酶放大镧系元素发光法测定碱性碱酸酶

报告了应用酶放大镧系元素发光法测定碱性酸酶的方法。应用５－氟水扬酸磷酯作为酶底物,并对方法学中的多种因素进行了最佳化。用甲基硅油（Ｉ）改进了信／噪比的稳定性。方法的灵敏为４Ｕ／Ｌ。精密度为１０％,精密度为１０％的浓度范围是２．００￣３．００×１０＾２Ｕ／Ｌ。测量值的相对误差〈１０％,测定了血清中的碱性磷酸酶浓度,回收率为９３％￣９５％。     

壳聚糖固定化半纤维素酶的研究

从青霉菌m8提取出半纤维素酶,将其固定在用戊二醛交联的壳聚糖载体上.0.5 g壳聚糖与4%的戊二醛结合固定2.5 mg蛋白质,酶活回收率为45.6%. 原酶的最适pH为4.6,固定化酶为pH 3.6.原酶的最适温度为55℃,固定化酶在60～75℃都具有较高活性.固定化酶的耐热性优于原酶. 以半纤维素为底物,固定化酶的表观K_m值略低于原酶,前者为5.0×10^－2 g/L,后者为3.58×10^－2 g/L.     

人肌型特异烯醇化酶放免分析法及初步应用

建立了人肌型特异烯醇化酶(hMSE)的放免分析法,抗血清的亲和常数为5.1×10⁹L/mol,采用改良的BHR法制备了 ¹²⁵I-hMSE,后者非特异结合率为3%,与抗血清(1∶10³)结合率达50.16%;批内和批间CV分别为8.6%和13%.回收率为95%-105%.标准曲线范围为5-320μg/L.最小检出率为5μg/L.最佳反应条件:0.1mol/LpH7.4PBS(含5mmol/L MgSO₄,0.1%吐温-20,0.1%NaN₃);反应温度和时间:37℃反应0.5h和4℃,0.5h,作为快速测定;或选用4℃反应24h.65例健康人血清hMSE浓度为23.9±10.9μg/L(x±s).hMSE超过57μg/L(x+3s).为阳性值.测定了AMI和肌病患者,血清hMSE明显升高.     

人脑神经元特异性烯醇化酶的纯化方法

采用改良的Grace层析方法,经一次DEAE-Sephadex A50柱层析即从人脑中纯化了神经元特异性烯醇化酶,比活力为92.1U/mg,纯化倍数为59.4.该酶纯化后,经SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳鉴定为单一蛋白质谱带.此外,还测定了其部分理化性质,其亚单位分子量为45000,等电点pI为4.7,氨基酸组成分析表明其为一种酸性蛋白质;对2-磷酸甘油酸的K_m值为5.6×10^-4mol/L.     

刺孢小克银汉霉菌体氨基酰化酶的性质研究*

首次选育出有较高氨基酰化酶活性的菌株刺孢小克银汉霉(Cunningham ella echinula-ta)9980,并进行液体培养,比较了3种不同培养基中菌体细胞氨基酰化酶活性,考察了几种因素对菌体细胞酶活的影响。结果表明:蛋白胨培养基中菌体细胞酶活最高,达680u/g。菌体细胞酶活最适温度55℃,最适pH7.0,最佳底物浓度为0.2mol/L,缓冲液中的无机离子对酶活有抑制作用,10^-3~10^-4mol/L的Co²⁺对酶活     

再生丝素固定的酶标免疫传感器的研究

所研究的酶标免疫传感器是采用再生丝素将待测抗原 (兔IgG)固定在石墨电极表面 ,选用抗体 (山羊抗兔IgG HRP)与其识别结合。利用H₂O₂ 将抗原抗体结合的电位响应信号放大采用直接电位法检测IgG的浓度。该传感器测定IgG的最低浓度可达 1.2×10^-10 mol/L ,标准曲线的线形范围在4.1×10^-7～1.2×10^-10 mol/L ,回归方程为: E=-1049+721g[IgG],响应时间为 15s。通过电泳的方法加速抗原抗体的识别结合 ,反应时间由原来的 90min缩短到 3 0min。这种以固定化抗原结合酶标抗体量的多少作为检测抗原标准的新型酶标免疫传感器 ,在临床检测、环境监测、HLA个人身份鉴定等领域都有着广阔的应用前景。     

褐藻胶裂解酶在枯草芽胞杆菌中的重组表达及催化特性研究

为拓展褐藻胶裂解酶在高效、安全的枯草芽胞杆菌体系中的表达,成功构建一株海洋来源的贝特氏菌（Cobetia sp.）WG-007褐藻胶裂解酶枯草芽胞杆菌工程菌Bacillus subtilis WB600/pMA5-aly-cob,对主要发酵条件进行优化,并对重组酶Aly-Cob的酶学性质进行表征。结果表明,优化后的工程菌培养温度和初始pH分别为30 ℃和7.0,发酵培养基为添加15 g/L甘油和30 g/L酵母浸膏的TB培养基。在此条件下,摇瓶发酵48 h褐藻胶裂解酶Aly-Cob酶活为58.62 U/mL,是优化前的2.7倍。重组酶Aly-Cob最适反应温度和pH分别为40 ℃和7.0,Mg²⁺、Ca²⁺、Na⁺和K⁺对酶活有促进作用,该酶可特异性地降解褐藻胶及其片段。研究拓展了褐藻胶裂解酶基因在枯草芽胞杆菌中的表达,为褐藻胶裂解酶的应用提供补充和参考。     

用于腈纶表面改性的Corynebacterium nitrilophilus 腈水合酶的摇瓶发酵优化

通过毛细管效应、扫描电镜、染色实验等方法,考察了Corynebacterium nitrilophilus腈水合酶(nitrilre hydratase,NHase)在腈纶表面改性中的应用。结果表明,C. nitrilophilus腈水合酶处理后的腈纶纤维的润湿性及染料可染性分别比对照提高了43.5%和85.7%,说明该腈水合酶具有较好的腈纶纤维表面改性性能。为了提高用于腈纶表面改性的C. nitrilophilus腈水合酶的产量,采用单因素实验及正交实验在摇瓶上对碳源、氮源、诱导剂、金属离子等进行考察,获得较优的摇瓶发酵生产腈水合酶的条件:碳源采用葡萄糖,15 g/L;氮源采用酵母粉与氯化铵复配,浓度分别为3 g/L、1 g/L;诱导剂尿素的最适剂量为10 g/L;由于该腈水合酶是钴型酶,所以需在发酵过程中添加氯化钴,浓度为0.07 g/L。经过摇瓶优化,酶活由最初的16.2 U/ml提高到45.7 U/ml,提高了2.8倍。     

甲基营养菌WB-1甲胺磷降解酶的产生、部分纯化及性质

甲基营养菌WB１菌株在以甲胺磷作碳氮源的无机盐培养基上生长时,产生甲胺磷降解酶情况较好,培养20 h为细胞收获的适宜时期。所得细胞经过超声波破碎、吐温20抽提、热处理(60℃,9min)\,DEAE\|纤维素32和CM\|纤维素32柱层析等步骤,得到的酶制品比活力为180U/mg,收率78.8%,纯化倍数22.8。纯化的酶制品经连续聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳,呈现一条主带,酶活力染色则呈现一条与之对应的活性谱带;该酶催化反应的适宜pH为90,底物专一性不强,Hg²⁺\,Mn²⁺\,Cu²⁺对酶有强烈的抑制作用。部分纯化酶制品在-20℃(0.1mol/L的磷酸盐溶液中)存放5d,酶活力丧失约60%。     

五氯酚对人胎盘碱性磷酸酶抑制的研究

监测人胎盘碱性磷酸酶在不同浓度五氯酚溶液中活力与荧光光谱的变化;测定五氯酚对其抑制的类型及pH对其抑制的影响.结果显示：低浓度的五氯酚(＜1.0 mmol/L)使酶活力及其荧光强度迅速下降,发射峰位明显红移;继续提高五氯酚浓度,其活力与荧光强度逐渐下降,发射峰位仍在红移;五氯酚浓度为5.0 mmol/L时,荧光淬灭,但酶仍保留51.4%的活力;五氯酚浓度高达10.0 mmol/L时,酶剩余活力为30.0%.进一步实验表明五氯酚使L-色氨酸的荧光强度降低,并伴有发射峰位的红移,当五氯酚浓度为5.0 mmol/L时,L-色氨酸的荧光淬灭.五氯酚是人胎盘碱性磷酸酶的反竞争性抑制剂,其抑制常数(K_i)为3.86 mmol/L.其抑制也受溶液pH影响,pH＜7.5时,对酶无抑制;pH为7.5～10.5时,随pH的增加,抑制作用逐渐增强.提示五氯酚能够进入酶分子内部使其荧光淬灭,并抑制了酶活力;表明酶活力抑制与五氯酚的解离状态有关.     

碱性磷酸酶标记链霉亲和素

碱性磷酸酶标记链霉亲和素（AP-SA）是酶放大时间分辨荧光免疫分析（EATRFIA）通用的、最关键的试剂.报告了AP-SA的戊二醛二步标记方法.用自行研制的荧光发展溶液和AP的底物5-氟水杨酸磷酸酯测定了标记物AP-SA的特性,AP的标记回收率为38.7%;AP-SA稀释200～12 800倍时,稀释倍数和Tb的信/噪比呈线性关系;至少在两个月内,AP-SA的酶活性是稳定的.     

Analysis of retinal and 3-dehydroretinal in the retina by high-pressure liquid chromatography

A sensitive analytical method was developed in order to study the rhodopsin-porphyropsin system in the eye. Oximes of 11-cis-retinal, all-trans-retinal, 11-cis-3-dehydroretinal, and all-trans-3-dehydroretinal were determined quantitatively by high-pressure liquid chromatography. This method was applied to the analysis of retinal and 3-dehydroretinal in the retinas of bullfrog and goldfish. The results agreed with those obtained from the bleaching kinetics of visual pigment extracted with detergent. A reliable result is obtained if the tissue contains more than 5 pmol of retinal (or 3-dehydroretinal). The chromophore composition could be determined in the eye of a small freshwater prawn, Palaemon pancidence, using 50 pmol of 11-cis-retinal and no 3-dehydroretinal.     

Enthalpy array analysis of enzymatic and binding reactions

Enthalpy arrays enable label-free, solution-based calorimetric detection of molecular interactions in a 96-detector array format. The combination of the small size of the detectors and the ability to perform measurements in parallel results in a significant reduction of sample volume and measurement time compared with conventional calorimetry. We have made significant improvements in the technology by reducing the temperature noise of the detectors and improving the fabrication materials and methods. In combination with an automated measurement system, the advances in device performance and data analysis have allowed us to develop basic enzyme assays for substrate specificity and inhibitor activity. We have also performed a full titration of 18-crown-6 with barium chloride. These results point to future applications for enthalpy array technology, including fragment-based screening, secondary assays, and thermodynamic characterization of leads in drug discovery.     

Neurotoxic and haemolytic activity of a protein isolated from Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis crystals

Abstract Two proteins (protein A and B) were isolated from Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis crystals using ion-exchange chromatography. Protein A was found to have haemolytic and neurotoxic activities. Inhibition of nerve conduction in the sixth abdominal ganglion of the American cockroach was observed following application of protein A. Protein A was found to be haemolytic to human and rabbit erythrocytes. Protein B did not exhibit any of these activities.     

In vivo models of angiogenesis

The process of building new blood vessels (angiogenesis) and controlling the propagation of blood vessels (anti-angiogenesis) are fundamental to human health, as they play key roles in wound healing and tissue growth. More than 500 million people may stand to benefit from anti- or pro-angiogenic treatments in the coming decades [National Cancer Institute (USA), Cancer Bulletin, volume 3, no. 9, 2006]. The use of animal models to assay angiogenesis is crucial to the search for therapeutic agents that inhibit angiogenesis in the clinical setting. Examples of persons that would benefit from these therapies are cancer patients, as cancer growth and spread is angiogenesis-dependent, and patients with aberrant angiogenesis in the eye, which may lead to blindness or defective sight. Recently, anti-angiogenesis therapies have been introduced successfully in the clinic, representing a turning point in tumor therapy and the treatment of macular degeneration and heralding a new era for the treatment of several commonly occurring angiogenesis-related diseases. On the other hand, pro-angiogenic therapies that promote compensatory angiogenesis in hypoxic tissues, such as those subjected to ischemia in myocardial or cerebral hypoxia due to occluding lesions in the coronary or cerebral arteries, respectively, and in cases of poor wound healing, are also being developed. In this review, the current major and newly introduced preclinical angiogenesis assays are described and discussed in terms of their specific advantages and disadvantages from the biological, technical, economical and ethical perspectives. These assays include the corneal micropocket, chick chorioallantoic membrane, rodent mesentery, subcutaneous (s.c.) sponge/matrix/alginate microbead, s.c. Matrigel plug, s.c. disc, and s.c. directed in vivo angiogenesis assays, as well as, the zebrafish system and several additional assays. A note on quantitative techniques for assessing angiogenesis in patients is also included. The currently utilized preclinical assays are not equivalent in terms of efficacy or relevance to human disease. Some of these assays have significance for screening, while others are used primarily in studies of dosage-effects, molecular structure activities, and the combined effects of two or more agents on angiogenesis. When invited to write this review, I was asked to describe in some detail the rodent mesenteric-window angiogenesis assay, which has not received extensive coverage in previous reviews.     

Ecological tannin assays: a critique

Summary The concept of protein precipitation potential has recently been introduced by Wisdom et al. (1987) as a means to combine chemical and protein precipitation assays of tannins for ecological studies. The definition of protein precipitation potential was not theoretically rigorous, and data analysis was obscure. Our attempts to repeat the tannin extraction procedure gave incomplete recovery (24% loss of quebracho) of condensed tannins, the only type considered by Wisdom et al. In contrast we found their method efficient for hydrolysable tannins (80% recovery of tannic acid) which were undetected by their chemical assay of tannins. Their protein precipitation assay was confounded by chemical interference from both types of tannins. We conclude with recommendations for this type of analysis.     

Generation and characterization of a unique reagent that recognizes a panel of recombinant human monoclonal antibody therapeutics in the presence of endogenous human IgG

Pharmacokinetic (PK) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) assays are essential to the evaluation of the safety and efficacy of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAb) during drug development. These methods require reagents with a high degree of specificity because low concentrations of therapeutic antibody need to be detected in samples containing high concentrations of endogenous human immunoglobulins. Current assay reagent generation practices are labor-intensive and time-consuming. Moreover, these practices are molecule-specific and so only support one assay for one program at a time. Here, we describe a strategy to generate a unique assay reagent, 10C4, that preferentially recognizes a panel of recombinant human mAbs over endogenous human immunoglobulins. This “panel-specific” feature enables the reagent to be used in PK and IHC assays for multiple structurally-related therapeutic mAbs. Characterization revealed that the 10C4 epitope is conformational, extensive and mainly composed of non-CDR residues. Most key contact residues were conserved among structurally-related therapeutic mAbs, but the combination of these residues exists at low prevalence in endogenous human immunoglobulins. Interestingly, an indirect contact residue on the heavy chain of the therapeutic appears to play a critical role in determining whether or not it can bind to 10C4, but has no affect on target binding. This may allow us to improve the binding of therapeutic mAbs to 10C4 for assay development in the future. Here, for the first time, we present a strategy to develop a panel-specific reagent that can expedite the development of multiple clinical assays for structurally-related therapeutic mAbs.     

MEASUREMENTS OF PHYTOPLANKTON-PROTEIN CONTENT WITH THE HEATED BIURET-FOL1N ASSAY1,2

The heated biuret-Folin method for determining protein consistently measures 90% of the total nitrogen of filtered algae samples as protein-N without the need of mechanical disruption as long as the heating period in biuret is 100 min at 100 C. Data indicate this protein assay measures total protein on all species tried and for naturally occurring mixtures of species plus detritus. Dilute algal suspensions with as little as 0.05 μg-atom particulate protein N.liter ^-1 can he concentrated by fltration on glass fiber filters to 1.0 μg-atom particulate protein-N per filter, the optimal amount of sample for a 5 ml volume of biuret. The filtered algae samples can be stored for several weeks frozen before assaying, if necessary.