中药鳖甲及两种炮制品的氨基酸营养学

本文报导了鳖甲及其炮制品的氨基酸营养分析情况。结果表明,生品含17种游离氨基酸,传统炮制品含15种游离氨基酸,食用菌炮制品含16种游离氨基酸,且生品总氨基酸的含量明显高于炮制品,经盐酸水解后,炮制前后的样品均测得17种氨基酸,生品的含量略高于炮制品,炮制品前后样品中所测游离氨基酸和水解后氨基酸均含有8种人体必需氨基酸。     

基于HPLC指纹图谱的亳白芍不同炮制品标准汤剂7个成分含量测定

建立亳白芍不同炮制品标准汤剂HPLC指纹图谱,其中生白芍、炒白芍和酒白芍标准汤剂分别标定16、14和13个共有峰,同时测定亳白芍不同炮制品标准汤剂中7种化学成分(没食子酸、氧化芍药苷、芍药内酯苷、芍药苷、苯甲酸、1,2,3,4,6-五没食子酰葡萄糖和苯甲酰芍药苷)含量,经炒制后标准汤剂中芍药内酯苷和苯甲酸含量升高,氧化芍药苷、芍药苷含量降低,酒白芍标准汤剂中芍药苷含量升高,苯甲酸含量降低,并对含量测定结果进行聚类分析,同一批亳白芍及其炮制品可聚为一类,但聚类距离缩小后生品和炮制品各聚为一类。建立的HPLC指纹图谱和含量测定方法具有良好的重现性,且简便快速,二者结合可直观反映出亳白芍炒制、酒制后的变化差异。     

补骨脂不同炮制饮片炮制前后化学成分定性定量分析

为探讨补骨脂不同炮制方法下炮制前后化学成分的变化,采用超高效液相色谱-飞行时间质谱联用技术(UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS),对补骨脂生品、清炒品及盐炙品进行化学成分分析,运用超高效液相色谱(UHPLC)对补骨脂中9个成分进行含量测定,结合统计学方法分析炮制前后含量变化。在定性分析中,共鉴定指认38个化合物,建立了补骨脂MS数据库,发现了5个成分存在于生品与清炒饮片,而盐炙品中未发现;在定量分析中,发现补骨脂生品与炮制品(盐炙和清炒)化学成分有显著性差异,并筛选出4个差异标志物(补骨脂酚、补骨脂素、补骨脂宁和新补骨脂异黄酮)。从整体来看,补骨脂生品与炮制品(盐炙和清炒)在化学成分轮廓上存在一定差异。由含量变化推测,在补骨脂的炮制过程中,补骨脂酚和补骨脂素、补骨脂宁和新补骨脂异黄酮可能存在转化。本实验结果与建立的补骨脂MS数据库可为补骨脂炮制机理进一步研究提供数据支撑。     

白喉乌头及其炮制品生物碱成分变化与细胞毒性研究

摘要 目的：比较白喉乌头生品、炮制品生物碱成分的含量变化及其细胞毒性。方法：将白喉乌头生品及哈萨克法炮制品（以下简称"炮制品"）采用高效液相色谱法（High Performance Liquid Chromatography，HPLC）分析比较，测定炮制前后各提取液生物碱成分的变化；用MTT比色法分析比较不同浓度白喉乌头生品及炮制品提取液的细胞毒性。结果：白喉乌头经炮制，乌头碱及次乌头碱峰面积显著减少，降低率分别为 45.1 %和 74.5 %；去乙酰高乌甲素峰面积明显升高，升高率为62.2 %；高乌甲素、冉乌头碱及去乙酰冉乌头碱峰面积基本不变；同时，有新的色谱峰产生，说明经炮制有新成分产生；白喉乌头生品及炮制品提取液浓度分别为在5000、2500、1250、625、312.5 μg/mL 给药48 h，与白喉乌头生品提取液相比，其炮制品提取液细胞抑制率明显降低（P＜0.05），白喉乌头生品及炮制品的IC50分别是1826.70 μg/mL、3192.48 μg/mL。结论：白喉乌头经炮制，主要成分的色谱峰面积发生了变化，同时有新色谱峰产生，其毒性成分乌头碱、次乌头碱峰面积明显减少，说明乌头碱、次乌头碱含量减少，通过 MTT 比色法检测细胞毒性，证明其达到减毒目的。     

当归及其不同炮制品的挥发油提取及成分分析

采用水蒸气蒸馏法分别提取生当归及其不同炮制品中的挥发油,应用气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)技术测定和分析其化学组分.在相同提取方法和测定条件下,从生当归及其不同炮制品饮片中得到的挥发油组分存在一定的差异,主要表现在E-藁本内酯、Z-藁本内酯和Z-丁烯基酞内酯等化合物的含量差异较大.当归经过炮制后其所含挥发油的化学成分组成发生了较大变化,说明不同炮制方法对当归挥发油成分的影响是显著的,表明根据临床应用目的不同对当归进行炮制有一定的物质基础.     

蛇床子炮制历史沿革、化学成分及药理作用研究进展

目的：综述中药蛇床子的炮制概况、化学成分以及药理作用研究进展，为蛇床子不同炮制品的临床合理应用及质量标准研究提供参考依据。方法：借助爱如生古籍库、中国知网、Scifinder等中外文数据库，查阅中药蛇床子的炮制历史沿革、化学成分及药理作用相关文献资料，梳理归纳，并形成综述。结果：古代文献记载的蛇床子炮制方法较多，但现行药品标准多以净制为主；现代研究工艺的研究集中在蛇床子素炮制前后的含量变化；其所含的香豆素类、色原酮类、挥发油类等成分在治疗心血管疾病、抗肿瘤、抗炎、抗骨质疏松、治疗神经性疾病等方面，具有一定药理作用。结论：据记载蛇床子生品有小毒，多外用，但临床也有内服治疗骨质疏松等病症的报道，故不同炮制品的临床应用有待研究；炮制前后的香豆素类成分变化明显，有可能是蛇床子增效减毒的内在机理之一；本综述可为中药蛇床子后续的炮制作用机理、药效物质基础和药理作用研究提供参考。     

现代炮制工艺对女贞子成分的影响及其抗菌作用研究进展

女贞子是一类补益中草药，已经证实其有效成分具有抑菌作用。女贞子及其有效成分对多种革兰氏阴性菌和革兰氏阳性菌均具有抑菌效果，但是女贞子生品和不同炮制品的作用效果不同。本文综述女贞子的现代炮制工艺、炮制对女贞子成分的影响、女贞子提取物及其有效成分抗菌作用研究进展，为今后女贞子在畜禽健康养殖中应用提供参考。     

基于炮制前后质量一致性的清半夏炮制新工艺评价

为研究半夏与清半夏的质量传递关系,并评价新工艺蒸法所得炮制品与清半夏的质量一致性,本研究检测了生半夏及3种炮制品的浸出物、有机酸、多糖、核苷、蛋白质含量,使用主成分分析等方法比较3种炮制品的差异。结果表明,与生半夏相比,浸、煮制清半夏的浸出物减少,而蒸制品浸出物增加了264.76%;总酸、多糖含量均显著增加,其中蒸制品的增幅最大;核苷、蛋白质含量均大幅降低;综合分析方法均表明蒸制品与传统方法所得清半夏存在较大的质量差异。由此可知,浸、煮制清半夏质量一致性较好,而蒸法炮制品仍需对其加工工艺、药效做进一步研究。     

冬凌草二萜类成分的化学指纹图谱研究及评价

为了建立冬凌草(Rabdosia rubescens)二萜类成分的HPLC指纹图谱,并通过指纹图谱对来自不同产地和不同类型的冬凌草进行评价,本研究以10批太行山产冬凌草HPLC色谱图为参照,建立了冬凌草二萜类成分的指纹图谱,色谱条件为,色谱柱:phenomsil C18(250 ×4.6 mm,5 μm)柱;流动相:甲醇:0.5％磷酸水溶液梯度洗脱;柱温:30℃;检测波长:238 nm;流速:0.8 mL/min.通过化学成分指纹图谱相似度分析以及主成分分析方法,综合评价不同产地冬凌草样品质量的差异.结果表明冬凌草种质资源出现多种分化,不同地区冬凌草二萜类成分差异明显;不同变异类型冬凌草二萜类成分也发生了变化,但没有明显规律性.     

广西不同产地金樱根及炮制品中没食子酸和儿茶素的含量差异分析

为了建立金樱根中没食子酸和儿茶素含量的测定方法,分析广西不同产地金樱根及炮制品中没食子酸和儿茶素含量的变化,该文以没食子酸和儿茶素的含量作为指标成分,采用HPLC法对广西产金樱根生品、炒炙品、酒炙品、盐炙品及醋炙品进行测定,并采用SPSS 23.0软件进行方差分析和聚类分析。结果表明：广西不同产地金樱根及炮制品中没食子酸和儿茶素含量均存在差异,所有样品中儿茶素的含量均比没食子酸高,南部地区(除贵港桂平外)的没食子酸和儿茶素含量整体上比北部地区高,在炮制品中醋炙后没食子酸和儿茶素含量最高。该研究表明HPLC测定方法简单可行,金樱根中没食子酸和儿茶素含量的变化差异主要表现为产地地域及炮制方法的不同,可为今后金樱根资源的合理利用、质量标准制定以及临床用药的研究提供一定科学依据。     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒研究进展

传染性法氏囊病(Infection bursal disease, IBD)是由鸡传染性法氏囊病毒(Infectious bursal disease virus, IBDV)引起的鸡和火鸡的一种高度接触性传染病,给世界各国的禽养殖业带来了巨大损失.自IBDV发现至今新的变异株不断出现,分子结构的改变导致病毒致病力的改变及宿主对疫苗应答的改变,使得传统的疫苗已不能控制其流行,因此各国学者对其基因组结构和功能进行了广泛深入的研究,并积极研制新型有效的疫苗以达到防治的目的.     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.