高芸豆氨基酸含量,对芸豆中人体必需氨基酸组分的影响因不同品种而异。品芸2号和NR总氨基酸及其各组分含量在50kg/hm^2纯磷肥用量条件下最高;品芸1号氨基酸积累在25kg/hm^2纯磷肥用量条件下最有效。     

云南黑老虎不同种源氨基酸和其他指标的分析与评价

为探讨黑老虎（Kadsura coccinea ）作为果用食物的营养价值,对采自云南省不同产地的野生黑老虎果实分别测定其果皮和果肉中的维生素 C、可溶性固形物、氨基酸、粗纤维、蛋白质、总糖等含量,并进行比较分析。结果表明：野生黑老虎果实含有丰富的人体必需的氨基酸,4个种源中,以勐海的黑老虎果肉中各人体必需氨基酸总含量最高,为0．256％,其次是屏边种源,为0．106％,景东种源为0．0943％,普文种源氨基酸总含量最少,为0．0274％。黑老虎果实还含丰富的维生素 C、粗纤维、蛋白质、总糖等。不同产地之间或单株之间各营养指标变化范围大,变异系数较高,优良种源或优良单株可选择性较强。果肉的养分灰关联度以勐海种源和第2单株最高,将作为备选优良种源和优良单株。     

大杯香菇辐射选育新株系主要营养价值的遗传分析

对大杯香菇中20个（品种和辐射选育新株系）的蛋白质营养价值6项评价指标进行了遗传变异分析、相关性分析和主成分分析.结果表明,变异系数最大的为氨基酸比值系数分,达到22.70％;其次为氨基酸评分,变异系数为18.08％;其它变异系数较小分别为化学评分、生物价、营养指数和必需氨基酸指数为4.18％、3.76％、3.37％和...     

Free amino acids in some sponges

Most invertebrates, particularly those of marine origin, have relatively high concentrations of free amino acids which are considered an important constituent of their osmoregulatory mechanisms [1]. Very little information is available on the free amino acid distribution in Porifera [2,3]. Common amino acids in some sponges were recognised by paper chromatography by Inskip and Cassidy [4] and Ackermann et al. [5,6] included a few sponges in their survey of the occurence of nitrogen compounds in marine invertebrates. More recently Bergquist and Hartman [7] surveyed semiquantitatively the distribution of free amino acids in several sponges. In the present paper we report on the amino acid composition of 12 species of sponges belonging to the class Demospongiae as a part of a study on the metabolites of Porifera [8]. Fresh sponges were extracted with aqueous ethanol. The organic solvent was removed and the aqueous solution, after removal of the ether soluble compounds, was separated into cationic, anionic and neutral fractions by ion-exchange chromatography. The cation fraction was analysed for amino acids using an automatic amino acid analyser. The results, which are presented in Table 1, show that all species of sponges examined have a similar composition in common amino acids. Glycine almost always appears as the dominant protein amino acid, followed by high concentrations of alanine and glutamic acid, whereas relatively lower concentrations of basic amino acids are present. In Axinella cannabina, Chondrosia reniformis, Chondrilla nucula, Cliona viridis and Hymeniacidon sanguinea, glycine represents more than 77% of the total amino acids. The high percentage of free glycine (90.4%) in Chondrosia reniformis is noteworthy. The anionic and the neutral fractions were examined for sulfur-containing amino acids using PC. Taurine (Table 2) was detected in all the Porifera examined; this is in agreement with previous observations [5–7]. N-Methyltaurine was identified in some of the species examined, whereas neither N,N-dimethyltaurine nor N,N,N-trimethyltaurine were found.     

皱肋文蛤氨基酸含量及脂肪酸组成分析

测定了皱肋文蛤(Meretrix lyrata)软体部分的氨基酸含量与脂肪酸组成.共检出17种氨基酸,总含量为软体部干重的52.26%;4种呈味氨基酸(天门冬氨酸、谷氨酸、甘氨酸和丙氨酸)的含量为22.07%,占氨基酸总量的42.23%;必需氨基酸(EAA)总含量为20.72%,其必需氨基酸的构成比例基本符合FAO/W...     

蚕蛹水解液的氨基酸分组分离法

采用７３２、７１７树脂对蚕蛹酸水解液进行分离。７３２树脂先将蚕蛹水解液粗略分成酸性、中性、碱性氨基酸,７１７树脂再将中性氨基酸分成甘氨酸－丙氨组酸和亮氨酸－异亮氨酸－缬氨酸组。其中亮、异亮、缬氨酸的含量达到７５．９％;同时还进行了脯氨酸的分离,经７１７树脂分离得到的脯氨酸的含量为５０．６％。     

THE ROLE OF BACTERIAL SYMBIONTS IN AMINO ACID COMPOSITION OF BLACK BEAN APHIDS

To evaluate the role of bacterial symbionts (Buchnera spp.) in the black bean aphids (Aphis craccivora Koch), the aphids were treated with the antibiotic, rifampicin, to eliminate their intracellular symbiotic bacteria. Analysis of protein and amino acid concentration in 7‐day‐old of aposymbiotic aphids showed that the total protein content per mg fresh weight was significantly reduced by 29%, but free amino acid titers were increased by 17%. The ratio of the essential amino acids was in general only around 20% essential amino acids in phloem sap of broad bean, whereas it was 44% and 37% in symbiotic and aposymbiotic aphids, respectively, suggesting that the composition of the free amino acids was unbalanced. For example, the essential amino acid, threonine represented 21.6% of essential amino acids in symbiotic aphids, but it was only 16.7% in aposymbiotic aphids. Likewise, two nonessential amino acids, tyrosine and serine, represented 8.9% and 5.6% of total amino acids in symbiontic aphids, respectively, but they enhanced to 21.1% and 13.6% in aposymbiotic aphids. It seems likely that the elevated free amino acid concentration in aposymbiotic aphids was caused by the limited protein anabolism as the result of the unbalanced amino acid composition.     

不同叶菜型甘薯品种的氨基酸含量及组成分析

选用7个叶菜型甘薯品种,测定分析了茎尖中氨基酸含量及组成。结果表明:甘薯茎尖的E/T值变幅为37.22%~39.60%,E/N值变幅为0.59~0.66,符合理想蛋白质的要求;各种人体必需氨基酸占氨基酸总量的相对含量大部分符合1973年FAO/WHO修订的人体必需氨基酸模式谱,仅蛋氨酸+半胱氨酸中度缺乏;在全部18种氨基酸中,以半胱氨酸、蛋氨酸、色氨酸的变异系数最大,其他15种氨基酸的变异系数较小。     

Changes in accumulation of seed nitrogen compounds in maize under conditions of sulphur deficiency

Maize ( Zea mays L., hybrid INRA 260) was grown in the greenhouse with mineral nutrition of different sulphate concentrations. Mature seeds from these plants were compared for their free amino acid and protein N forms. For the most S-deficient sample, the Asx (asparagine + aspartic acid) content increased by 30% as compared with control, while methionine and cysteine decreased (by 25 and 30%, respectively), as well as glycine, lysine, histidine, arginine and tryptophan. In seeds lowest in S the non-protein N to total N ratio was 77% higher than in the control. Free asparagine dominated in starved seeds (50 mol % of total free amino acids) and was ten-fold more concentrated than in the control, where proline was the predominant free amino acid. Thus the Asx of non-protein N reached 28% of the total mol Asx of the whole starved seed. Altered S nutrition had virtually no effect on the amino acid composition of the main protein fractions, but it significantly changed their ratios. Zeins, which are poor in S-containing amino acids, showed 25% higher level than in seeds supplied with normal S. As a counterbalance, two glutelin subfractions rich in S-containing amino acids, decreased by 36–71% under limiting S nutrition.
It is concluded that the plant reacts against S deficiency by modifying its N metabolism. Significant accumulation occurred of free asparagine, which is the main form of N transportation. The biosynthesis of seed storage protein occurred through the accumulation of the highest possible protein quantity allowed by the available S-containing amino acids, i.e. proteins low in S-containing amino acids were preferentially synthesized.     

二次中和法制取菜籽复合氨基酸新工艺研究

为得到高质量的菜籽复合氨基酸,以脱皮菜籽粕为原料,研究了硫酸水解制备复合氨基酸的新工艺一二次中和法,解决了氨基酸脱色和副产品植酸的利用问题。水解的最佳工艺参数是3mol·L-1的H2SO4水解18h;ca(OH)2作中和剂,第一次中和和脱色的最佳pH为2-4,第二次中和的最佳pH为6.5-7.0,中和后的溶液经减压浓缩,喷雾干燥,制得菜籽复合氨基酸。复合氨基酸得率≥40％,纯度≥40％;副产品植酸钙得率10％左右,纯度40％-50％。     

脱共生作用对黑豆蚜氨基酸代谢的影响(英文)

为了解共生菌对黑豆蚜蛋白质、氨基酸代谢的影响 ,用利福平处理黑豆蚜以除去其细胞内共生细菌 ,产生脱共生蚜虫。结果表明 ,被脱去共生菌的蚜虫与未经抗生素处理的正常蚜虫相比 ,7日龄时 ,脱共生蚜虫每毫克鲜重的总蛋白含量降低了 2 9% ,每毫克鲜重的游离氨基酸含量提高了 17%。对黑豆蚜取食的蚕豆苗韧皮部组织中必需氨基酸所占的比例进行分析后发现 ,蚕豆苗韧皮部组织中的必需氨基酸含量仅占 2 0 % ,而有共生菌的黑豆蚜组织中必需氨基酸已达到 4 4% ,脱共生后降低到 37% ,这些结果证明了黑豆蚜的胞内共生菌为其寄主提供了部分必需氨基酸。通过对游离氨基酸组成的分析发现 ,在测定的 17种氨基酸中 ,必需氨基酸中的苏氨酸在共生蚜虫中所占的比例为 2 1 6 % ,在脱共生蚜虫中仅为 16 7%。同样 ,非必需氨基酸中的酪氨酸和丝氨酸 ,在共生蚜虫中分别占总游离氨基酸的 8 9%和 5 6 % ,而在脱共生蚜虫中却分别升高到 2 1 1%和 13 6 %。这些结果表明 ,各种氨基酸比例的失调 ,造成了脱共生蚜虫蛋白质合成受阻和部分游离氨基酸的积累 ,并因此导致蚜虫发育和繁殖的失调。     

陕西朱鹮黑米酒氨基酸成份分析

采用121MB型氨基酸分析仪测定了陕西朱鹮黑米酒中的氨基酸质量浓度。结果表明:朱鹮黑米酒中含有18种氨基酸和γ-氨基丁酸,氨基酸总质量浓度为9133.5 mg.L-1,必需氨基酸占氨基酸总量的51.7%。半必需氨基酸占氨基酸总量的10%。味觉氨基酸占氨基酸总量的73.8%。与文献中报道的发酵酒氨基酸总量相比是啤酒的5倍、红葡萄酒的5.4倍、黄酒的1.35倍、清酒2.18倍、沉缸酒的2.8倍,此外必需和半必需氨基酸的含量、味觉氨基酸含量与之比较也均为最高。