高效液相色谱法测定附子及其炮制品中三种双酯型生物碱

本文建立了一种能同时检测附子及其炮制品中乌头碱、新乌头碱和次乌头碱含量的HPLC-DAD检测方法。采用的色谱柱为Hepersil BDS C18分析柱(150 mm×4.6 mm ID,5μm),流动相为40 mmol/L乙酸铵(浓氨水调pH10.0)(A)-乙腈(B)梯度洗脱,检测波长为240nm,流速为1 mL/min。乌头碱、新乌头碱、次乌头碱的线性范围分别为0.0232-2.32μg、0.0216-2.16μg、0.0214-2.14μg(r=0.999976、0.999992、0.999994,n=6);加样回收率为96.4-103.5%(n=6),RSD均小于2.3%。测定结果表明7批不同产地附子生品及16批由同一产地生附子制得的炮制品中三种双酯型生物碱的含量差异悬殊,该方法为附子质量标准和炮制工艺规范的制定及进一步的药效学研究提供了可靠的数据和方法学平台。     

不同产地川乌炮制前后差异性成分研究北大核心CSCD

为建立川乌及制川乌的高效液相色谱(HPLC)指纹图谱,并结合化学计量学方法和主成分含量测定和比较3个不同产地川乌炮制前后的差异成分。该文采用HPLC法,利用中药色谱指纹图谱相似度评价系统(2012版)计算相似度,并结合聚类分析(HCA)、主成分分析(PCA)、偏最小二乘判别分析(PLS-DA)、正交偏最小二乘判别分析(OPLS-DA)及主成分含量测定结果进行综合分析。结果表明:(1)建立了3个产地15批川乌炮制前后的HPLC指纹图谱,分别标定了25个和14个共有峰,并通过对照品指认出6个共有峰,分别为苯甲酰新乌头原碱(峰16)、苯甲酰乌头原碱(峰17)、苯甲酰次乌头原碱(峰18)、新乌头碱(峰21)、次乌头碱(峰22)、乌头碱(峰23)。(2)化学计量学方法分析显示,川乌炮制前后的30批样品被明显分为2类,15批川乌被分为3类,15批制川乌被分为3类,新乌头碱、次乌头碱等6个成分可能是不同产地川乌炮制前后的潜在差异成分。(3)炮制前后主成分含量测定结果均有不同程度的变化,四川江油所产川乌炮制前后部分成分含量明显高于另外两个产地所产川乌。该研究建立的指纹图谱精密度、重复性、稳定性均较好,结合化学计量学分析方法和主成分含量测定分析,可为不同产地川乌炮制前后质量控制提供参考。     

基于HPLC指纹图谱结合化学计量学的甘草微波制与传统炮制的差异研究

分别建立生甘草、蜜炙甘草、清炒甘草及微波制甘草的HPLC指纹图谱,生甘草和蜜炙甘草均标定了17个共有峰,炒甘草和微波制甘草均标定了14个共有峰,4、5、11号峰为生甘草和蜜炙甘草的特有峰;不同炮制品相对应成分峰面积大小有所不同;混合对照品指认出的5个峰分别为:2号峰芹糖甘草苷,3号峰甘草苷,8号峰异甘草苷,10号峰甘草素,16号峰甘草酸;指纹图谱相似度除样品S5、C1、C5的相似度在0.883～0.900之间外,其余均大于0.914,说明甘草样品经不同方法炮制后总体相对稳定。聚类分析(CA)结果显示,生甘草、蜜炙甘草能够各自聚类,能够明确判别;炒甘草和微波制甘草聚为一类,无法明确判别。主成分分析(PCA)结果显示甘草四种炮制品基本各自聚类,有明显差异,主要差异成分峰为8号峰,是异甘草苷。偏最小二乘-判别分析(PLS-DA)结果显示甘草四种炮制品各自聚类效果良好,但清炒甘草和微波制甘草二者比较集中,结果和CA一致。因此,分别对微波制甘草及清炒甘草、微波制甘草和生甘草、微波制甘草和蜜炙甘草建立正交偏最小二乘-判别分析(OPLS-DA)模型,均具有良好的预测能力。OPLS-DA的差异成分分析变量重要性投影(VIP)结果显示,微波制甘草和生甘草的主要差异色谱峰为2、1、8号色谱峰,微波制甘草和清炒甘草的差异成分峰为7、2、9、15、6、13、17、16、14号色谱峰,微波制甘草和蜜炙甘草的主要差异色谱峰为8、13、7、16号色谱峰。以上研究确定出了甘草经微波加热炮制后与生品、蜜炙品、清炒品的差异成分,实验方法准确度高,重复性好,为现代微波加热炮制方法的可行性提供参考。     

半夏药材生品及其炮制品指纹图谱的比较研究

目的:该实验旨在用高效液相色谱法对半夏的生品及其炮制品的指纹图谱进行比较研究,通过半夏指纹图谱主峰的变化寻找半夏炮制前后其主要化学成分的变化。方法:采用75％乙醇(含1％的盐酸)对半夏药材生品及其炮制品进行提取, DiamonsilTM C18(150×4．6 mm,5um)色谱柱,0．1％磷酸溶液—乙腈梯度洗脱,洗脱时间定为50 min,检测波长217 nm,以精氨酸为对照品,对半夏的生品及其炮制品的指纹图谱的主峰数目和峰高进行比较分析。结果:该方法精密度和重复性RSD均小于3％,符合有关规定,半夏炮制后主峰数目发生变化。结论:半夏生品清制和姜制后,75％乙醇(含1％的盐酸)提取液中其所含精氨酸与半夏生品相比均有不同程度的下降,而且指纹图谱的主峰数目也有所变化,说明半夏炮制后其主要化学成分发生变化。     

HPLC-CAD法测定两性霉素B脂质体中HSPC、DSPG含量分析

摘要 目的：建立高效液相色谱（HPLC）-电喷雾检测器（CAD）法测定两性霉素B脂质体（L-AMB）中氢化大豆磷脂酰胆碱（HSPC）和磷脂二硬酯酰磷脂酰甘油（DSPG）含量的方法。方法：采用Venusil XBP C 8（4.6 mm×250 mm，5 μm）色谱柱，柱温：30℃；以甲醇-水作为流动相；喷雾压力：56.4 psi，喷雾温度：55℃；梯度洗脱，流速1.0 mL?min^-1。结果：L-AMB各磷脂在 5~60 mg?mL^-1内与峰面积呈良好的线性关系。HSPC平均回收率为100.06%，平均RSD为0.42；DSPG平均回收率100.03%，平均RSD为0.55。按HPLC-CAD 色谱条件测定L-AMB中HSPC、 DSPG含量分别为1497.66 mg?L^-1、4710.93 mg?L^-1，且无溶血磷脂检出。采用HPLC-ELSD 法验证，HSPC、 DSPG含量分别为1495.28 mg?L^-1、4712.71 mg?L^-1， 两种方法测定HSPC、 DSPG含量基本一致。结论：HPLC-CAD 测定L-AMB中HSPC、DSPG含量操作简单、准确，可准确测定L-AMB 中脂质体的质量。     

补骨脂不同炮制饮片炮制前后化学成分定性定量分析

为探讨补骨脂不同炮制方法下炮制前后化学成分的变化,采用超高效液相色谱-飞行时间质谱联用技术(UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS),对补骨脂生品、清炒品及盐炙品进行化学成分分析,运用超高效液相色谱(UHPLC)对补骨脂中9个成分进行含量测定,结合统计学方法分析炮制前后含量变化。在定性分析中,共鉴定指认38个化合物,建立了补骨脂MS数据库,发现了5个成分存在于生品与清炒饮片,而盐炙品中未发现;在定量分析中,发现补骨脂生品与炮制品(盐炙和清炒)化学成分有显著性差异,并筛选出4个差异标志物(补骨脂酚、补骨脂素、补骨脂宁和新补骨脂异黄酮)。从整体来看,补骨脂生品与炮制品(盐炙和清炒)在化学成分轮廓上存在一定差异。由含量变化推测,在补骨脂的炮制过程中,补骨脂酚和补骨脂素、补骨脂宁和新补骨脂异黄酮可能存在转化。本实验结果与建立的补骨脂MS数据库可为补骨脂炮制机理进一步研究提供数据支撑。     

HPLC法测定不同产地僵蚕中草酸铵含量

目的:比较不同产地僵蚕和炒僵蚕中草酸铵的含量.方法:采用反相高效液相色谱法,色谱务件为色谱柱:Diamonsil 5μC18250× 4.6mm Dikma;流动相:磷酸氢二铵水溶液(5 g·L-1,pH 5.30);流速:0.5mL·min-1;柱温:30℃;检测波长:214nm.结果:草酸铵在15.0～150.0μg·ml-1 范围内,峰面积与浓度呈良好的线性关系,r=0.998(n=6),平均加样回收率为97.07%,RSD=2.67%(n=9).结论:炮制僵蚕中草酸铵的含量普遍低于僵蚕生品;僵蚕生品中草酸铵的含量2.21%～5.82%,炮制品2.31%～5.78%.     

人参皂苷Rh2对大鼠C6胶质瘤细胞Siah-1、Synaptophysin、MMP9及VEGF表达的影响

摘要 目的：探讨人参皂苷Rh2对大鼠C6胶质瘤细胞Siah-1、突触素（Synaptophysin）、基质金属蛋白酶-9（MMP-9）血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）表达的影响。方法：将大鼠C6胶质瘤细胞分为对照组、人参皂苷Rh2低剂量组（16 μg/mL）、人参皂苷Rh2中剂量组（32 μg/mL）、人参皂苷Rh2高剂量组（48 μg/mL），CCK-8法和平板克隆实验检测细胞增殖；流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡；Transwell检测细胞侵袭；实时荧光定量-聚合酶链式反应（qRT-PCR）检测C6胶质瘤细胞中VEGF、Siah-1、Synaptophysin、MMP-9 mRNA表达；蛋白质印迹法（Western blot）检测C6胶质瘤细胞中VEGF、Siah-1、Synaptophysin、MMP-9蛋白表达。结果：与对照组比较，人参皂苷Rh2低剂量组、人参皂苷Rh2中剂量组、人参皂苷Rh2高剂量组大鼠C6胶质瘤细胞OD₄₅₀值（24 h、48 h）、克隆形成率、细胞侵袭数、VEGF、Synaptophysin、MMP-9 mRNA及蛋白表达降低，细胞凋亡率、Siah-1 mRNA及蛋白表达升高，且呈剂量依赖性（P<0.05）。结论：人参皂苷Rh2可能通过上调Siah-1，下调VEGF、Synaptophysin、MMP-9表达来抑制大鼠C6胶质瘤细胞增殖与侵袭，促进细胞凋亡。     

蛇床子炮制历史沿革、化学成分及药理作用研究进展

目的：综述中药蛇床子的炮制概况、化学成分以及药理作用研究进展，为蛇床子不同炮制品的临床合理应用及质量标准研究提供参考依据。方法：借助爱如生古籍库、中国知网、Scifinder等中外文数据库，查阅中药蛇床子的炮制历史沿革、化学成分及药理作用相关文献资料，梳理归纳，并形成综述。结果：古代文献记载的蛇床子炮制方法较多，但现行药品标准多以净制为主；现代研究工艺的研究集中在蛇床子素炮制前后的含量变化；其所含的香豆素类、色原酮类、挥发油类等成分在治疗心血管疾病、抗肿瘤、抗炎、抗骨质疏松、治疗神经性疾病等方面，具有一定药理作用。结论：据记载蛇床子生品有小毒，多外用，但临床也有内服治疗骨质疏松等病症的报道，故不同炮制品的临床应用有待研究；炮制前后的香豆素类成分变化明显，有可能是蛇床子增效减毒的内在机理之一；本综述可为中药蛇床子后续的炮制作用机理、药效物质基础和药理作用研究提供参考。     

叶酸抑制宫颈癌进展过程中miR-642a-5p的表达及其对肿瘤细胞的抑制作用研究

摘要 目的：探讨叶酸抑制宫颈癌进展中过程中miR-642a-5p的表达及其对肿瘤细胞的抑制作用。方法：选择宫颈癌细胞株SiHa进行传代培养,采用随机法分为4组：低剂量组、中剂量组、高剂量组分别加入1 μg/mL、10 μg/mL、100 μg/mL的叶酸,而空白对照组未加入叶酸处理。利用实时定量聚合酶链式反应（RT-qPCR）检测miR-642a-5p的表达;采用细胞增殖毒性试验（CCK-8法）、细胞迁移实验（划痕实验）和细胞侵袭实验（Transwell法）分别测量宫颈癌SiHa细胞的增殖活性、迁移和侵袭能力。结果：低、中、高剂量组中叶酸显著抑制了宫颈癌SiHa细胞中miR-642a-5p的表达（P<0.05）,而且随着叶酸浓度升高,其对miR-642a-5p的抑制作用逐渐增强。此外,低、中、高剂量组中叶酸对宫颈癌SiHa细胞的增殖、迁移以及侵袭具有显著抑制作用（P<0.05）,而且叶酸浓度越高,其抑制作用越强。结论：叶酸可以抑制宫颈癌进展过程中miR-642a-5p的表达,而且对宫颈癌SiHa细胞的增殖、迁移和侵袭具有一定的抑制作用。     

白蚁与动物及微生物的共生类型及其机制

综述了白蚁螱客的主要种类、共生关系及相关机制的研究进展。白蚁螱客中,已报道的动物种类达170种。在与动物的共生关系中存在偏利共生（宾主共栖和异种共栖）、互利共生和无关共生三种;在与微生物的共生关系中,存在与内生菌（原生动物、细菌、真菌和放线菌）和外生菌（蚁巢伞菌等）间的互利关系。指出了白蚁与螱客研究中存在的问题,给出了解决方案,并提出了今后可能的研究热点或方向,为白蚁的综合利用（如纤维素酶）及今后研究物种间的协同进化提供了基础资料。     

New amino-dithiaphospholanes and phosphoramidodithioites and their rhodium and iridium complexes

New sulfur derivatives of phosphoramidite ligands were synthesized and the impact of the sulfur unit on the spectroscopic properties of their rhodium and iridium complexes was investigated. The new ligands Bn₂NPSCH₂CH₂S^a(P-S^a) (Bn = benzyl, 4), Bn₂NPSCHCHS^a(CH₂)₃C^aH₂(P-S^a)(C^a-S^a) (6) and Bn₂NP(4-XC₆H₄OMe)₂ (X = S, 7a; X = O, 7b) were converted to the rhodium and iridium complexes trans-[Rh(CO)Cl(L)₂] (L = 4, 6, 7), [RhCl(COD)(L)] (L = 4, 6, 7), [IrCl(COD)(7a)] and [IrCl₂Cp∗(6)]. For comparison, some phosphoramidite complexes of these formulations also were synthesized. The new metal complexes were spectroscopically analyzed. For the carbonyl complexes, the ν_CO IR stretching frequencies were lower than for the corresponding phosphite and phosphoramidite ligands. The ¹J_PRh coupling constants for the rhodium complexes with the new ligands were also smaller than for the respective phosphoramidite and phosphite complexes. Finally, the ¹J_PSe coupling constants of the selenides of the new ligands were lower than those of the phosphoramidite ligands but higher than for PPh₃. The spectroscopic data reveal that the new thio ligands 4, 6 and 7a are more electron donating than phosphites and phosphoramidites but less electron donating than PPh₃.     

Astrocytes and Synaptosomes Transport and Metabolize Lactate and Acetate Differently

Astrocytes transport the monocarboxylate acetate, but synaptosomes do not. The reason for this is unknown, because both preparations express monocarboxylate transporters (MCT). The transport and metabolism of lactate, another monocarboxylate, was examined in these two preparations, and the results were compared to those for acetate. Lactate transport is more rapid in astrocytes than in synaptosomes, but of lower affinity (Kms of 17 and 4 mM, respectively). Lactate (0.2 mM) is metabolized to CO2 more rapidly in synaptosomes than in astrocytes (rates of 0.37 and 0.07 nmol x mg protein(-1) x min(-1), respectively). The reason for this is unclear, but cellular differences in lactate dehydrogenase isotype expression may be involved. Acetate is metabolized to CO2 more rapidly in astrocytes than in synaptosomes (rates of 0.43 and 0.02 nmol x mg protein(-1) x min(-1), respectively). This is likely due to cellular differences in the expression of monocarboxylate transporter subtypes.     

Rapporteur report: Basics and technology and metrology and standards

The first and second sessions of the Workshop focussed on the basics of ultrasound and infrasound, their applications in both industry and medicine, and metrology and protection standards for ultrasound applications.     

Cytoskeleton and mitochondrial morphology and function

It has been well established that the cytoskeleton is an essential modulator of cell morphology and motility, intracytoplasmic transport and mitosis, however cytoskeletal linkage to the organelles has not been unequivocally demonstrated. Indeed, cytoskeleton appears to be essential in determining and modulating gene phenotype as a function of cellular environment. According to recent studies, the organization of the cytoskeleton network together with associated protein(s) could be essential in regulating mitochondrial function and particularly the permeability of the mitochondrial outer membrane to ADP. The aim of this chapter is to summarize the main properties of the cytoskeletal environment of mitochondria and the possible role(s) of this network in mitochondrial function in myocytes.     

Relative and combined effects of ethanol and protein deficiency on strontium and barium bone content and fecal and urinary excretion

To elucidate accumulation of minerals in human iliac arteries with aging, the content of minerals was analyzed by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. Bilateral common, internal, and external iliac arteries of 16 men and 8 women, ranging ages from 65 to 93 yr, were examined. It was found that an extremely high accumulation of calcium and phosphorus occurred in the common iliac artery at old age, being higher than that of the internal and external iliac arteries. It should be noted that the accumulation of calcium and phosphorus is the highest in the common iliac artery among the human arteries examined to date. Regarding sexual differences, the content of calcium and phosphorus in the common and internal iliac arteries was higher in women than in men, whereas their content in the external iliac artery was lower in women than in men.     

Cross-reactivity between storage and dust mites and between mites and shrimp

Many patients have sensitivities to multiple species of storage and house dust mites. It is not clear if this is because patients have multiple sensitivities to species-specific mite allergens or if these mites share many cross-reacting allergens. Our objective was to further define the cross-allergenicity between several species of storage and house dust mites using crossed-immunoelectrophoresis (CIE), crossed-radioimmunoelectrophoresis (CRIE), immunoblotting, and ELISA. CIE and CRIE reactions revealed that storage mites shared two cross-antigenic molecules and one of these bound IgE in a serum pool from mite allergic patients. Antibody in anti-sera built to each species of mite recognized many SDS–PAGE resolved proteins of other mite species and this suggested the potential for other cross-reactive allergens. Among patient sera, IgE bound to many different proteins but few had IgE that bound to a protein with common molecular weights across the mite species and this suggested mostly species-specific allergens. Antiserum built to each mite species precipitated one protein in shrimp extracts that bound anti-Der p 10 (tropomyosin) and IgE in the serum pool. Anti-Der p 10 showed strong binding to shrimp tropomyosin but very little to any of the mite proteins. ELISA showed the mite extracts contained very little tropomyosin. The storage and dust mites investigated contain mostly species-specific allergens and very small amounts of the pan-allergen tropomyosin compared to shrimp and snail.     

人血管能抑素基因的克隆、表达及其表达产物的纯化和生物活性测定

以人胎盘脐带组织为材料,提取组织总RNA,用netRTPCR方法合成人血管能抑素cDNA基因,将该cDNA克隆进pSP72载体获得重组质粒pSP72C, DNA序列分析结果与预期序列一致。用BamHⅠ和NdeⅠ双酶切,切下pSP72C上的血管能抑素cDNA,插入pET3c载体的相应位点获得重组表达质粒pETC, 转化E. coli BL21(DE3), SDSPAGE分析显示：在IPTG诱导下,血管能抑素基因获得了高效表达,表达量约占菌体总蛋白的 27.9 %,主要以包涵体形式存在。包涵体经过洗涤、裂解、蛋白复性以及Sephadex G75凝胶过滤层析等步骤后,获得了纯度达91.4 %的人血管能抑素。CAM实验证明10 μg纯化蛋白就能显著抑制鸡胚新生血管生成。     

Vascular volumes and hematology in male and female runners and cyclists

To examine the hypothesis that foot-strike hemolysis alters vascular volumes and selected hematological properties is trained athletes, we have measured total blood volume (TBV), red cell volume (RCV) and plasma volume (PV) in cyclists (n = 21) and runners (n = 17) and compared them to those of untrained controls (n = 20). TBV (ml x kg(-1)) was calculated as the sum of RCV (ml x kg(-1)) and PV (ml x kg(-1)) obtained using 51Cr and 125I-labelled albumin, respectively. Hematological assessment was carried out using a Coulter counter. Peak aerobic power (VO2peak) was measured during progressive exercise to fatigue using both cycle and treadmill ergometry. RCV was 15% higher (P < 0.05) in male cyclists [35.4 (1.0), mean (SE); n = 12] and runners [35.3 (0.98); n = 9] compared to the controls [30.7 (0.92); n = 12]. Similar differences existed between the female cyclists [28.2 (2.1); n = 9] and runners [28.4 (1.0); n = 8] compared to the untrained controls [24.9 (1.4); n = 8]. For the male athletes, PV was between 19% (cyclists) and 28% (runners) higher (P < 0.05) in the trained athletes compared to the untrained controls. The differences in PV between the female groups were not significant. Although the males had a higher (P < 0.05) TBV, RCV and PV than the females, no differences between cyclists and runners were found for either gender. Mean cell volume was not different between the athletic groups. VO2peak (ml x kg(-1) x min(-1)) was higher (P < 0.05) in both male [68.4 (1.5)] and female [54.8 (2.1)] runners when compared to the untrained males [47.1 (1.0)] and females [40.5 (2.1)]. Although differences existed between the genders in VO2peak for both cyclists and runners, no differences were found between the athletic groups within a gender. Since the vascular volumes were not different between cyclists and runners for either the males or females, foot-strike hemolysis would not appear to have an effect on that parameter. The significant correlations (P < 0.05) found between VO2peak and RCV (r = 0.64 and 0.64) and TBV (r = 0.82 and 0.63) for the males and females, respectively, suggests a role for the vascular system in realizing a high aerobic power.