农杆菌介导LJAMP2基因导入‘红阳’猕猴桃及分子鉴定

为了获得抗溃疡病的‘红阳’猕猴桃转基因植株,以红阳猕猴桃试管苗叶盘为转基因受体材料,通过根癌农杆菌介导将CaMV35S启动子调控下的LJAMP2基因导入红阳猕猴桃。450个叶盘与携带表达载体质粒pBI121的根癌农杆菌菌珠LBA4404共培养2 d后,转入含25 mg/L Kan的筛选培养基培养40 d,15 d转接1次,之后30 d继代1次。结果表明,在MS+3.0 mg/L BA+1.0 mg/L NAA筛选培养基中,Kanr芽率达85%以上,在1/2 MS+0.8 mg/L IBA培养基中,Kanr芽生根率达100%。共获得Kanr再生植株40株,经GUS组织染色和PCR分析证明,其中23株为转基因植株。阳性率为57.50%,转化率达5.11%。抗溃疡病基因LJAMP2已成功导入红阳猕猴桃,为红阳猕猴桃的抗病基因工程育种奠定了基础。     

施用不同氮、磷、钾肥和有机肥对‘红阳’猕猴桃生长及产量的影响

为阐明施肥与猕猴桃产量、品质的关系,优化施肥配方,以猕猴桃品种‘红阳’(Actinidia chinensis‘Hongyang’)为试验材料,采用田间小区栽培方法研究了不同施肥处理对‘红阳’植株生长、叶片光合特性及果实产量的影响。研究结果显示,N、P、K任何一种元素的缺乏均会影响植株生长并降低果实产量;均衡施用N、P、K肥可以提高叶片光合作用,促进植株新梢和主干茎的生长,从而提高果实产量;如果N和K比例过大则会降低叶片气孔导度、胞间CO2浓度和净光合速率,从而减少果实产量;增施有机肥对提高果实产量效果不显著,但可以提高单果重,过量施用有机肥则会显著降低产量。本研究结果表明,均衡施用N、P、K并配施一定的有机肥(N 250 g/株、P2O5250 g/株、K2O 250 g/株、有机肥6 kg/株)能显著促进植株的生长并提高果实产量。氮、磷、钾肥与有机肥配合施用是提高猕猴桃果园养分管理的有效方法。     

东方蜜蜂和西方蜜蜂对红阳猕猴桃雌花挥发性气味响应的差异

【目的】植物的挥发性气味对传粉者的选择具有重要的影响,为探究红阳猕猴桃Actinidia chinensis ‘Hongyang’雌花的挥发性气味对东方蜜蜂Apis cerana和西方蜜蜂Apis mellifera行为反应的差异。【方法】利用顶空固相微萃取与气质联用技术（Headspace solid phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry,HS-SPME-GC-MS）鉴定红阳猕猴桃雌花挥发性物质成分及相对含量,并通过气相色谱-触角电位联用测量系统（GC-EAD）和Y型嗅觉仪测定东方蜜蜂和西方蜜蜂对红阳猕猴桃雌花气味的触角电位和行为反应。【结果】GC-MS结果表明,红阳猕猴桃雌花挥发性气味含有33种成分,包括醇类、酯类、酮类、烃类、萜烯类、醛类、胺类和盐类。GC-EAD结果表明,红阳猕猴桃雌花挥发性物质中7种化合物芳樟醇、壬醛、苯乙醇、2,6,6-三甲基-2-环己烯-1,4-二酮、苯甲酸乙酯、水杨酸甲酯和顺式-3-己烯醇2-甲基丁酸酯能够引起东方蜜蜂和西方蜜蜂的触角反应,而3种化合物乙酸叶醇酯、水杨酸乙酯和β-紫罗酮只引起东方蜜蜂的触角反应。嗅觉行为反应结果表明,红阳猕猴桃雌花的气味对东方蜜蜂具有引诱作用（P> 0.05）,引诱率为60%;对西方蜜蜂具有驱避作用（P <0.01）,驱避率是67.5%。【结论】东方蜜蜂和西方蜜蜂对红阳猕猴桃雌花挥发性气味的响应存在显著差异,东方蜜蜂对红阳猕猴桃雌花的气味无明显趋性,而西方蜜蜂对红阳猕猴桃雌花的气味具有明显驱避。因此,为红阳猕猴桃授粉时,东方蜜蜂相对于西方蜜蜂更理想。     

‘红阳’猕猴桃叶盘高频直接再生体系的建立

以‘红阳’猕猴桃雌株幼叶为外植体,直接诱导产生不定芽,并对不定芽增殖以及生根体系进行优化,建立了高频再生体系。结果表明,在MS+3.0 mg/L BA+1.0 mg/L NAA培养基中,不定芽诱导率达100％,平均出芽数达18.67个/叶盘;在MS+2.0 mg/L BA+1.0 mg/L NAA+0.1 mg/L GA3培养基中,增殖率达100％,1~6代不定芽平均繁殖系数达8.63;不定芽在1/2 MS+0.8 mg/L IBA培养基中培养15 d,然后继代至含1/2 MS液体培养基的珍珠岩中培养15 d,生根率达100％,且其根系发育良好;98株试管苗移栽到土壤盆钵中,成活95株,成活率达96.94％。本试验成功建立了红阳猕猴桃叶片高频直接再生体系,该体系诱导产生不定芽周期短,出芽率高,不定芽增殖系数大,生根率高且根系发达,为红阳猕猴桃试管苗的工厂化生产和遗传转化奠定了基础。     

猕猴桃60Co-γ射线辐射诱变育种适宜剂量的研究

以果肉红色的‘红阳’猕猴桃、果肉黄色‘桂海4号’猕猴桃和果肉绿色的‘长果’猕猴桃的枝条为试材,用4种剂量的60Co-γ射线辐射处理,以未照射枝条为对照,采用随机区组设计进行田间嫁接。对嫁接成活率、植株生长量的调查分析。结果显示:在25～150Gy辐射剂量范围内,随辐射剂量的加大,对嫁接成活率及生长的抑制作用逐渐增强。不同品种的猕猴桃对辐射的敏感性差异较大。3个品种猕猴桃辐射半致死剂量分别为50.6Gy(红阳)、64.4Gy(桂海4号)、71.7Gy(长果猕猴桃)。试验结果可以为猕猴桃辐射育种适宜剂量的确定提供依据。     

猕猴桃L-艾杜糖脱氢酶基因的克隆及转化

以猕猴桃果实为材料,利用电子克隆技术获得了L-艾杜糖脱氢酶(L-Idonate dehydrogenase,IDH)基因,然后将其转入番茄中,为了解猕猴桃IDH基因如何调控AsA的降解奠定基础。结果表明,获得的猕猴桃IDH基因cDNA全长为1 239bp,含有一个1 080bp的开放阅读框,编码359个氨基酸;成功构建了IDH基因植物表达载体pWR-IDH及工程农杆菌,以番茄叶片及茎段为受体,通过农杆菌介导法进行转化,获得了4株经PCR和RT-PCR检测呈阳性的转基因植株。     

中华猕猴桃和美味猕猴桃种间杂交的胚抢救

1植物名称中华猕猴桃变种(Actinidia chinensis var.rufopulpa)"红阳"猕猴桃×美味猕猴桃(Actinidia deliciosa)两性品种.     

EMS诱导红阳猕猴桃耐寒突变体的筛选及转录组分析

红阳猕猴桃(Actinidia chinensis var. chinensis ‘Hongyang'')具有较高的经济价值和营养价值,以及较好的市场开发前景。但近年红阳猕猴桃产区如云南、四川等多地多次遭遇倒春寒等极端天气,其抗寒性差的缺点限制了发展空间。该研究通过在组培的过程中使用甲基磺酸乙酯(EMS)诱导红阳猕猴桃突变体,进而筛选出耐寒突变体,并通过转录组分析探究其胁迫响应机制。该研究以红阳猕猴桃叶片为实验材料,在组培时(4.4 g·L^-1 MS+4.5 g·L^-1 琼脂+1.5 mg·L^-1 6-BA+0.1 mg·L^-1 NAA+15 g·L^-1 蔗糖+0.01～0.10 g·L^-1 EMS)利用EMS诱导技术诱导突变体,并在低温环境下筛选出耐寒突变体。选出的耐寒突变体和正常红阳猕猴桃组培苗先进行4 ℃ 12 h寒胁迫处理,再进行转录组测序分析。结果表明:(1)通过初步的表型鉴定,当EMS处理浓度为0.06 g·L^-1时诱导的部分突变体具有一定的耐寒性;(2)在转录组测序数据GO功能富集分析中,富集条目最多的是生物学过程;(3)利用KEGG数据库分析时,共筛选到21个差异表达基因在15条通路中得到注释且均为上调表达,其中内质网中的蛋白质加工通路(ath04141)中富集的差异表达基因最多,并且该通路内的sHSF、Hsp70和NEF可能与耐寒机制调控有关。综上研究结果为红阳猕猴桃耐寒种质资源的研究与利用提供了材料基础及理论依据。     

农杆菌介导转化小麦幼胚获得抗除草剂再生植株

采用农杆菌介导法转化小麦品种G54授粉10 d后的幼胚,经5‰和2‰ PPT筛选获得83株正常再生植株.PCR及Southern杂交检测证明其中8株再生苗为转bar基因植株,这些植株对除草剂Basta的抗性明显提高.实验结果还证明,高糖浓度的培养基对愈伤组织诱导、植株再生及生根都有显著的促进作用;在感染液和共培养基中添加乙酰丁香酮有利于转化株的筛选.     

TA29-barnase基因转化菜心

利用根癌农杆菌导入法, 以菜心带柄子叶为外植体, 对TA29-barnase基因转化菜心进行研究。获得转化植株,进行PCR、Southern blotting杂交和半定量RT-PCR检测, 表明目的基因已经整合到转化植株中, 并且目的基因在转基因植株花蕾中得到表达, 但是表达水平在不同转基因植株间存在差别; 转基因植株开花后, 均表现雄性不育, 不能产生花粉或产生没有活力的少量花粉, 自交不能结实; 用未转化植株正常花粉对雄性不育植株进行授粉, 能够正常结实; 保持系(未转化植株)与不育株杂交后代中雄性不育株与可育株的比例为1:1, 在杂交后代植株子叶期, 喷洒10 mg/L的PPT可以完全杀死可育株; 利用其他菜心品种为父本与不育株进行杂交, 获得的F1植株在生长势和产量方面表现优势, 表明开展菜心优势育种具有一定的潜力。     

Investigation of the mechanism of temperature sensitivity of the electroreceptors of ampullae of lorenzini

In experiments on Black Sea skates (Raja clavata), the potential of the receptor epithelium of the ampullae of Lorenzini and spike activity of single nerve fibers connected to them were investigated during electrical and temperature stimulation. Usually the potential within the canal was between 0 and –2 mV, and the input resistance of the ampulla 250–400 k. Heating of the region of the receptor epithelium was accompanied by a negative wave of potential, an increase in input resistance, and inhibition of spike activity. With worsening of the animal's condition the transepithelial potential became positive (up to +10 mV) but the input resistance of the ampulla during stimulation with a positive current was nonlinear in some cases: a regenerative spike of positive polarity appeared in the channel. During heating, the spike response was sometimes reversed in sign. It is suggested that fluctuations of the transepithelial potential and spike responses to temperature stimulation reflect changes in the potential difference on the basal membrane of the receptor cells, which is described by a relationship of the Nernst's or Goldman's equation type.I. P. Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. I. M. Sechenov, Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. Pacific Institute of Oceanology, Far Eastern Scientific Center, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Vladivostok. Translated from Neirofiziologiya, Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 67–74, January–February, 1980.     

Determination of stoichiometry of radioiodination of proteins

A sensitive method for the detection of small quantities of hydrophobic antioxidant free radical scavengers such as butylatedhydroxytoluene (BHT) and butylatedhydroxyanisole (BHA) in aqueous samples is described. The procedure involves extraction of the hydrophobic free radical scavenger into an organic solvent phase, followed by the subsequent reaction of an aliquot of this extract with the stable cation radical tris(p-bromophenyl)amminium hexachloroantimonate (TBACA). In experiments with BHT and BHA, the loss of TBACA absorbance at 730 nm was found to be linearly proportional to the amount of antioxidant added, with quantities of BHT as small as 200 pmol being easily detectable. In aqueous suspensions of dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine vesicles, assays of the aqueous BHT concentration showed that BHT partitioned strongly into the membrane phase, achieving very high BHT/phospholipid ratios. For a given concentration of BHT, partitioning into the membrane phase was greater in large, multilamellar liposomes than in either small, single-walled vesicles or in purified rat brain synaptic vesicle membranes. Direct assay of BHT and BHA in phospholipid membranes, however, was complicated by a nonspecific interaction between TBACA and the phospholipid.