红树林溶磷菌的初步鉴定、溶磷能力测定及其优化培养

对分离来自华南红树林的溶磷菌进行16S rDNA或ITS等基因水平上的初步鉴定, 测定其溶解无机磷的能力, 并对溶磷菌的生长培养基条件进行优化。结果表明, 溶磷真菌的溶磷效果明显强于溶磷细菌, 且溶磷真菌的溶解无机磷能力与培养液的pH呈极显著负相关, 而溶磷细菌的溶磷能力与pH没显著相关关系。单因素实验表明, 对供试菌株生长的合适碳源为麦芽糖, 氮源为尿素。通过正交实验得到的优化培养基为麦芽糖5 g/L、尿素0.05 g/L、NaCl 5 g/L、pH 5, 在30°C下培养48 h菌落总数可达6.06×     

一株高效解磷菌的筛选及其解磷效果验证

为开发新型、安全及高效的解磷菌肥,从农田中分离筛选出多株菌,通过解磷能力验证,最终选出解磷能力最强的X-P18菌株,经16S rDNA分析鉴定为贝莱斯芽孢杆菌。同时,通过优化X-P18菌株液体发酵培养条件并测定发酵液中小分子有机酸种类,初步探究菌株的解磷机理。将该解磷菌施用于黑叶葵扇白菜盆栽,并对小白菜的基本指标进行分析。结果表明,X-P18菌株在无机磷液体培养基中,溶磷量为495.4 mg/L,具有分泌乙酸及其他少量小分子有机酸的特性。培养基初始接种量为1%、pH8.0、碳源为甘露糖、氮源为硫酸铵、培养温度为30℃时,X-P18菌株的解磷能力最佳,溶磷量为582.4 mg/L,比优化前高出17.6%。在X-P18菌剂添加量为2×10~9CFU/盆时,对黑叶葵扇白菜的促生效果最明显,鲜重增加65.5%,叶片全磷含量增加46.9%。     

棉花根际解磷菌的解磷能力和分泌有机酸的初步测定

利用特殊培养基对盐碱地棉花根际解磷菌进行了分离以及pH值和分泌有机酸能力的初步测定。利用溶磷圈法筛选出10个解磷能力较高的菌株进行深入研究,其中液体培养条件下测定了菌株的溶磷能力,有效磷在4.04~185.63 mg/L,其中wpL2溶磷量达到185.63 mg/L;测定了培养液pH值,下降到5.12~6.67,但是pH与溶磷量之间没有线性关系,测定了培养液的有机酸含量,菌株溶磷量与有机酸总量没有线性相关性,其中所分离到的解无机磷菌株均可以分泌酒石酸,除此之外,wpc1还分泌乙酸,wpc2和wpL2还分泌柠檬酸;分离到的解有机磷菌株均可分泌乙酸,除此之外,ypL1和ypc2分泌酒石酸,ypL3分泌柠檬酸,ypL2和ypc3分泌柠檬酸和丁二酸,均不能产生苹果酸。     

三株土壤解磷细菌的分离及其解磷效果分析

旨为解决农业面源污染问题,分离鉴定土壤解磷微生物并开发复合微生物菌剂。以有机磷农药及无机难溶磷作为筛选磷源,对土壤中具有解磷能力的微生物进行分离、鉴定并对其解磷效果进行分析。从土壤中分离得到3株解磷细菌,分别命名为菌株W、Y、B;3个菌株均是革兰氏阴性菌;W菌株对敌百虫的降解能力最强,达到17.39%,B菌株对毒死蜱的降解率最强,为23.06%;3个菌株对固态难溶磷的解磷效果显著,其中B菌株解磷量最高,为96.31 mg/L;复合菌的解磷效果明显优于单菌,另外复合菌对稻田、大棚土壤解磷的促进效果显著,分别增加18.38 mg/L、14.08 mg/L。分离得到3株有效土壤解磷细菌,有一定的有机磷农药降解能力,对无机磷溶解效果较强,构建的复合菌剂对土壤解磷的促进效果显著。     

河西走廊盐碱土壤中一株高效溶磷菌的鉴定及条件优化

【目的】探究一株从河西走廊盐碱土壤中分离的高效溶磷菌菌株Y3-35的分类地位及其溶磷特性。【方法】通过菌落形态特征、生理生化特性及其16S r RNA基因序列分析对其进行分类鉴定,采用溶磷圈法分离溶磷菌,钼锑抗比色法测定溶磷量,并利用单因素试验和正交试验对其溶磷条件进行优化。【结果】鉴定菌株Y3-35为Pantoea theicola的近缘种。菌株Y3-35溶磷量与p H呈显著负相关,最佳溶磷条件:葡萄糖20.0 g/L,蛋白胨15.0 g/L,氯化钠2.5 g/L,温度为24°C;优化条件下菌株Y3-35溶磷量最高可达723.34 mg/L,比优化前增加251%。【结论】菌株Y3-35具有很好的溶磷能力,有较好的应用前景。     

解磷菌发酵及溶磷条件的研究

从新疆盐碱土中分离纯化得到一株高效解磷菌PS-3,为改善盐碱地磷素供应提供菌种资源。采用单因素和正交试验,对菌株PS-3的发酵条件和溶磷能力进行分析。结果表明,菌株PS-3较适发酵条件为温度35℃、pH 7和盐浓度1%,其对碳、氮源的利用顺序依次为葡萄糖>麦芽糖>果糖>蔗糖>乳糖,硝酸铵>硝酸钠>氯化铵>硫酸铵>尿素,菌株PS-3最适溶磷条件为2%葡萄糖、0.01%硝酸铵、温度35℃、初始pH 7.5、盐浓度2 g/L、接种量4%,在此条件下,其对磷酸三钙的溶解量可达100 2.95mg/L。该菌株具有一定耐盐性和良好的溶磷能力,在生物溶磷方面具有较好的应用潜力。     

一株高效解无机磷细菌BS06的鉴定及其解磷能力分析

【目的】对一株来源于广西甘蔗根际土壤的高效解无机磷细菌BS06的分类和解磷能力进行探讨,以期为解磷微生物在广西甘蔗生产上的开发和应用提供理论依据。【方法】通过形态观察、生理生化测定及16S rRNA基因序列同源性分析,进一步结合种特异的recA基因序列分析对解磷菌BS06进行分类鉴定;通过改变无机磷培养基中的碳源、氮源对菌株解磷能力的影响,分析菌株的解磷特性;通过盆栽试验了解菌株对甘蔗品种粤糖00236、桂糖28磷素吸收的影响。【结果】分类鉴定结果表明菌株BS06属于洋葱伯克霍尔德菌(Burkholderia cepacia);菌株在以乳糖为碳源条件下具有较强的解磷能力,其发酵液中水溶性磷含量为262.71 mg/L;在以硝酸钠为氮源条件下有较强解磷能力,其发酵液中水溶性磷含量达到305.85 mg/L;接种BS06菌株显著促进甘蔗组培苗的生长并提高甘蔗植株的含磷量。【结论】解磷细菌BS06具有较大的开发利用潜力。     

磷尾矿土壤中解磷细菌的筛选及解磷能力的测定

以贵州瓮福磷尾矿土壤为原料,从中分离纯化得到具有较高解磷能力的细菌。利用溶磷圈试验筛选出具有明显溶磷圈的细菌,通过形态学特征、生理生化试验、16S rDNA基因序列分析及系统发育树对其进行初步鉴定。再以磷酸三钙为唯一磷源对筛选所得菌株进行液态培养,探索不同菌株解磷能力与培养液pH值之间的关系,并通过钼锑抗比色法测定3株细菌的最大解磷能力。从分离纯化得到的4株细菌筛选出具有明显溶磷圈的细菌PSB1、PSB3和PSB4,初步鉴定菌株PSB1为普城沙雷氏菌(Serratia plymuthica),PSB3为嗜麦芽窄食单胞菌(Stenotrophomonas maltophilia),PSB4为泡囊短波单胞菌(Brevundimonas vesicularis),最大解磷能力分别为148.87μg/mL、153.84μg/mL和146.76μg/mL。与国内已报道的文献相比,实验筛选所得的3株细菌都是具有较高解磷能力的菌种。菌株PSB1和PSB4培养液中pH值与其解磷能力存在显著的负相关性,而菌株PSB3不存在,其解磷机理还需进一步研究。     

一株高效溶磷产红青霉培养条件优化及其溶磷特性

为了减少农业生产中化学肥料的使用,本研究利用无机磷培养基对富磷的茶树（Camellia sinensis L.）根际微生物进行筛选,获得一株对磷酸三钙具有高效降解能力的真菌菌株JL-1,经鉴定为产红青霉（Penicillium rubens）。通过检测菌株JL-1在溶磷过程中发酵液的pH值、磷含量和有机酸含量变化发现,该菌株在无机磷培养基中,发酵液pH值与葡萄糖酸含量、pH值与磷含量以及葡萄糖酸与磷含量分别呈显著负相关、显著负相关和显著正相关,且在电子显微镜下观察到磷酸三钙颗粒表面存在被侵蚀痕迹,深入分析发现菌株JL-1通过分泌葡糖糖酸实现侵蚀磷酸三钙与溶磷的目的。通过单因素试验、Plackett-Burman设计试验、最陡爬坡试验和中心组合试验等一系列试验对培养条件进行优化发现,菌株JL-1溶解磷酸三钙的最佳碳源和氮源分别是葡萄糖和硫酸铵。葡萄糖含量、磷酸三钙含量和温度是影响菌株JL-1溶磷能力的主要因素,在葡萄糖29.8 g/L,磷酸三钙7.1 g/L,温度31.9℃的条件下,菌株JL-1在无机磷培养基中的溶磷能力达到最佳,溶磷量达到1 194.15 mg/L,是初始值的近3倍。在...     

不同水肥管理对红花生长的影响及红花根际解磷菌的筛选和鉴定

【目的】分析不同水肥条件对红花生物量、根际土壤磷素及微生物的影响,并从红花根际土壤样品中分离具有高效解磷能力的菌株,为红花科学水肥管理提供理论依据,并为红花的生长发育和根际微环境研究提供优良菌株。【方法】采用不同磷肥梯度处理红花,在红花的莲座期、伸长期、盛花期和种子成熟期检测植株生物量,同时测定植株根际土壤微生物、全磷和速效磷以及土壤磷酸酶活性,并进行差异性和相关性分析。采用抖土法和稀释涂布法分离筛选具有高效解磷能力的菌株。通过16S rRNA基因序列比较分析,对其进行鉴定。通过钼锑抗比色法测定菌株在不同培养基中的溶磷能力。利用灌根法和稀释涂布法接种优势菌株,分析菌株在红花根际定殖能力和促生能力。【结果】W3-P2的水肥处理有利于红花生物量的积累,速效磷含量和磷酸酶活性随施加磷肥浓度的增加呈先增大后减小趋势,水分对土壤全磷、速效磷和磷酸酶的影响与红花发育时期相关。细菌是红花根际土壤的优势菌群,在种子成熟期W4-P2处理组细菌数目最多,分别为3.017×10⁷ CFU/g和3.021×10⁷ CFU/g,远高于相同处理组的真菌和放线菌。从红花根际土壤筛选出5株高效解磷菌株（登录号C1：OR493125;C2：OR493126;C5：OR493127;C6：OR493128;C7：OR493129）,均对以无机磷和有机磷为唯一磷源的培养基具有溶磷能力和降低pH的功能,其中C6的溶磷能力最强,在磷酸三钙、磷酸铝、磷酸铁和植酸钙无机磷培养基中解磷量分别为380.00、269.32、7.15、48.16 mg/L,在有机磷（卵磷脂）培养基中解磷量为18.19 mg/L。通过16S rRNA基因序列分析,C6为假单胞菌属,C1、C2、C5、C7为中华根瘤菌属。在红花植株周围接种2%优势解磷菌C1、C5和C6菌体悬液（10⁸ CFU/mL）,在21 d时仍然保持在10⁵ CFU/g,其中C6定殖能力最强。同时检测盛花期生物量（叶片数、株高、茎粗、茎秆重和根长）,结果显示均能显著促进红花生长,其中C6菌株促生能力最强,分别为122片、115.96 cm、12.49 mm、43.36 g、21.17 cm。【结论】水肥影响红花根际微环境的速效磷含量和微生物数目的变化水平,促进红花根系的生长发育,从而直接或间接影响红花生物量,W3-P2的水肥量相对适合红花的生长。菌株C6是一株高效解磷菌株,能够分解难溶性有机磷和无机磷,盆栽实验表明C6可以在红花根际定殖并显著促进红花生长。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.