大花蕙兰'红酒'× 莲瓣兰'边草素花' 杂交种组培快繁技术

该研究以大花蕙兰‘红酒''(Cymbidium hybridum ‘hongjiu'')×莲瓣兰‘边草素花''(C. tortisepalum ‘biancaosuhua'')F1代杂交种原球茎和根状茎为材料,比较了不同激素配比增殖分化、生根的培养基,建立了适用杂交兰组培快繁体系。结果表明:1/2MS+6-BA 1.0 mg·L^-1+NAA 1.0 mg·L^-1+AC 0.05%+香蕉80 g·L^-1对原球茎增殖效果最佳,增殖率达到307%; 1/2MS+6-BA 1.5 mg·L^-1+NAA 1.0 mg·L^-1 +AC 0.05%+香蕉80 g·L^-1有利于原球茎分化,分化率为82%; 1/2MS+TDZ 2.0 mg·L^-1+NAA 0.1 mg·L^-1+AC 0.05%+香蕉80 g·L^-1对根状茎增殖分化效果最佳,增殖率为293%,分化率为79%; 1/2MS+IBA 0.5 mg·L^-1+NAA 0.3 mg·L^-1+AC 0.05%+香蕉80 g·L^-1为最佳生根培养基,生根率达到84.7%,且根粗苗壮,叶色浓绿。此体系为杂交兰种苗的规模化生产提供了技术支持。     

华重楼离体胚培养及植株再生初探

为探明华重楼离体胚培养及植株再生的基本体系,该文以华重楼离体幼胚为试验材料,以MS培养基为基本培养基,研究不同光照、不同浓度梯度组合的植物生长调节剂对华重楼离体幼胚萌发、成苗的影响。结果表明:培养到60 d时,暗培养条件下华重楼离体幼胚的生长率和萌发率分别比光培养条件下高45.25%、19.17%,故暗培养比光培养更有利于华重楼离体幼胚生长发育。当GA₃浓度相同时,离体幼胚萌发所需时间随IAA浓度增加而延长。不同浓度的GA₃都可促进离体幼胚萌发,促进作用由强到弱依次为5 mg·L^-1 GA₃>1 mg·L^-1 GA₃> 10 mg·L^-1 GA₃。在黑暗条件下,优选得到最适华重楼离体幼胚生长发育配方为1/2 MS+30 g·L^-1 蔗糖+7 g·L^-1琼脂+0.5 g·L^-1 活性炭+5 mg·L^-1GA₃+1 mg·L^-1 IAA。此配方可诱导华重楼离体幼胚在2个月左右萌发,萌发率达50%需80 d左右。在华重楼成熟胚出苗培养时发现,高浓度的植物生长调节剂会抑制华重楼成熟胚生长发育,高浓度GA₃甚至会导致华重楼成熟胚死亡。优选得到最适华重楼成熟胚出苗配方为MS+30 g·L^-1 蔗糖+6.2 mg·L^-1 硼酸+7 g·L^-1 琼脂+0.7 g·L^-1 活性炭+0.5 mg·L^-1 2,4-D+1.5 mg·L^-1 IAA + 1.5 mg·L^-1 ZT+5mg·L^-1 GA₃,诱导成熟胚出苗需43 d左右,75 d左右可形成真叶。     

裸果木再生体系建立与不定芽发生研究

为探究裸果木再生体系建立的影响因素,确定其不定芽发生的起源,该研究以裸果木健壮植株的茎段为外植体,采用6 BA和IBA不同浓度组合,筛选愈伤增殖及不定芽再生的最佳浓度组合,确定生根诱导的关键影响因素,建立再生体系,并对其不定芽分化进程进行解剖结构分析,以确认其起源。结果表明：(1)裸果木茎段的最佳愈伤增殖培养基为MS+1 mg·L^-1 IBA+1 mg·L^-1 6 BA+30 g·L^-1蔗糖+7 g·L^-1琼脂,主体间效应分析表明IBA为关键影响因素;愈伤大小随IBA浓度增加呈现先升高后下降的趋势。(2)最佳不定芽诱导培养基为MS+0.5 mg·L^-1 6 BA+30 g·L^-1蔗糖+7 g·L^-1琼脂,诱导不定芽数量为4.9个/块,生芽率达92.3%。(3)生根诱导中,SH基本培养基和蔗糖浓度为关键因素,最佳生根培养基为SH+0~10 g·L^-1蔗糖+7 g·L^-1琼脂,生根率达91.3%。(4)解剖结构观察发现,不定芽起源于愈伤表层的分生细胞,为外起源。该研究通过器官发生途径建立了裸果木的再生体系,确定了不定芽为外起源,为裸果木这一珍稀濒危的林木种质资源保护及可持续利用奠定了研究基础,并为其未来的发展利用提供了有效途径。     

基于响应面设计茎段形成层培养猕猴桃幼苗的优化研究

为降低猕猴桃组培快繁中的污染率,提高其繁殖效率,该文以猕猴桃的幼嫩茎段为外植体,采用两步培养法进行茎段形成层的愈伤及成苗诱导研究,并利用响应面设计软件对NAA浓度、6-BA浓度、低渗处理时间进行了各条件的优化,同时通过组织切片确定愈伤的来源及幼苗的形成方式。结果表明:(1)培养过程中撕除茎段周皮能显著降低污染率,用200～400 mg·L^-1的PVP处理猕猴桃茎段可有效防止去皮茎段的褐化。(2)愈伤诱导的最佳条件为预培养28.3 h、NAA 4.45 mg·L^-1、6-BA 0.28 mg·L^-1,而幼苗形成的最佳条件为预培养26.4 h、NAA 4.84 mg·L^-1、6-BA 0.42 mg·L^-1。这表明形成层愈伤诱导需较长低渗处理时间和较高生长素,而成苗诱导则需较高生长素、激动素及较短的低渗处理时间。(3)组织切片观察结果表明猕猴桃愈伤组织源于形成层干细胞的分裂,且幼苗株源于胚状体的发育。综上结果表明,通过除去猕猴桃嫩茎周皮,外加抗氧化、低渗处理,可有效降低猕猴桃组培快繁中的污染率,提高繁殖系数和胚状体发生率,为猕猴桃种苗的规模化生产提供技术支撑。     

龙脑樟(Cinnamomum camphora)组培快繁与苗木工厂化生产技术研究

选取龙脑含量高的优良单株,以其树干基部的幼嫩萌条为外植体开展龙脑樟组培快繁技术研究。结果表明：以改良MS+BA 2.0 mg·L^-1+NAA 0.1 mg·L^-1为芽诱导培养基,诱导率为93%;最佳增殖培养基为改良MS+BA 2.0 mg·L^-1 +NAA 0.05 mg·L^-1,增殖系数为5.57,生长周期为30 d;适宜的增殖培养条件为温度25℃,光照强度3 000 lx,光照时间11 h,不定芽长势良好;最佳生根培养基为1/2改良MS+IBA 0.5 mg·L^-1+IAA 0.4 mg·L^-1+蔗糖20 g·L^-1,生根率可达97.3%,生根条数为3～5条,生根时间为12 d;以草炭+珍珠岩(3∶1)为移栽基质,成活率可达86.2%。通过试验总结出一套组培快繁技术体系,可应用于龙脑樟组培苗工厂化生产。     

镍离子对尖叶莴苣氮素吸收和生长生理的影响

以‘全年油麦菜’尖叶莴苣为试验材料,采用水培方式,研究3个浓度(0 mg·L^-1、0.1 mg·L^-1、1 mg·L^-1)Ni²⁺在22.4 mg·L^-1 N处理下对尖叶莴苣氮素吸收的生长及生理影响。结果显示：(1)尖叶莴苣根系和地上部生物量随处理时间的增加呈上升趋势。与对照T₁(0 mg·L^-1 Ni²⁺、112 mg·L^-1 N)相比,T₂处理(0 mg·L^-1 Ni²⁺、22.4 mg·L^-1 N)对尖叶莴苣根系及叶片生长具有一定抑制作用,植株鲜重、干重、根冠比、根系长度、平均直径、表面积、体积、根尖数、分根数、叶片表面积和体积在T3处理(0.1 mg·L^-1 Ni²⁺、22.4 mg·L^-1 N)下显著高于对照,T₄处理(1 mg·L^-1 Ni²⁺、22.4 mg·L^-1 N)对尖叶莴苣根系及其叶片生长具有一定促进作用,但对其根尖数和分根数表现出一定抑制性。(2)随着Ni²⁺浓度的增加,尖叶莴苣叶片叶绿素a、叶绿素b和总叶绿素含量呈先升后降的变化规律,且均在T₃处理下显著提高。(3)随着处理时间的增加,尖叶莴苣叶片的净光合速率(P_n)、气孔导度(G_s)和蒸腾速率(T_r)逐渐上升,胞间CO₂浓度(C_i)逐渐下降,且T₃处理叶片的G_s显著高于对照,其C_i最低,P_n最大。(4)施加Ni²⁺对尖叶莴苣有机酸、可溶性蛋白和可溶性糖含量以及SOD和POD活性有显著影响,在T₃处理下有机酸含量降低,可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量显著增加,SOD和POD活性显著提高。(5)T₃处理尖叶莴苣根系中N及叶片中B和Ca含量较高;根系中Ni含量高于叶片,T₃处理叶片中的Ni含量较低,Mg含量较高;植株体内Cu含量随Ni²⁺浓度增加而下降。研究表明,外源Ni²⁺处理能影响低氮条件下(22.4 mg·L^-1 N)尖叶莴苣幼苗生长及生理状况,适宜浓度(0.1 mg·L^-1)Ni²⁺可有效提高尖叶莴苣根系对氮素的吸收利用效率,减少氮素施用量,促进尖叶莴苣根系和地上部叶片生长,增加光合色素含量,并提高净光合速率,进而改善植株的产量和营养品质。     

濒危植物珙桐的组织培养与植株再生

以珙桐冬芽为材料进行组织培养和植株再生研究,结果表明：珙桐冬芽直接诱导丛生芽的最适培养基为WPM+NAA 0.2 mg·L^-1+6-BA 3.0 mg·L^-1+AC 2.0 g·L^-1;珙桐带芽茎段增殖的适宜培养基为WPM+NAA 0.05 mg·L^-1+6-BA 1.0 mg·L^-1+GA₃ 2.0 mg·L^-1+AC 2.0 g·L^-1;生根最佳培养基为White+IBA3.0 mg·L^-1+6-BA 1.0 mg·L^-1+AC 2.0 g·L^-1,在此条件下,根发育良好,植株健壮;组培苗炼苗后移栽,成活率可达80%。     

铁棍山药组织培养快繁及试管珠芽离体再生体系研究

以河南温县铁棍山药带腋芽的茎段为外植体进行铁棍山药种苗快繁及珠芽离体再生体系的研究。结果表明:（1）75%乙醇浸泡30 s和5% NaClO消毒15 min配合使用灭菌效果最好;腋芽诱导最适培养基为MS+0.5 mg·L^-1 6-BA+0.1 mg·L^-1 NAA,培养20 d后诱导的多芽体倍数最高,为2.22,高度最高为3.3 cm;继代增殖最适培养基为MS+1.5 mg·L^-1 6-BA,增殖倍数可达4.1;生根培养最适培养基为1/2MS+0.2 mg·L^-1 6-BA+1.0 mg·L^-1 NAA+0.02%活性炭,平均生根天数为12 d,生根率达100%,根系最长为1.04 cm。（2）用单芽带外植体的接种方式,其珠芽诱导率及诱导的珠芽数显著高于只接单芽的接种方式,珠芽诱导率达88.9%,平均珠芽数为1.50,大小为0.38 cm×0.54 cm;蔗糖浓度为1%～3%有利于珠芽诱导,珠芽整齐度好,形状规则,试管苗叶色浓绿;离体珠芽芽诱导的最适培养基为MS+1.5 mg·L^-1 6-BA+0.2 mg·L^-1 NAA,珠芽在18～22 d发芽,30 d后诱导率最高为83.3%。该实验结果为铁棍山药试管苗的工厂化生产奠定了技术基础。     

培养基成分和培养时间对匍匐翦股颖植株再生的影响

以匍匐翦股颖成熟种子为外植体,研究了培养基2,4-D浓度、2,4-D和6-BA组合配比、蔗糖浓度对匍匐翦股颖愈伤组织诱导的影响以及愈伤组织再生过程中继代时间、6-BA浓度、蔗糖浓度对愈伤组织分化的影响。结果表明:在MS培养基上,2 mg·L^-1 2,4-D和0.1 mg·L^-1 6-BA的组合最利于愈伤组织的诱导,诱导率高达94%。蔗糖浓度为30 g·L^-1时愈伤组织诱导率最高,为82%; 在再生过程中,当6-BA浓度为1 mg·L^-1时分化率最高(62%),蔗糖浓度为40 g·L^-1时,愈伤组织分化率最高(52%)。经过2次继代培养的愈伤组织(外植体放到培养基后40天)的分化率为最高(71%),随着继代次数增多,分化率逐渐降低,在经过5次继代后(培养100 d)分化率仅有18%。     

野葛叶片和茎段高频再生体系的建立

探讨几种因子对野葛叶片和茎段高频再生体系建立的影响。采用植物组织培养、正交实验和单因子实验的方法。野葛叶片和茎段的最佳消毒方式为70%酒精处理30 s后再用0.1%HgCl₂处理15 min;野葛叶片愈伤组织诱导的最佳培养基为MS+NAA 1.0 mg·L^-1+2,4-D 2 mg·L^-1,野葛茎段愈伤组织诱导的最佳培养基为MS+NAA 0.5 mg·L^-1+6-BA 1.0 mg·L^-1+2,4-D 2 mg·L^-1;暗培养更有利于野葛愈伤组织的诱导;野葛叶片和茎段愈伤组织诱导的最佳蔗糖浓度均为30 g·L^-1;野葛叶片愈伤组织的最佳出芽培养基为MS+NAA 1.0 mg·L^-1+6-BA 3.0 mg·L^-1,而野葛茎段愈伤组织的最佳出芽培养基为MS+ NAA 0.5 mg·L^-1+KT 2 mg·L^-1;光照培养更有利于野葛叶片和茎段愈伤组织芽的再分化;野葛叶片愈伤组织再生芽生根的最佳培养基为MS+NAA 0.5 mg·L^-1+PP₃₃₃ 0.5 mg·L^-1,而野葛茎段愈伤组织再生芽生根的最佳培养基为MS+NAA 0.5 mg·L^-1+PP₃₃₃ 3.0 mg·L^-1;野葛叶片和茎段愈伤组织再生芽生根的最佳蔗糖浓度均为30 g·L^-1;叶片再生苗移栽的最佳PP₃₃₃浓度为1.0 mg·L^-1,茎段再生苗移栽的最佳PP₃₃₃浓度为3.0 mg·L^-1;叶片和茎段再生苗的最佳移栽基质均为蛭石:珍珠岩（2:1）。     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒研究进展

传染性法氏囊病(Infection bursal disease, IBD)是由鸡传染性法氏囊病毒(Infectious bursal disease virus, IBDV)引起的鸡和火鸡的一种高度接触性传染病,给世界各国的禽养殖业带来了巨大损失.自IBDV发现至今新的变异株不断出现,分子结构的改变导致病毒致病力的改变及宿主对疫苗应答的改变,使得传统的疫苗已不能控制其流行,因此各国学者对其基因组结构和功能进行了广泛深入的研究,并积极研制新型有效的疫苗以达到防治的目的.     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.