山苍子油的精制、分析及成份研究

本文报告一种山苍子油的精制、分析方法和成分研究.作者采用间歇精馏法从山苍子油中单离柠檬醛,可使柠檬醛含量达到90％以上;并使用毛细管气相色谱法定量测定了山苍子油中柠檬醛含量;还通过GC/ITD/COM系统从山苍子油中成功地分离出50种左右的成分,其中30多种化合物己被鉴定.     

不同居群山苍子果实精油和柠檬醛含量及其与地理-气候因子的相关性

采用水蒸气蒸馏法和气相色谱技术对取自浙江富阳、贵州毕节和织金、湖南永州、福建永安和建瓯、云南景东、四川长宁、江西安远和分宜10个居群的山苍子[ Litsea cubeba (Lour.) Pers.]果实精油含量和柠檬醛含量进行测定,并分析了果实精油含量和柠檬醛含量与地理-气候因子的相关性;在此基础上对供试居群进行了聚类分析.测定结果表明:各居群的果实精油含量和柠檬醛含量差异显著,精油含量均值为3.60％,变异系数(CV)为1.54％～10.46％;柠檬醛含量均值为3.52％,CV为24.78％ ～40.54％;云南景东居群精油含量最高(4.56％)、江西分宜居群最低(3.14％);福建永安居群柠檬醛含量最高(7.01％)、贵州毕节居群最低(1.85％),且柠檬醛含量的表型分化系数为57.87％,说明居群间柠檬醛含量的变异幅度大于精油含量,且居群间柠檬醛含量的变异程度大于居群内.相关性分析结果显示:山苍子果实精油含量与经度和7月均温呈极显著负相关,与年降雨量呈显著负相关,与海拔呈极显著正相关;柠檬醛含量与经度和年降雨量分别呈显著和极显著正相关,说明精油含量随经度增大而降低,且受环境水分和温度变化的影响较大;而柠檬醛含量随经度增大而提高,并明显受生境中水分条件的调节.聚类分析结果表明:在欧氏距离15处,供试的10个山苍子居群主要分成3类,根据地理位置大体可划分为西南部和东南部2个种质类型,其中福建永安居群较为特殊.研究结果表明:不同居群山苍子果实精油含量和柠檬醛含量差异与遗传特性、地理分布和生境气候条件均有一定的相关性.     

山苍子资源开发利用的研究

山苍子是中国特色芳香油植物资源之一。山苍子的叶、花及果皮均含有芳香油。油中含柠檬醛、高级醇、有机酸,其中主要成分柠檬醛是制造紫罗兰酮系列香料的重要原料,可供合成维生素A、维生素E、维生素AD剂,广泛用于食品医药、农药、化妆品以及其它日用品种;另外,利用山苍子制备高档香料鸢尾酮是我国深度开发山苍子资源的又一个目标。     

三种山苍子精油化学成分及抑菌效果差异分析

为探究山苍子不同种之间化学成分及抑菌效果的差异,本研究通过生长速率法和抑菌圈法测定三种山苍子精油对尖孢镰刀菌、大肠杆菌和李斯特菌的抑菌活性,同时对三种山苍子精油进行GC-MS挥发性成分鉴定,进一步对精油主要化学成分与抑菌率进行相关性分析。结果表明,山鸡椒果实精油含量最高且对尖孢镰刀菌、大肠杆菌和李斯特菌的抑菌效果优于毛叶木姜子和毛山鸡椒;三种山苍子精油抑菌效率均与柠檬醛、芳樟醇的含量分别呈现显著正相关,提示主要成分柠檬醛含量适合作为山苍子优良精油筛选的可靠指标。研究结果为山苍子精油抗菌物质的开发利用提供了理论依据。     

冻干乙型脑炎减毒活疫苗的冻干工艺优化研究

为了研究优化冻干乙型脑炎减毒活疫苗的冻干工艺,运用正交试验法L934考察不同冻干参数对该疫苗成品质量的影响,以外观、残余水分、病毒滴度以及热稳定性为直观分析指标,并对病毒滴度进行方差分析。结果显示,主干燥时间和主干燥真空压力对病毒滴度的影响有显著统计学意义(P<0.05)。优化的冻干参数为预冻温度-35℃、时间2h;主干燥温度从-35℃升温至-10℃,再由-10℃升温至33℃,总耗时16h,真空压力0.220mbar;二次干燥的温度维持于30℃,真空压力为0.001mbar,终点测试压力无变化时结束。对冻干乙型脑炎减毒活疫苗冻干参数筛选优化后,可得到较佳的冻干曲线,经验证该曲线适用于生产。     

山苍子核油的新用途

山苍子(Litsea Cubeba(Lour.)Pers.)的果实主要用来提取芳香油。鲜果含芳香油2.5～5.5％;油呈淡黄色,具柠檬醛油香气,醛铜含量75～85％,主要成份为柠檬醛(60～80％)及甲基庚烯酮。过去对提过芳香油后的核,一般是不用的。近几年来开展综合利用,山苍子的核仁油的用途越来越多,现就新近研究的二项新用途简报如下:     

纤维乙醇制乙烯的研究

采用改性HZSM-5催化剂对纤维乙醇脱水制乙烯进行研究,主要考察反应温度、底物加载量以及催化剂负荷性能等对乙烯产率的影响。结果发现：反应温度235℃、纤维乙醇质量分数为40%～95%乙醇质量空速不超过1.7 h-1时乙烯收率达98%以上。     

辨别山苍子油掺假方法的研究

通过采用挥发油提取器和气质联用仪两种方法,可以辨别山苍子油是否掺假。采用挥发油提取器方法可以判定山苍子油中是否掺入不挥发性成分;采用气质联用仪,以及用对照品对照的方法,可以直接测定山苍子油中柠檬醛的含量,从而判定山苍子油中是否掺入其他成分。     

昆虫拒食剂蓼二醛的合成及其对害虫的拒食活性

以 β-环柠檬醛为原料 ,经 6步合成了蓼二醛 ( ( -) -polygodial)的消旋体 ,总收率为 1 9 8% ;并合成了其甲胺衍生物。经生物活性测定 ,辣蓼的粗提物和合成的蓼二醛及其甲胺的衍生物对蚜虫和菜青虫有很好的拒食活性     

植物精油对大菱鲆弧菌的体外和体内抗菌活性

【目的】研究天然植物精油对大菱鲆弧菌的体外和体内抗菌活性。【方法】采用纸片扩散法和微量肉汤稀释法对14种植物精油或其组分的体外抑菌活性进行检测;通过细菌形态透射电镜观察、胞内乳酸脱氢酶及核酸释放研究山苍子精油对大菱鲆弧菌的膜损伤作用;采用大菱鲆人工攻毒感染实验研究山苍子精油的体内抗菌作用。【结果】14种植物精油或其组分对大菱鲆弧菌具有不同程度的抑制效果,其中肉桂醛的抗菌活性最强,最低抑菌浓度为0.25μL/m L;百里香酚、丁香酚、柠檬醛和山苍子的抗菌活性次之,最低抑菌浓度为0.5μL/m L;山苍子精油可破坏大菱鲆弧菌的细胞膜,并导致胞内蛋白酶和核酸外泄;经200μL/L山苍子精油浸浴后,大菱鲆攻毒后死亡率由对照组50%降至0。【结论】富含芳香醛、芳香酚和柠檬醛的植物精油对大菱鲆弧菌具有良好抗菌活性,有望替代抗生素用于大菱鲆弧菌病的防治。     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒研究进展

传染性法氏囊病(Infection bursal disease, IBD)是由鸡传染性法氏囊病毒(Infectious bursal disease virus, IBDV)引起的鸡和火鸡的一种高度接触性传染病,给世界各国的禽养殖业带来了巨大损失.自IBDV发现至今新的变异株不断出现,分子结构的改变导致病毒致病力的改变及宿主对疫苗应答的改变,使得传统的疫苗已不能控制其流行,因此各国学者对其基因组结构和功能进行了广泛深入的研究,并积极研制新型有效的疫苗以达到防治的目的.     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).