长江流域若干水体寡毛类区系组成及相似性分析

研究了长江流域十余个水体水栖寡毛类的区系组成及分布。共鉴定水栖寡毛类53种,隶3科27属,其中仙女虫科15属31种(占58.49%);颤蚓科11属20种(占37.74%);线蚓科1属2种(占3.77%).在河流、草型湖泊和藻型湖泊这三类水体中,以草型湖泊的物种数最多,达36种;其次为长江干流,34种;藻型湖泊仅24种。对寡毛类的种间关系及不同生境寡毛类种类组成的相似性进行了聚类分析,结果表明,寡毛类的种类分布具有明显的地域性,据此可将其划分为6类(A-F组).       

徐州城市河流和湖泊的大型底栖动物群落结构及影响因子分析

对徐州市京杭运河市区段和市区湖泊云龙湖进行了大型底栖动物群落结构及影响因子的比较研究。结果显示:城市河流和湖泊生态系统中, 大型底栖动物种类较少、群落结构相对简单, 其中城市河流大型底栖动物的组成主要为水栖寡毛类和软体动物, 城市湖泊大型底栖动物主要组成为水栖寡毛类和摇蚊幼虫。除Margalef 物种丰富度指数外, 河流与湖泊的其他群落指数相差不大。聚类分析将两类生态系统中的大型底栖动物群落明显分为两组。CCA 结果显示云龙湖大型底栖动物群落的主要影响因子是pH 和溶解氧, 京杭运河徐州市区段大型底栖动物群落的主要影响因子是总磷和化学需氧量。     

关于Tectidrilus achaetus和Aminiclineus zhujiangensis的中名

1985年和1991年,先后在珠江广州河段发现一种水栖寡毛类和一种纽形动物,经鉴定为新种,前者定名为Tectidrilus achaetus,后者定为 Amniclineus zhujinagensis对于它们的中文名称,Tectidrilusachaetus拟定为无毛裸蚓,而Amniclineus zhujiangensis则定为珠江河栖纽虫,由此而建立的新属Amni-     

大型底栖动物对淡水水质生物评价的研究进展

大型底栖动物作为淡水水域水质特征监测的指示生物越来越受到重视。底栖动物的采集主要分为定量和定性2种方法,利用底栖动物评价水质的生物学指标主要有三大类,分别是与群落结构和功能有关的指数、与种类耐污值有关的生物指数和与特定物种直接相关的生物指数。对水生昆虫、水生软体动物和水栖寡毛类对淡水水域的水质评价研究进行综述。     

利用三种分子标记研究缘毛类纤毛虫的系统发育地位

为了探讨缘毛类纤毛虫的系统发育地位 ,利用RAPD方法得到了 9种缘毛类纤毛虫、 1种四膜虫和1种喇叭虫的 3个随机引物的电泳带谱 ;测定了 7种缘毛类纤毛虫rRNA基因中的间隔区 1(ITS1)和小亚基核糖体核糖核酸 (SSrRNA)基因序列 ,并构建了相应的系统树。在比较和分析RAPD、ITS1和SSrRNA基因序列在缘毛类纤毛虫系统发育研究中的适用范围的基础上 ,以SSrRNA基因序列为分子标记研究了缘毛类纤毛虫系统发育地位 ,结果表明 :①缘毛亚纲是单系的 ,作为寡膜纲中一个亚纲的分类地位是合理的 ;②缘毛类纤毛虫可能是寡膜纲中较高等的一个类群。     

东江干流及其源头支流大型底栖动物群落结构特征与环境指示评价

2012 年4 月~6 月对东江干流及源头部分支流的底栖动物进行了采集,共获得底栖动物78 种,隶属于3 门7 纲48 科72 属。其中,水栖寡毛类3 科8 属12 种,软体动物12 科13 属17 种,水生昆虫9 目30 科47 属47 种,其他种类3 种。空间上来看,源头支流及上、中、下游的种类数分别为48 种、31 种、33 种和28 种。源头地区和上游以水生昆虫为主,密度百分比分别为70.2%和58.3%;下游以寡毛类为主,占62.0%。分析比较了 Shannon 多样性指数、生物指数(BI)和科级生物指数(FBI) 3种水质评价方法对东江水质的评价效果。东江干流水质总体良好,源头支流水质好于其他河段水质。但从水质生物学的角度与之前研究相比,底栖生物的群落特征变化较大,物种多样性有所下降,表明区域环境有恶化的趋势。     

中国水栖寡毛类的研究 Ⅱ.新疆的仙女虫类

本文系新疆水栖寡毛类的首次报导,记录仙女虫科(Naididae)7属20种,其中有新种1种,国内新记录5种。标本均系陈嘉佑同志所采集,特此致谢。1.盘缠毛腹虫 Chaetogaster diastrophus (Gruithuisen, 1828) Chaetogaster diastrophus, Michaelsen, 1900; 陈, 1940, 1959; Sperber, 1948, 1961; 梁, 1962;1962. 采集地布尔津额尔齐斯河(1962,Ⅸ,9);博斯腾湖(1962,Ⅸ,29)。2.郎氏毛腹虫 Chaetogaster langi Bretscher,1896 Chaetogaster langi, Michaelsen, 1900; ernosvitov, 1930;陈, 1940, 1959; Sperher, 1948, 1959, 1961;1962.     

四川新陆栖寡毛类记述

1963年4、5月,与胡芝勋等同志去峨眉采集陆栖寡毛类。该地寡毛类曾由陈义(1931、1936、1946)和Gates(1935)作过报道。这次调查,又发现环毛属三个新种。记述于下。1.小囊环毛蚓Pheretima exilens,新种 外部特征 体长47—98毫米,宽3.0—5.0毫米,体节59—110(模式标本:68毫米,3.5毫米,97节)。1/2上叶式。背孔自12/13节间始。颜色褐色。环带腹面有刚毛(或仅ⅩⅥ节有)。     

两种缘毛类纤毛虫胞质Hsp70基因序列的克隆及其系统发育分析

克隆得到2种缘毛类纤毛虫——钟形钟虫(Vorticella campanula)和螅状独缩虫(Carchesium polypinum)的胞质Hsp70基因部分序列,长度均为438bp,编码146个氨基酸。以细菌为外类群,利用最大似然法和邻接法构建包括其他5种纤毛虫在内的共26个物种的Hsp70基因氨基酸序列系统发育树,其拓扑结构显示：V．campanula和C．polypinum聚在一起,并与另2种寡膜纲的嗜热四膜虫(Tetrahymena thermophila)及草履虫(Paramecium tetraurelia)聚为姊妹枝,提示了缘毛类纤毛虫为单系,且隶属于寡膜纲的系统发育地位。     

蛭纲的系统演化

蛭类,俗称蚂蟥,是环节动物门中的一纲。这是一类高度特化的动物,其生活方式和身体构造与蚯蚓(寡毛类)和沙蚕(多毛类)等其他类环节动物有很大的不同。 蛭纲作为一个整体,是一个单源系统,因为它们都是由34个体节演变来的。那么,蛭纲又与哪一类环节动物近缘呢?不少学者认为它是由一类寡毛类适应外寄生生活方式演变而成。蛭类和寡毛类有许多共同点,例如:雌雄同体:无疣足;具有环带,环带分泌形成卵茧,卵在其中发育,并从茧内的营养液得到滋养;发育无变态,无自由生活的幼虫期以及相类似的胚胎学特征。但蛭类在向寄生生活特化的过程中,失去了蚯蚓用以运动的刚毛,而在身体两端     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.