猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒N基因的克隆及高效表达*

本试验参照GenBank公布的Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus(PRRSV)VR2332株的核苷酸序列,设计并合成了一对引物,应用RT-PCR方法扩增出了PRRSV的核衣壳蛋白基因(N基因).在对N基因及pET32a载体双酶切后进行连接,构建了高效原核表达载体pETN.将pETN重组质粒转化BL21(DE3)宿主菌后,对培养条件及诱导表达条件(IPTG最佳浓度、作用时间)等影响表达的因素进行优化,实现了PRRSV核衣壳蛋白基因的高效表达.     

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒核衣壳蛋白基因的克隆与原核表达研究

采用RT-PCR方法自猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒基因组分离出核衣壳蛋白基因(orf 7),克隆到pMD18-T载体构建成重组质粒pMD18N并进行测序比较,结果表明,所克隆的核衣壳蛋白基因序列与PRRSV美洲型ATCC VR-2332株的同源性为100%,表明orf 7 是PRRSV基因组内很保守的序列;将orf 7亚克隆到原核表达载体pGEX-KG,构建成重组质粒pGEX-KGN,用pGEX-KGN转化表达菌株BL21,经SDS-PAGE和 Western-blot分析表明克隆在谷胱苷肽转移酶(Glutathione S-transferase(GST)下游的核衣壳蛋白基因与GST获得了高效融合表达,表达的融合蛋白GST-N分子量约为41kDa,并且有免疫学反应活性;这为猪繁殖与呼吸综合征的血清学诊断方法的建立打下了基础.     

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒核衣壳蛋白基因的克隆与原核表达研究

采用RT—PCR方法自猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒基因组分离出核衣壳蛋白基因(ofr7),克隆到pMDl8—T载体构建成重组质粒pMDl8N并进行测序比较,结果表明,所克隆的核衣壳蛋白基因序列与PRRSV美洲型ATCCVR—2332株的同源性为100％,表明ofr7是PRRSV基因组内很保守的序列;将ofr7亚克隆到原核表达载体pGEX—KG,构建成重组质粒pGEX—KGN,用pGEX—KGN转化表达菌株BL21,经SDS—PAGE和Western-blot分析表明：克隆在谷胱苷肽转移酶(Glutathione S-transferase(GST)下游的核衣壳蛋白基因与GST获得了高效融合表达,表达的融合蛋白GST—N分子量约为41kDa,并且有免疫学反应活性;这为猪繁殖与呼吸综合征的血清学诊断方法的建立打下了基础。     

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒S1株GP3蛋白的原核表达与纯化

利用限制性酶切从重组质粒pRSET-GP3中得到缺失N端疏水序列的基因片段tGP3(truncated GP3)。将tGP3克隆至原核高效表达载体pRSET,在E.coliBL21细胞中用IPTG诱导表达了猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)重组蛋白(His)6-GP3,并用亲和层析法获得了纯化蛋白。Western-Blotting结果表明重组蛋白可被PRRSV阳性血清所识别,从而为进一步研究PRRSV GP3结构蛋白的免疫特性和功能奠定了基础。     

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒S1株GP3蛋白的原核表达与纯化

利用限制性酶切从重组质粒pRSET-GP3中得到缺失N端疏水序列的基因片段tGP3(truncated GP3).将tGP3克隆至原核高效表达载体pRSET,在E.coli BL21细胞中用IPTG诱导表达了猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)重组蛋白(His)6-GP3,并用亲和层析法获得了纯化蛋白.Western-Blottmg结果表明重组蛋白可被PRRSV阳性血清所识别,从而为进一步研究PRRSV GP3结构蛋白的免疫特性和功能奠定了基础.     

PRRSV核衣壳蛋白(N蛋白)的克隆及其原核表达

目的:采用基冈工程手段表达PRRSV VR 2332菌株的核农壳蛋白(N蛋白).方法:利用RT-PCR方法扩增出猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)VR 2332菌株的核衣壳蛋白(N蛋白)基冈并将其克降到原核表达载pET30a( )上,得到重组质粒rpEI30a-PRRSV/N,并将其转入受体菌E.coli B121(DE3)pLysS感受态细胞中,经IPTG诱导,通过SDS-PAGE电泳检测和Western blotting分析表达产物的特性.结果:SDS-PAGE电泳检测和Western blotting分析结果表明,表达的蛋白大小约为19kDa,符合预期结果,并能与抗PRRSV N蛋白的单克隆抗体发生特异性反应,说明表达的蛋白具有良好的免疫原性,可应用于临床PRRSV抗体的检测.结论:在大肠杆菌表达系统内成功表达了PRRSV核农壳蛋白(N蛋白).     

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒GP5a多克隆抗血清的制备

构建XX2012株猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus,PRRSV)GP5a蛋白基因的真核表达载体,并制备出GP5a蛋白的多克隆抗血清。以XX2012株PRRSV GP5a蛋白的基因序列为扩增模板,设计并合成一对特异性扩增引物,通过RTPCR扩增得到该病毒株的GP5a蛋白全长基因片段,将其定向克隆到真核表达载体p CAGG中,构建含有GP5a蛋白基因的重组表达载体p CAGGS-GP5a,并将获得的p CAGGS-GP5a载体采用基因免疫的方式免疫BALB/c小鼠制备GP5a蛋白的多克隆抗体。结果显示,成功克隆出了XX2012株PRRSV GP5a蛋白全长基因,片段大小为156 bp;构建的p CAGGS-GP5a载体经PCR、双酶切、测序鉴定均无误;通过三次基因免疫小鼠成功制备出了GP5a蛋白的多克隆抗体,间接免疫荧光试验证实制备出的多克隆抗体能特异性识别病毒感染后的细胞。由此获得了PRRSV GP5a蛋白基因的真核表达载体,制备出了GP5a蛋白的特异性多克隆抗血清,为今后开展GP5a蛋白的亚细胞定位及相关功能的研究奠定了基础。     

流感病毒nsl基因的克隆及其原核表达载体的构建

为了解H5N1亚型流感病毒株的nsl基因特性及其规模制备NSl蛋白,首先将病毒在鸡胚中传代,从收获的尿囊液中提取RNA,采用RT-PCR技术扩增流感病毒全长ns基因。测序显示H5N1亚型流感病毒NSlcDNA全长678bp,编码225个氨基酸。BLAST分析表明,Qa/ST／852,01(H5N1)病毒株nsl基因与近年来从华南地区分离的禽H5N1毒株的nsl基因有很高的同源性。之后采用PCR方法扩增nsl基因的cDNA片段,将其克隆到pGEX-4T-3载体中,与谷胱甘肽巯基转移酶(GST)基因融合,构建重组质粒pGEX-4T-3／NSlcDNA,转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)并进行诱导表达。SDS,PAGE和凝胶扫描分析,GS~NSl融合蛋白在大肠杆菌中获得了高效表达,并且以可溶形式存在,重组融合蛋白的表达量占菌体总蛋白的28．5％,表达产物经亲和层析纯化后蛋白质纯度达96％以上。经免疫印记证实重组融合蛋白可以被GST特异性抗体所识别。该表达载体的构建为获得大量NSl蛋白进行功能研究及抗体制备提供了基础。     

SARS病毒核衣壳蛋白、膜蛋白在大肠杆菌中的高效表达和纯化

通过反转录PCR获得了SARS冠状病毒核衣壳蛋白(N)和膜蛋白(M)基因,其序列分析结果与加拿大多伦多株完全一致。将M基因和N基因克隆到大肠杆菌表达载体pET22b和pBV222上,并在大肠杆菌中以包涵体及可溶形式获得高效表达。通过离子交换、金属螯合层析纯化获得电泳纯制品。所获得的核衣壳蛋白具有良好的抗原性,可用于抗SARS抗体检测及亚单位疫苗研究。     

重组猪肺表面活性蛋白A在体外可抑制PRRSV感染宿主细胞

【目的】研究重组猪肺表面活性蛋白A(SP-A)在体外对猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)感染的抑制作用。【方法】采用PCR方法从含有猪SP-A基因的质粒中扩增SP-A基因,并将其插入到含有人CD5信号肽序列的真核表达载体pcDNA3.1A-CD5中,构建成SP-A基因的真核分泌型表达载体pcDNA-CD5-SPA/MH。将重组表达载体通过磷酸钙介导转染HEK293T细胞进行瞬时表达,通过Western blot方法鉴定表达产物,采用Ni-NTA琼脂糖凝胶亲和层析法从培养基中分离和纯化重组SP-A蛋白,通过ELISA方法检测SP-A蛋白与PRRSV的结合活性。将SP-A蛋白与PRRSV孵育,然后感染MARC-145细胞和猪肺泡巨噬细胞,感染72 h后测定病毒滴度,分析重组SP-A蛋白对PRRSV感染的抑制作用。【结果】结果表明构建的真核表达载体能够介导SP-A基因在HEK293T细胞中进行分泌表达;表达的重组猪SP-A蛋白能够与PRRSV进行剂量依赖性结合;用重组猪SP-A蛋白与PRRSV进行孵育,然后感染MARC-145细胞和猪肺泡巨噬细胞,结果显示SP-A处理的PRRSV感染细胞后的病变程度明显低于对照组。感染72 h后,SP-A处理组的PRRSV在MARC-145细胞和猪肺泡巨噬细胞的滴度明显低于SP-A非处理组。【结论】重组猪SP-A在体外对PRRSV的感染有明显的抑制作用,揭示SP-A具有抗PRRSV的活性。     

壳聚糖酶的克隆表达与壳寡糖的制备分析

目的:克隆壳聚糖酶基因于大肠杆菌中实现高表达,制备壳寡糖。方法:以枯草芽孢杆菌总DNA为模板扩增壳聚糖酶基因(CSN),克隆至载体pET23a(+)上,转化菌株BL21(DE3)。重组子经0.5 mmol/L IPTG诱导后,SDS-PAGE和质谱检测与鉴定重组酶。酶纯化后水解壳聚糖,薄层色谱分析其水解产物。结果:质谱证明壳聚糖酶(31.5kDa)成功表达,表达量占菌体总蛋白的45%左右。纯化后重组酶浓度为900 mg/L,纯度95%、回收率85%,酶活力为10 000 U/mg。壳聚糖降解产物为壳二糖至壳四糖。结论:原核表达载体pET23a(+)-CSN构建正确,壳聚糖酶表达量与活性高,适用于水解壳聚糖制备壳寡糖。     

国内外蝗害治理技术现状与展望

本文首先概述了国内外蝗虫发生与为害的态势,总结了现阶段我国蝗虫发生与为害的主要特点:即农田飞蝗暴发频繁而且严重,草原土蝗的发生时常造成严重的经济损失,而且侵入城市干扰市民生活,我国与周边国家之间蝗虫过境迁移频繁,使用化学农药污染环境和农产品;分析了国内外蝗虫防治对策与技术的发展现状,重点介绍了应急防治和可持续治理对策、...     

Coiled-coil nanomechanics and uncoiling and unfolding of the superhelix and alpha-helices of myosin

The nanomechanical properties of the coiled-coils of myosin are fundamentally important in understanding muscle assembly and contraction. Force spectra of single molecules of double-headed myosin, single-headed myosin, and coiled-coil tail fragments were acquired with an atomic force microscope and displayed characteristic triphasic force-distance responses to stretch: a rise phase (R) and a plateau phase (P) and an exponential phase (E). The R and P phases arise mainly from the stretching of the coiled-coils, with the hinge region being the main contributor to the rise phase at low force. Only the E phase was analyzable by the worm-like chain model of polymer elasticity. Restrained molecular mechanics simulations on an existing x-ray structure of scallop S2 yielded force spectra with either two or three phases, depending on the mode of stretch. It revealed that coiled-coil chains separate completely near the end of the P phase and the stretching of the unfolded chains gives rise to the E phase. Extensive conformational searching yielded a P phase force near 40 pN that agreed well with the experimental value. We suggest that the flexible and elastic S2 region, particularly the hinge region, may undergo force-induced unfolding and extend reversibly during actomyosin powerstroke.     

放牧对牧草光合作用、呼吸作用和氮、碳吸收与转运的影响

研究放牧对草地植物生理活动的影响,对于揭示草地放牧演替的生理机制有重要意义.大量研究表明,家畜放牧对牧草光合作用、呼吸作用以及C和N吸收与转运的影响,可以分为生理伤害和生理恢复2个阶段.放牧通过改变草地冠层结构影响牧草光合作用,净光合作用速率短期内迅速下降,随着叶面积指数增加又逐渐上升,呼吸作用有相似的变化趋势.牧草放牧后再生长所需的C和N最初主要来自根系和留茬中的贮藏物质,此后随着牧草生长恢复逐渐由同化作用供给,C代谢与土壤N水平负相关.放牧后牧草生理活动变化与牧草遗传特性、种间竞争、家畜放牧特征、非生物环境等因素密切相关.     

Kinetics and thermodynamics of peroxidase- and laccase-catalyzed oxidation of N-substituted phenothiazines and phenoxazines

N -substituted phenothiazines (PTs) and phenoxazines (POs) catalyzed by fungal Coprinus cinereus peroxidase and Polyporus pinsitus laccase were investigated at pH 4–10. In the case of peroxidase, an apparent bimolecular rate constant (expressed as k _cat/K _m) varied from 1 ×10⁷M⁻¹s⁻¹to 2.6×10⁸M⁻¹s⁻¹ at pH 7.0. The constants for PO oxidation were higher in comparison to PT. pH dependence revealed two or three ionizable groups with pK _a values of 4.9–5.7 and 7.7–9.7 that significantly affected the activity of peroxidase. Single-turnover experiments showed that the limiting step of PT oxidation was reduction of compound II and second-order rate constants were obtained which were consistent with the constants at steady-state conditions. Laccase-catalyzed PT and PO oxidation rates were lower; apparent bimolecular rate constants varied from 1.8×10⁵M⁻¹s⁻¹ to 2.0×10⁷M⁻¹s⁻¹ at pH 5.3. PO constants were higher in comparison to PT, as was the case with peroxidase. The dependence of the apparent bimolecular constants of compound II or copper type 1 reduction, in the case of peroxidase or laccase, respectively, was analyzed in the framework of the Marcus outer-sphere electron-transfer theory. Peroxidase-catalyzed reactions with PT, as well as PO, fitted the same hyperbolic dependence with a maximal oxidation rate of 1.6×10⁸M⁻¹s⁻¹ and a reorganization energy of 0.30 eV. The respective parameters for laccase were 5.0×10⁷M⁻¹s⁻¹ and 0.29 eV. Received: 20 September 1999 / Accepted: 24 February 2000     

Synthesis of hapten and conjugates of coumestrol and development of immunoassay

3-O-Carboxymethylcoumestrol was prepared as the hapten for immunoassay by a partial alkylation of coumestrol with ethyl chloroacetate in acetone alkalized with potassium carbonate. 3-O-Ethoxycarbonylmethylcoumestrol was separated by column chromatography and finally was hydrolyzed with formic acid. 1H and 13C NMR data (APT, COSY, HMQC, and HMBC) revealed that the reaction was regioselective, as 3-O-ethoxycarboxymethylcoumestrol was the only monosubstituted derivative. The hapten was then conjugated to bovine serum albumin and used for immunization of rabbits. A radioimmunoassay (RIA) system was established based on the polyclonal antiserum and a 125I-labeled hapten-tyrosine methyl ester conjugate as the radioligand. Parameters of the RIA: sensitivity: 12 pg per tube, 50% intercept: 140 pg per tube, working range: 20-4000 pg per tube. The cross-reactivity of a panel isoflavonoid and lignan phytoestrogens was either negligible (e.g. formononetin 0.07%; biochanin A 0.06%) or not detectable at all. The major immunoreactive peak in HPLC fractions from an alfalfa extract had the same retention time as coumestrol standard and represented 94.8% of the signal. The remaining 5.2% of immunoreactivity was distributed between five minor peaks. We conclude that after the validation for particular matrices, the method will be a useful tool for analysis of coumestrol, especially in low volume and low concentration samples.     

白术同源四倍体的诱导和鉴定及其与二倍体过氧化物酶的比较

以白术（Atractylodes macrooephala Koidz.）二倍体组培苗为材料,对其四倍体诱导方法进行研究,共获得45个白术同源四倍体株系,为优良株系的选育提供了材料。此外,还分析比较了其中8个白术四倍体株系与二倍体的过氧化物酶同工酶（POD）的酶谱差异,发现四倍体各株系过氧化物酶同工酶谱比二倍体的均多了Rf0.310的谱带,且总过氧化物酶比活力也发生了很大改变,对探讨白术四倍体优良株系的生理生化机理具有一定的参考价值。