嵌段共聚物聚乙二醇-聚苹果酸苄基酯载药胶束的制备及性质研究

目的：为构建聚合物胶束药物运载体系,制备嵌段共聚物聚乙二醇-聚苹果酸苄基酯载药胶束并测定其性质。方法：以L-天冬氨酸为原料,重氮化、环化后经开环聚合得到聚苹果酸苄基酯。氨基聚乙二醇通过酰胺键连接到β-聚苹果酸苄基酯上形成两亲性嵌段共聚物,喜树碱做药物模型制备载药胶束。动态光散射法测定胶束粒径、评价胶束稳定性,高效液相法测定喜树碱载药率和包封率,芘荧光法与动态光散射法测定临界胶束浓度。结果：喜树碱包封率72%,载药率6%,临界胶束浓度为40μg.mL-1。随着聚苹果酸苄基酯分子量减小,胶束稳定性增强。结论：聚乙二醇-聚苹果酸苄基酯在疏水链/亲水链分子量比值为2-4时在水中可自组装形成纳米胶束,可作为性能优良的聚合物药物载体。     

原位可注射壳聚糖基温敏水凝胶的制备及其在预防ESD术后食管狭窄中分阶段释药应用研究

摘要 目的：构建一种可以分阶段释放药物的原位可注射水凝胶，通过直接注射在ESD（Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection，内镜黏膜下剥离术）术后伤口处，形成水凝胶敷料，起到保护伤口的作用。同时凝胶中的两种药物通过分阶段释放的方式，更好地促进伤口的无瘢痕愈合，为ESD术后食管狭窄的预防提供一种新的参考方案。方法：在壳聚糖/β-甘油磷酸钠（CS/β-GP）温敏水凝胶的体系中加入聚多巴胺（PDA），制备壳聚糖/β-甘油磷酸钠/聚多巴胺（CS/?β-GP/PDA）水凝胶。通过在载药水凝胶中加入聚乙二醇-聚乳酸-羟基乙酸（PEG-PLGA）纳米载药微粒制备CS/β-GP/PDA/NPs双载药水凝胶，通过两种载药体系的复合，实现药物的分阶段释放。通过流变学实验测定CS/β-GP、CS/β-GP/PDA、CS/β-GP/PDA/NPs凝胶体系的相转变温度以及凝胶强度。通过高效液相色谱法检测CS/β-GP/PDA/NPs水凝胶中两种药物的释放动力学特征。通过CCK-8细胞增殖实验评价CS/β-GP/PDA、CS/β-GP/PDA/NPs温敏水凝胶的生物相容性。在体外猪食管中，模拟ESD术后创口，通过内镜辅助将水凝胶母液注射在伤口处，并通过内镜观察水凝胶的凝胶状态。结果：得到了粘附性显著增强的壳聚糖/β-甘油磷酸钠/聚多巴胺（CS/β-GP/PDA）凝胶体系。流变学实验证明聚多巴胺（PDA）的加入可以显著降低水凝胶的凝胶温度，缩短原位成胶时间。CCK-8实验显示CS/β-GP/PDA、CS/β-GP/PDA/NPs凝胶体系无潜在的细胞毒性。在体外猪食管模拟实验中，将其凝胶母液注射在伤口处后，可原位形成凝胶，且凝胶贴合伤口，具有较强的粘附性。通过体外释药速率测定，验证了CS/β-GP/PDA/NPs水凝胶中所载两种药物释放速率存在明显差异，可实现药物的分阶段释放。结论：设计的CS/β-GP/PDA/NPs凝胶体系适用于ESD术后的伤口修复，并能够实现分阶段释药，对于预防ESD术后食管狭窄具有潜在的应用价值。     

表达Rta的杆状病毒载体和更昔洛韦联用治疗鼻咽癌的实验研究

目的 联合使用一种新的表达Epstein Barr病毒（EBV）裂解性复制极早期基因Rta的杆状病毒载体及抗病毒药物更昔洛韦,试验其对激活鼻咽癌细胞中潜伏性EBV的复制和杀伤肿瘤细胞的作用。方法 用携带EBV的复制起点OriP和CMV启动子表达Rta基因的重组杆状病毒处理EBV潜伏感染的鼻咽癌细胞Hone1-EBV,和由该细胞系建立的裸鼠肿瘤模型,同时联合使用更昔洛韦,研究细胞和肿瘤生长的情况。结果 重组杆状病毒和更昔洛韦联合处理肿瘤细胞后,细胞生长活性仅为对照的51%,裸鼠活体实验中肿瘤生长也受到明显的抑制,10 d后瘤体积仅为对照的20%,瘤重仅为对照的30%。组织化学分析证实大量肿瘤细胞坏死。结论 杆状病毒载体与更昔洛韦联合可以用于EBV相关的鼻咽癌的治疗。     

聚乙二醇-聚乳酸嵌段共聚物在药物递送系统中的应用

聚乙二醇-聚乳酸嵌段共聚物具备良好的生物相容性和生物可降解性,是良好的纳米级药物载体。嵌段共聚物具有载药能力强、粒径小、体内循环时间长、主动靶向性和被动靶向性等特点,因此在药物递送系统中得到广泛应用。简要介绍了聚乙二醇-聚乳酸嵌段共聚物的合成和性质,及其作为脂质体、胶束、微球等载体在药物递送系统中的最新进展。     

聚乙二醇- 聚乳酸嵌段共聚物纳米粒的研究进展

聚乙二醇-聚乳酸嵌段共聚物(PEG-PLA)及其端基衍生物纳米粒可以增强载药量、降低突释效应、提高药物在血液中的循环时间、提高生物利用度,并且其粒径更小,能以被动靶向的方式聚集于炎症或靶向部位。本文综述了PEG-PLA嵌段共聚物纳米粒的最新进展,包括PEG-PLA的合成、纳米粒的制备、释药特性及在药物制剂中的应用。     

共载依克立达和阿霉素的PBM-Hz-PEG纳米粒制备与性能研究

摘要 目的：研究不同比例依克立达（ELC）和阿霉素（DOX）的联合抗肿瘤效果,确定最佳联用比例。以生物可降解材料聚苹果酸苄基酯（PBM）为载体包封两种药物,得到一种酸敏感纳米胶束。方法：以L-天冬氨酸为原料通过内酯开环法制备PBM,并以酸敏感的腙键（Hz）连接PEG,得到嵌段聚合物PBM-Hz-PEG,红外光谱和核磁氢谱对其结构进行表征。动态透析法制备纳米胶束,测定纳米胶束的粒度、分散系数（PDI）、临界胶束浓度（CMC）及其载药量（DL）、包封率（EE）。动态透析法模拟胶束的体外释药性能,采用三阴性乳腺癌MDA-MB-231细胞系考察载药纳米胶束的体外细胞毒性。结果：①ELC能够增敏DOX,二者摩尔比为1:3时有最强肿瘤抑制作用。②经红外光谱和核磁共振氢谱表征,嵌段共聚物PBM-Hz-PEG成功合成。③空白纳米胶束的粒径为69.67±11.55 nm,PDI为0.245 ± 0.026,CMC值为3.9 μg?mL^-1;载药纳米胶束粒径略大,粒径在96.92 ~ 113.47 nm之间,ELC和DOX的载药量与投料比一致。④载药纳米胶束在pH 7.4和pH 6.0时的药物释放率曲线和体外细胞毒性试验证实载药胶束具有良好的酸敏特性。结论：ELC和DOX联用有较强的肿瘤抑制作用,PBM是二者的优良载体。该PBM-Hz-PEG纳米胶束载药率高,其特有的酸敏性能够有效降低药物对正常组织的毒副作用,具有肿瘤组织富集释放特性,有望成为一种新型智能释药平台。     

更昔洛韦眼用凝胶在单纯疱疹病毒性角膜炎中的应用

目的探讨更昔洛韦眼用凝胶在单纯疱疹病毒性角膜炎(HSK)中的应用。方法选取眼科就诊的HSK患者共70例,随机将其分为研究组(n=35例)与对照组(n=35例)。研究组患者予以0.15%更昔洛韦眼用凝胶,1滴/次,5次/d;对照组患者予以0.1%阿昔洛韦滴眼液,2滴/次,1次/2 h,两组疗程均为14 d。治疗14 d后记录两组患者临床效果和药物不良反应,比较治疗后随访1年其复发率。结果治疗14 d后,研究组患者的临床总有效率明显优于对照组(94.29%vs 77.14%)(χ2=4.20,P0.05)。研究组治疗中出现不良反应2例,对照组出现4例,症状均较轻微,两组不良反应发生率比较差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.18,P0.05)。对治疗有效者(研究组33例和对照组27例)随访1年,分别复发5例(15.15%)和11例(40.74%),研究组复发率较对照组低(χ2=4.97,P0.05)。结论更昔洛韦眼用凝胶治疗HSK的疗效明显优于阿昔洛韦滴眼液,安全性较佳,且其中远期疗效亦较好,能减少其复发率,具有预防病情复发作用。     

热毒宁注射液联合更昔洛韦注射液对呼吸道合胞病毒感染肺炎患儿血清炎症因子和T细胞亚群的影响

摘要 目的：观察热毒宁注射液联合更昔洛韦注射液对呼吸道合胞病毒（RSV）感染肺炎患儿血清炎症因子和T细胞亚群的影响。方法：60例RSV感染肺炎患儿均来自我院2017年1月-2020年12月期间收集的病例,依据随机数字表法分为对照组和研究组,各30例。对照组患儿接受更昔洛韦注射液治疗,研究组患儿接受热毒宁注射液联合更昔洛韦注射液治疗,均治疗7d。对比两组患儿疗效、血清炎症因子、T细胞亚群、症状缓解时间和不良反应。结果：研究组的总有效率为93.33%,高于对照组的66.67%（P<0.05）。治疗后,研究组降钙素原（PCT）、C反应蛋白（CRP）、白介素-6（IL-6）的表达水平低于对照组（P<0.05）。治疗后,研究组CD8⁺低于对照组,CD3⁺、CD4⁺、CD4⁺/CD8⁺高于对照组（P<0.05）。研究组的咳嗽、呼吸困难、喘鸣音症状缓解时间短于对照组（P<0.05）。两组不良反应发生率比较无差异（P>0.05）。结论：RSV感染肺炎患儿采用热毒宁注射液联合更昔洛韦注射液治疗,疗效确切,能有效降低血清炎症因子水平,改善机体免疫功能,改善患儿临床症状,安全性较好。     

PAN- b- PEG- b- PAN 两亲性嵌段共聚物的合成及热稳定性

以2-溴丙酰溴封端的聚乙二醇（PEG2000）为大分子引发刺,溴化亚铜（CuBr）为催化剂,2,2＇-联吡啶（bpy）为配体,碳酸乙烯酯（EC）为溶剂,采用原子转移自由基聚合（ATRY）法合成了两亲性嵌段共聚物PAN-b-PEG-b-PAN。通过FTIR、^1HNMR和GPC对产物的结构进行了表征,并运用TGA对PAN-b-PEG-b-PAN两亲性嵌段共聚物的热稳定性进行了研究。结果表明：PAN-b-PEG-b-PAN的热稳定性较纯PEG要高,且随着PAN-b-PEG-b-PAN两亲性嵌段共聚物的分子量的增加,此嵌段共聚物的热稳定性增强。它的起始的分解温度为275℃,在275℃-450℃失重较少,失重率约为15％,在400℃-450℃迅速分解,失重率为60％左右。     

以HIV-1 5＇LTR为靶点的药物筛选细胞模型的构建

构建以人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV-1）5＇LTR为靶点的药物筛选细胞模型,用于体外筛选潜在的对HIV-1启动子具有抑制作用的药物,或用于筛选与HIV-1复制相关的宿主因子。通过PCR扩增HIV-1 5＇LTR片段和胸苷激酶基因（thymidine kinase gene,TK基因）,以这2片段为模板进行重叠PCR将两者连接起来,连接产物经酶切后与pcDNA3.1载体连接;将连接正确的质粒转染HEK293细胞同时用G418加压筛选获得稳定细胞系;加入药物更昔洛韦（GCV）检测TK基因的表达。成功构建了HIV-1 5＇LTR调控TK基因表达的稳定细胞系,在其培养过程中加入药物更昔洛韦时,细胞逐渐死亡。构建了以HIV-1 5＇LTR为靶点的药物筛选细胞模型,该模型利用TK基因作为报告基因方便灵敏,可用于筛选针对HIV-1 5＇LTR的潜在抗HIV药物。     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Entwicklungsgeschichte und Ultrastruktur von Pollenkitt und Exine bei nahe verwandten entomophilen und anemophilen Angiospermensippen derAlismataceae,Liliaceae, Juncaceae,Cyperaceae, Poaceae undAraceae

Some closely related members of the monocotyledonous familiesAlismataceae, Liliaceae, Juncaceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae andAraceae with variable modes of pollination (insect- and wind-pollination) were studied in relation to the ultrastructure of pollenkitt and exine (amount, consistency and distribution of pollenkitt on the surface of pollen grains). The character syndromes of pollen cementing in entomophilous, anemophilous and intermediate (ambophilous or amphiphilous) monocotyledons are the same in principal as in dicotyledons. Comparing present with former results one can summarize: 1) The pollenkitt is always produced in the same manner by the anther tapetum in all angiosperm sub-classes. 2) The variable stickiness of entomophilous and anemophilous pollen always depends on the particular distribution and consistency of the pollenkitt, but not its amount on the pollen surface. 3) The mostly dry and powdery pollen of anemophilous plants always contains a variable amount of inactive pollenkitt in its exine cavities. 4) A step-by step change of the pollen cementing syndrome can be observed from entomophily towards anemophily. 5) From the omnipresence of pollenkitt in all wind-pollinated angiosperms studied one can conclude that the ancestors of anemophilous angiosperms probably have been zoophilous (i.e. entomophilous) throughout.

     

Identification and Characterization of the First Equine Parainfluenza Virus 5

正Dear Editor,Parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5), known as canine parainfluenza virus in the veterinary field, is a negative-sense,nonsegmented, single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the Paramyxoviridae family (Chen 2018). The virus was first reported in primary monkey kidney cells in 1954 (Hsiung1972), then it has been frequently discovered in various     

Pathogenic Characterization and Full Length Genome Sequence of a Reassortant Infectious Bursal Disease Virus Newly Isolated in Pakistan

<正>Dear Editor,Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is one of the most important diseases of the poultry. The IBD virus (IBDV), a nonenveloped virus belonging to the Birnaviridae family with a genome consisting of two segments of double-stranded RNA (segments A and B), targets B lymphocytes of bursa of Fabricious leading to immunosuppression. In Pakistan,poultry farming is the second biggest industry and IBD is the second biggest disease threating the poultry sector.However, there is limited genome information of IBDV