两株解磷真菌的解磷能力及其解磷机理的初步研究

从不同处理的水稻土壤中分离筛选出两株高效解磷真菌HP2、P5,研究了不同碳源条件对溶磷效果的影响,以及解磷菌株在不同的碳源培养条件下,溶磷量与培养介质pH值之间的相关性。结果表明,HP2菌株解磷能力在不同的测定时间内均高于P5菌株;不同碳源培养基的溶磷量顺序为蔗糖〉葡萄糖〉纤维素,且彼此差异显著：测定时间内,菌株的溶磷量与介质pH值之间存在极显著相关性（P〈0．01）。     

杨树根际解无机磷细菌Mp1-Ha4的鉴定及其解磷机理

解无机磷细菌能够溶解土壤中的难溶性磷酸盐,增加土壤有效磷含量,促进植物生长。以一株杨树根际土壤中筛选得到的解无机磷细菌Mp1-Ha4为研究对象,利用分子生物学的方法对该菌株进行鉴定,测定了其对磷酸钙、磷酸铝和磷酸铁的解磷能力,并对该菌株9 d内的磷酸钙溶解动力学进行了研究。结果表明,解无机磷细菌Mp1-Ha4为一株西地西菌Cedecea sp.,其对磷酸钙的溶解能力远强于对磷酸铝和磷酸铁的溶解能力。在NBRIP液体培养基中,该菌株对磷酸钙的溶解能力达到了497.4 mg/L,在其对磷酸钙解磷过程中,培养基pH及可滴定酸度与解磷量分别呈显著负、正相关。高效液相色谱分析显示,该菌株在解磷过程中分泌了大量有机酸,主要包括α-酮戊二酸,酒石酸和苹果酸。分泌有机酸,降低环境pH可能是解无机磷细菌西地西菌(Cedecea sp.)Mp1-Ha4溶解难溶性磷酸盐的主要机制,同时该菌株对磷酸钙的高效溶解作用使其具有较大的研究和应用前景。     

一株高效解磷肠膜明串珠菌的分离鉴定及解磷能力研究

【背景】植物根际土壤含有多种溶磷微生物,但是具有溶磷能力的肠膜明串珠菌未见报道。【目的】从脐橙根际土壤分离高效解磷菌,研究其解磷应用。【方法】通过初筛和复筛从23株菌中筛选解磷能力较强的菌株,同时采用钼蓝比色法测定磷含量。通过测定发酵液中小分子有机酸含量、磷酸酯酶酶活及pH值的变化,探究菌株的解磷机理。【结果】经过筛选得到9株具有一定解磷能力的菌株。通过菌种16S rRNA基因序列分析和生理生化实验确定其中一株菌为肠膜明串珠菌,命名为肠膜明串珠菌G7。培养基初始pH6.0、碳源为葡萄糖、氮源为硫酸铵时G7的解磷能力较佳。G7发酵过程中产生大量有机酸,而其酸性磷酸酯酶活性高于碱性磷酸酯酶。【结论】碳源、氮源以及初始pH值都能影响G7的解磷能力,其解磷能力主要缘于在发酵过程中产生了大量小分子有机酸,关于G7的解磷机理还需要更深入的研究。     

两株解磷真菌的解磷能力及其解磷机理的初步研究*

从不同处理的水稻土壤中分离筛选出两株高效解磷真菌HP2、P5,研究了不同碳源条件对溶磷效果的影响,以及解磷菌株在不同的碳源培养条件下,溶磷量与培养介质pH值之间的相关性。结果表明,HP2菌株解磷能力在不同的测定时间内均高于P5菌株;不同碳源培养基的溶磷量顺序为蔗糖>葡萄糖>纤维素,且彼此差异显著;测定时间内,菌株的溶磷量与介质pH值之间存在极显著相关性(P<0.01)。     

一株高效解磷菌的筛选及其解磷效果验证

为开发新型、安全及高效的解磷菌肥,从农田中分离筛选出多株菌,通过解磷能力验证,最终选出解磷能力最强的X-P18菌株,经16S rDNA分析鉴定为贝莱斯芽孢杆菌。同时,通过优化X-P18菌株液体发酵培养条件并测定发酵液中小分子有机酸种类,初步探究菌株的解磷机理。将该解磷菌施用于黑叶葵扇白菜盆栽,并对小白菜的基本指标进行分析。结果表明,X-P18菌株在无机磷液体培养基中,溶磷量为495.4 mg/L,具有分泌乙酸及其他少量小分子有机酸的特性。培养基初始接种量为1%、pH8.0、碳源为甘露糖、氮源为硫酸铵、培养温度为30℃时,X-P18菌株的解磷能力最佳,溶磷量为582.4 mg/L,比优化前高出17.6%。在X-P18菌剂添加量为2×10~9CFU/盆时,对黑叶葵扇白菜的促生效果最明显,鲜重增加65.5%,叶片全磷含量增加46.9%。     

不动杆菌JL-1菌株的解磷机理

【背景】不动杆菌(Acinetobacter indicus) JL-1菌株可将土壤中难溶性磷转化为植物可吸收利用的可溶性磷,但其解磷机理尚不明确。【目的】探讨不动杆菌JL-1菌株的解磷机理。【方法】采用钼蓝比色法测定菌株在不同难溶性磷源中的解磷效果,确定最佳磷源;通过粒径测定法、超声破碎法、高效液相色谱法等多种方法,检测不动杆菌JL-1菌株在解磷过程中对磷酸钙的溶解作用、对磷的固化作用及产有机酸和磷酸酶酶活情况。【结果】不动杆菌JL-1菌株在磷酸钙液体培养基中解磷效果最佳,解磷量在48 h达到最高值118.04μg/mL。在解磷过程中,JL-1菌株对磷酸钙具有溶解作用,菌株自身固化了部分磷;可溶性磷的释放是发酵过程中产生的葡萄糖酸、丙酸、乙酸、乳酸等多种有机酸与磷酸酶共同作用的结果,有机酸中丙酸含量最高可达118.11 mg/mL;酸性磷酸酶酶活最高为22901.32μmol/(L·h),碱性磷酸酶酶活最高为23826.02μmol/(L·h)。【结论】不动杆菌JL-1菌株在解磷过程中对磷酸钙颗粒显示出一定的溶解作用,通过分泌有机酸和磷酸酶使可溶性磷释放,同时菌体固化了一部分磷,本研究为不动杆菌应用于农业生产提供了一定的实验数据参考。     

海南生态区植物根际解磷细菌的筛选及分子鉴定

【目的】了解海南酸性土壤解磷细菌溶解Ca3(PO4)2和FePO4特性;筛选高效稳定的解磷菌株,为应用研究提供菌源。【方法】采集海南21种植物的根际土样品,用营养琼脂、结晶紫-营养琼脂、酵母粉-甘露醇琼脂,稀释涂布法分离土壤细菌,选取平板上菌落形态有明显区别的代表性菌落,用最低营养琼脂进行纯化;Ⅰ筛用Ca3(PO4)2固体培养基培养5 d,挑取有溶磷圈的菌落;Ⅱ筛用Ca3(PO4)2培养液在32℃、200 r/min条件培养6 d,挑取解磷量大于200 mg/L的菌株;Ⅲ筛是在4次继代培养及每次15 d的4℃保藏后,用Ca3(PO4)2培养液培养6 d,挑取解磷量大于200 mg /L的菌株。称Ⅲ筛的选出菌株为高效稳定的解磷细菌(PSBHS),用FePO4培养液对PSBHS培养6 d,并测定解磷量;用简并引物扩增PSBHS 16S rDNA基因一个长度约1460 bp的片段,测序后,通过Blast检索同源序列,鉴定解磷细菌分类。【结果】共分离到363个代表性菌株,通过Ⅰ筛、Ⅱ筛、Ⅲ筛的代表性菌株分别是126个、45个、14个;14个PSBHS在Ca3(PO4)2培养液中经6 d培养,解磷量达201.0 mg/L ~623.3 mg/L,培养结束时pH值(3.82~4.34)与解磷量呈极显著负相关（r = -0.8155)。14个PSBHS在FePO4培养液中经6 d培养,解磷量只有1.6 mg/L ~34.2 mg/L,培养结束时pH值(2.87~5.67)与解磷量也呈极显著负相关(r = -0.6836)。16S rDNA序列分析,确定了6个PSBHS为Acinetobacter, 3个为Pseudomonas, 3个为Serratia, 2个为Enterobacter。     

一株解磷细菌的筛选、鉴定及其溶磷培养条件的优化

从土壤作物根际筛选分离出的一株解磷能力较强的溶磷菌P0417,对其进行16S r DNA基因水平上的初步鉴定,测定其溶解磷的能力,并对该菌的溶磷培养基条件进行优化。结果表明,经序列分析,确定该菌株P0417为洋葱伯克霍尔德氏菌。且其溶磷能力与培养液p H呈显著相关性,当培养基条件为葡萄糖10 g/L、草酸铵0.5 g/L、Na Cl 1.0 g/L时,菌株P0417对Ca3(PO4)2盐培养基具有较好的解磷能力,其解磷能力可达791.84μg/m L。     

麦田土壤解无机磷细菌的分离、筛选及其解磷效果

通过选择性解磷细菌培养基从麦田土壤中分离、纯化解无机磷细菌,并用钼蓝比色法定量研究磷细菌的解磷效果。结果表明通过选择性平板分离,发现麦田土壤中有15个菌株有解无机磷的作用,根据菌株直径和其解磷圈的大小,确定解磷能力较强的菌株9个;经过进一步分离纯化,选出单一无杂菌的菌株7个。解磷菌株经摇瓶培养后,比色测定培养液中磷的含量,通过比较发现其中5个菌株的解磷效果要显著优于其它两个菌株（P=0.05）。     

盐碱地柠条根围土中黑曲霉的分离鉴定及解磷能力测定

在盐碱滩地的改良过程中,柠条具有提升土壤供氮、供磷、供钾的潜力.以盐碱滩地上建植的柠条灌木林为研究对象,以柠条根围土壤为培养基质,采用无机磷培养基筛选,用平板溶菌圈法分离获得1株具有溶磷能力的真菌.将测得的ITS基因序列在NCBI上进行同源性检索,结果表明,所测序列与黑曲霉(Aspergillus niger)同源性为100％.综合形态特征和ITS基因序列同源性两方面分析,该菌株鉴定为黑曲霉(Aspergillus niger).168h连续监测无机磷培养液pH值、速效磷含量、菌丝重量和菌体吸磷量,研究该菌株的解磷能力.研究结果表明:随着培养时间的延长,培养液pH值从7.0下降到2.0左右,溶液中速效磷含量逐渐增加到4.7 mg,菌体自身吸磷量由5.4 mg下降到0.5mg,在36-48h后各项指标达到稳定状态.可见,黑曲霉菌体可以有效利用难溶性磷源,并将其转化成可被植物吸收利用的有效磷.     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Entwicklungsgeschichte und Ultrastruktur von Pollenkitt und Exine bei nahe verwandten entomophilen und anemophilen Angiospermensippen derAlismataceae,Liliaceae, Juncaceae,Cyperaceae, Poaceae undAraceae

Some closely related members of the monocotyledonous familiesAlismataceae, Liliaceae, Juncaceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae andAraceae with variable modes of pollination (insect- and wind-pollination) were studied in relation to the ultrastructure of pollenkitt and exine (amount, consistency and distribution of pollenkitt on the surface of pollen grains). The character syndromes of pollen cementing in entomophilous, anemophilous and intermediate (ambophilous or amphiphilous) monocotyledons are the same in principal as in dicotyledons. Comparing present with former results one can summarize: 1) The pollenkitt is always produced in the same manner by the anther tapetum in all angiosperm sub-classes. 2) The variable stickiness of entomophilous and anemophilous pollen always depends on the particular distribution and consistency of the pollenkitt, but not its amount on the pollen surface. 3) The mostly dry and powdery pollen of anemophilous plants always contains a variable amount of inactive pollenkitt in its exine cavities. 4) A step-by step change of the pollen cementing syndrome can be observed from entomophily towards anemophily. 5) From the omnipresence of pollenkitt in all wind-pollinated angiosperms studied one can conclude that the ancestors of anemophilous angiosperms probably have been zoophilous (i.e. entomophilous) throughout.

     

Identification and Characterization of the First Equine Parainfluenza Virus 5

正Dear Editor,Parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5), known as canine parainfluenza virus in the veterinary field, is a negative-sense,nonsegmented, single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the Paramyxoviridae family (Chen 2018). The virus was first reported in primary monkey kidney cells in 1954 (Hsiung1972), then it has been frequently discovered in various     

Pathogenic Characterization and Full Length Genome Sequence of a Reassortant Infectious Bursal Disease Virus Newly Isolated in Pakistan

<正>Dear Editor,Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is one of the most important diseases of the poultry. The IBD virus (IBDV), a nonenveloped virus belonging to the Birnaviridae family with a genome consisting of two segments of double-stranded RNA (segments A and B), targets B lymphocytes of bursa of Fabricious leading to immunosuppression. In Pakistan,poultry farming is the second biggest industry and IBD is the second biggest disease threating the poultry sector.However, there is limited genome information of IBDV