免疫球蛋白超家族分子在神经系统中的分布及功能

免疫球蛋白超家族(immunoglobulin su-perfamily,IgSF)分子是以基因和分子水平上的结构相似性为分类依据,在氨基酸组成上与免疫球蛋白可变区(V区)或恒定区(C区)有较高同源性的蛋白分子。根据IgSF结构域中Ig折叠方式、两个半胱氨酸之间氨基酸残基的数目以及与IgV区或C区同源性的程度,IgSF结构域可分为V组、C络组和C2组。V组结构域的两个半胱氨酸之间含65—75个氨基酸残基,2个β片层区共有9个反平行β折叠股;C1组     

重组PLZF蛋白锌指结构域的表达、提纯和活性分析

PLZF(promyelocytic leukaemia zinc finger protein)是一种重要的转录抑制因子,它由位于N端的BTB结构域和C端的锌指结构域构成。鉴于目前对于锌指结构域的立体结构还不是十分清楚,对其进行了高效表达和提纯。为了表达PLZF蛋白的锌指结构域,在其编码序列的5'端加上起始密码ATG后插入到表达载体PET-11a的多克隆位点。构建好的表达质粒转化到BL21 (DE3)大肠杆菌内并用IPTG诱导表达,发现重组蛋白主要以不溶性的包涵体形式在胞内表达。用含有SDS变性剂的缓冲液溶解包涵体后,采用凝胶过滤方法将重组蛋白纯化到纯度达96%以上。对纯化后的蛋白质用反透析的方法进行复性,然后用DNA结合实验进行活性分析,发现复性后的蛋白质具有特异的DNA结合活性,这为进一步研究PLZF蛋白锌指结构域的立体结构打下了重要基础。     

恒河猴MHC-I类分子Mamu-A*02与猴免疫缺陷病毒抗原表位复合物的纯化和晶体学分析

恒河猴是研究人免疫缺陷型病毒(HIV)感染与获得性免疫缺失综合征(AIDS)疫苗研制的最为重要的动物模型,其组织相容性复合体(MHC)结构的解析将有助于了解HIV免疫逃逸机制。本研究克隆了1个恒河猴MHC-I类分子Mamu-A*02轻链(β2m)基因并插入到pET21a(+)原核表达载体中,成功构建了重组表达质粒pET21a(+)-Mamu-β2m。pET21a(+)-Mamu-β2m和之前构建好的恒河猴Mamu-A*02重链(α)重组质粒pET21a(+)-α分别转入BL21(DE3)大肠杆菌表达体系中,IPTG诱导表达。Mamu-A*02重链和猴β2m目的蛋白在BL21(DE3)中以包涵体形式表达。重链、轻链的包涵体蛋白和Mamu-A*02限制的猴免疫缺陷病毒(SIV)Nef表位多肽(YY9)通过稀释法共复性。高纯度的复合物蛋白经分子筛层析和阴离子交换层析纯化后获得。复合物晶体利用悬滴法筛选并优化,并在0.1mol/LBIS-TRIS(pH5.5)、2.0mol/L(NH4)2SO4条件下收集一套2.8?分辨率的X-射线衍射数据。晶体属于正交空间群P212121,其晶胞参数为a=128.99?,b=129...     

TIG-Fc真核表达载体的构建及其对自然杀伤细胞功能的影响

T细胞免疫球蛋白和免疫受体酪氨酸抑制性基序结构域\[T-cell immunoglobulin and immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif (ITIM) domain,TIGIT\]是一种新型的免疫抑制性受体,在机体的免疫调节网络中扮演着重要角色。为了进一步探究TIGIT对自然杀伤（natural killer,NK）细胞的免疫调节功能,构建了融合蛋白TIGIT胞外段（即TIGIT第1~135位氨基酸,以保留功能结构域IgV区,此胞外段简称为TIG）-人免疫球蛋白G3（immunoglobulin G3,IgG3）Fc段的真核表达载体,并对TIG-Fc融合蛋白的表达及其对NK-92细胞功能的影响进行了初步研究。利用分子生物学方法,将携带人TIG与人IgG3 Fc段的基因融合,然后插入真核表达载体pcDNA3.1(-)中,以构建重组质粒pcDNA3.1(-)-TIG-Fc。随后将重组质粒转染至人胚肾细胞HEK-293T中,通过流式细胞仪和Western blot检测TIG-Fc融合蛋白在293T细胞中的表达;再将重组质粒转染至NK-92细胞中,通过WST-1检测TIG-Fc融合蛋白对NK-92细胞增殖的影响,并利用ELISA法检测TIG-Fc融合蛋白对NK-92细胞分泌IFN-γ的水平的影响。结果成功构建了人TIG与人IgG3 Fc融合表达的真核表达载体,且TIG-Fc融合蛋白的表达能够显著抑制NK-92细胞的增殖和分泌IFN-γ的能力（P<0.05）,为后期TIGIT的功能研究奠定了重要基础。     

孕烷X受体配体结合结构域蛋白晶体的X线衍射结构解析

目的:利用X线衍射技术解析孕烷X受体(PXR)配体结合结构域(LBD)蛋白晶体的3维结构。方法:对PXR蛋白LBD(130~434氨基酸残基)序列进行密码子优化并化学合成后克隆至pRSFDuet-1表达载体,再将载体导入大肠杆菌BL21(DE3),对PXR-LBD蛋白进行原核表达与分离纯化;采用晶体筛选试剂盒筛选蛋白结晶条件,采用悬滴法获得目标蛋白的晶体;对获得的蛋白晶体进行X线晶体衍射检测,并收集相关数据建立PXR-LBD的三维结构。结果:获得了PXR-LBD的高质量晶体并利用X线衍射解析了该蛋白质晶体的结构数据,使用Phenix.refine软件和COOT软件等对结构进行修正,最终获得了高分辨率的3维结构数据。结论:完成了孕烷X受体配体结合结构域蛋白晶体的X线衍射结构解析,为研究和开发PXR相关药物奠定了基础。     

颗粒裂解肽G13结构域在大肠杆菌中的高效融合表达

为高效表达颗粒裂解肽G13结构域并避免G13对宿主菌的毒性, 将人工合成的编码G13的基因片段, PCR扩增后克隆于原核表达载体pThioHisA中, 构建了重组表达载体pThioHisA-G13, 将其转化于大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中, 经IPTG诱导表达融合蛋白Trx-G13, 表达产物以包涵体的形式存在, 其表达量约占细菌总蛋白的58%。包涵体蛋白经 8 mol/L尿素溶解后, 再经CNBr切割, 阳离子交换层析, 得到纯化的重组G13结构域。琼脂糖扩散法检测表明重组G13结构域多肽具有抗菌活性。     

IL-1ra-Fce融合基因的克隆、表达及鉴定

白细胞介素-1与免疫球蛋白E在过敏性哮喘发病中发挥着重要作用。本试验克隆了白细胞介素-1受体拮抗剂(IL-1ra)及IgE分子恒定区cDNA片段, 构建了融合基因原核表达载体IL-1ra-Fce/pBV220。将其转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3), 实现了融合蛋白的高效表达, Western blotting结果表明表达蛋白为目的融合蛋白, 主要以包涵体形式存在; 利用分子筛和阳离子交换层析对表达产物经进行了纯化, 纯化的包涵体复性后经体外功能试验表明, 融合蛋白的活性与IL-1ra没有显著性差异; 初步药代动力学分析显示IL-1ra-Fce半衰期比IL-1ra延长了4.78倍。     

IL-Ira-Fcε融合基因的克隆、表达及鉴定

白细胞介素-1与免疫球蛋白E在过敏性哮喘发病中发挥着重要作用.本试验克隆了白细胞介素-1受体拮抗剂(IL-1ra)及IgE分子恒定区cDNA片段,构建了融合基因原核表达载体IL-1ra-Fcg/pV220.将其转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3),实现了融合蛋白的高效表达,Western blotting结果表明表达蛋白为目的融合蛋白,主要以包涵体形式存在;利用分子筛和阳离子交换层析对表达产物经进行了纯化,纯化的包涵体复性后经体外功能试验表明,融合蛋白的活性与IL-1ra没有显著性差异;初步药代动力学分析显示IL-1ra-FeE半衰期比IL-1ra延长了4.78倍.     

金黄色葡萄球菌蛋白A (SpA) Z结构域串联体的克隆、表达和筛选

筛选一种高效重组金黄色葡萄球菌蛋白A(SpA)用于制备抗体纯化亲和介质。首先通过基因操作获得金黄色葡萄球菌蛋白A(SpA)的Z结构域单体、二串体、三串体、四串体和五串体基因,将目的基因分别克隆至pET-22b表达载体并转化至大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)感受态细胞,获得不同串联个数的Z结构域基因工程菌,经诱导表达和Ni2+亲和层析纯化得到Z结构域单体和二-五串体蛋白。纯化后的目的蛋白偶联至琼脂糖凝胶作为亲和层析介质,对人免疫球蛋白G(IgG)进行分离纯化。分析比较Z结构域串联体蛋白产量及其偶联的亲和介质对抗体吸附载量的差异。结果表明,构建的Z结构域单体、二串体、三串体、四串体和五串体基因工程菌能有效表达目的蛋白,制备的凝胶亲和介质可特异性吸附人IgG。增加Z结构域串联数,重组蛋白产量和单位摩尔数多聚体蛋白吸附载量获得提高,其中,重组四串体蛋白产量大(160 mg/10 g湿菌体),对抗体的吸附载量高(34.4 mg人IgG/mL胶),更适合作为配基用于亲和层析介质的制备。     

超抗原SEA与抗黑色素瘤ScFv融合基因的构建及表达

采用酶切连接和重叠PCR连接两种方法将抗黑色素瘤单链抗体基因和去除N端信号肽的金黄色葡萄球菌肠毒素A基因进行融合,并将融合基因克隆于pET28a表达载体上,转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)。用NiNTA系统对表达产物进行分离、纯化。MTT法检测融合蛋白对黑色素瘤细胞的体外抑制率。结果表明6HisScFvSEA融合蛋白可在E.coli BL21(DE3)中稳定表达,表达量占菌体蛋白的30%,主要以包涵体的形式存在。融合蛋白可通过激活效应细胞对表达相关抗原的黑色素瘤细胞发挥抑制作用。     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

Interconnection of parameters of regulation system of lipid peroxidation and of morphophysiological parameters of mouse liver

A complex analysis of seasonal fluctuations of the mean group parameters of the system of regulation of lipid peroxidation has been performed in liver of Balb/c mice. Association of lipid characteristics and morphophysiological parameters is studied in the Balb/c mouse liver. An inter-connection is revealed between the liver index and the amount of lysoforms of phospholipids, the scale and character of the interconnection differing essentially depending on proportion of phos-phatidylcholine in mouse liver phospholipids.     

The effects of glutamine of the maintenance of embryogenic cultures of Cryptomeria japonica

Summary Embryogenic tissues of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) were induced on a modified Campbell and Durzan (CD) medium containing 1 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 600 mg l⁻¹ glutamine, and subcultured in the medium of the same composition for over 1 yr. This resulted in a mixed culture of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells. When embryogenic cells were isolated and cultured independently, their capacity to form embryogenic aggregates was lost. Thus, the non-embryogenic cells present within a mixed culture system were essential to the formation of embryogenic aggregates. When embryogenic tissues were isolated and cultured independently on a high glutamine-containing (2400 mg l⁻¹) medium, dry weights and endogenous levels of glutamine increased, and the tissue could generate a large number of embryogenic aggregates. Amino acid analysis of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells from the maintenance culture indicated a higher level of glutamine was present in the latter. The high endogenous level of glutamine in the non-embryogenic portion of mixed cell masses may be the supplier of glutamine for maintaining the embryogenic property of the tissues.     

Specificity of action of piperidylcholine derivatives as substrates of cholinesterases of various origin

The review deals with study of enzymologic properties of a novel highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate, N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium iodomethylate (“piperidylcholine”), and its 30 derivatives that were tested as effectors of cholinesterases of mammals and various species of Pacific squids. It was proven for the first time that responsible for specificity of action was structure of cyclic ammonium grouping of the alcohol part of molecule of the ester substrate. Analysis of specificity is performed based on enzymatic hydrolysis parameters—activity of catalytic center of cholinesterases and bimolecular constant of the reaction rate that are determined at optimal and low substrate concentrations. Among the specially synthesized group of thioester compounds there is revealed one more highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate—N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium.