A NEW GENUS OF CAPRINI (BOVIDAE, ARTIODACTYLA) FROM UPPER PLIOCENE OF YUSHE, SHANSI

<正> In the present paper a new caprine, Sinocapra minor gen. et sp. nov. is erected on the basis of several horn cores. The type specimen was collected by the Sino-American Palaeontology Expedition from the Upper Pliocene, Mazegou Formation, of Yunzhu Subbasin, Yushe Basin, Shansi province in 1988. All the other ones referred to the new genus were described and identified by Teilhard de Chardin and Trassaert (1938, p. 53, fig. 46) as Antilope gen. et sp. indet. They also came from Zhaozhuang, Yunzhu Subbasin and it is likely that they might be gathered from the same Formation as the type specimen judging by the yellow sandy clay filling into the horn cores. Magnetostratigraphic studies by Prof. N. Opdyke of the Yunzhu Subbasin indicates that this stratigraphic interval only includes the Gauss one, approximately 3.4 to 2.47 Ma. Accounts of the biostratigraphy and dating of Yunzhu Subbasin are giyen by Dr. R. H. Tedford and Dr. Z. Qiu in another paper.     

EARLY MIOCENE MAMMALIAN FOSSILS OF XINING BASIN,QINGHAI

<正> Remains of Early Miocene mammals were practically unknown in China.In autumnof 1978,however,a collection of mammalian fossil assemblage was collected by theauthors at Xiejia,a small village about 20 km SE of Xining(Sining).The fauna,mainly made up of micromammals consists.at least of 14 species belonging to 10 genera,dated as Early Miocene in age,approximately equivalent to Aquitanian or Aquitanian-Burdigalian in Europe.Sediments attributed to the Xiejia Formation are composed of yellow brown mud-stone with intercalated yellowish green,grey mudstone,sanstone and conglomerateslens,containing fish and mammalian remains(vide infra.).All the fossils were col-lected from a quarry(IVPP loc.no.78027).     

PONTIAN MAMMALS OF WENQUAN,SINKIANG

Some mammalian fossils collected by the authors in Autumn of 1963 from thewestern part of Zungarica Basin in Sinkiang are described in the present notes.Thelocality lies in the extreme west of Zungarica Basin at Ta-ku-sze-tai valley of Wenquandistrict on the southern side of the Altao Mountains,and it is the first Tertiary localityin Sinkiang represented by a mammalian assemblage,the stratigraphic occurrence ofwhich is known.The fossils are rather well preserved and occur in a clay“pocket”intercalated as a lens in a series of sandstones,marls and conglomerates.The age ofthe fossil bearing Tertiary beds at Ta-ku-sze-tai is Early Pliocene as characterized bythe presence of Gazella dorcadoides,Indarctos sinensis and?Lycyaena dubia,which arethe common elements of Hipparion fauna in North China.     

A MAMMALIAN LOWER JAW FROM THE JURASSIC OF LINGYUAN, LIAONING

<正> In 1976, a right mandible of a Mesozoic mammal was collected by Messrs. Cheng Zhengwu and Yue Zhao of Institute of Geology, the Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, from the Middle Jurassic in Lingyuan County, Liaoning Province, Northeast China (fig. 1), When they were studying the Mesozoic stratigraphy of that area. This fossil site is most probably from the same locality as that of Yabeinosaurus tenuis reported by C.C. Young in 1958. Both fossils are derived from the same horizon.     

THE SYSTEMATIC POSITION OF THE PLIOCENE TURTLE FROM TIENSHUI,KANSU (NORTH CHINA)

C.C.Young in 1950 described a genus and species of fossil turtle new toChina under the name Terrapene sinica n.sp..The remains of this turtle arefrom Hipparion-Red Clay in North China (Pliocene).Placing it in the genusTerrapene the author refers to Hay's characteristics of the genus (1908a).It is     

MURID RODENTS FROM THE LATE PLIOCENE OF YANGQUAN AND YUXIAN, HEBEI

<正> Daodi is considered to be a late Pliocene locality near Nihewan, a classic site well known for its abundant and diverse Plio-Pleistocene mammalian fossils. An assemblage of micromammals was collected by the first author from eight quarries at Daodi by screen-washing in 1984. Preliminary reports on 26 species of small mammals collected and more detailed studies of lagomorphs have been given (see Cai, 1987; 1989). This paper deals with the material of the rodent family Muridae in the collections.     

A PLIOCENE SPECIES OF VULPES FROM YUSHE,SHANXI

<正> The Yushe County in Shanxi Province is one of the most famous "dragon bone" localities in China. Teilhard de Chardin's monographs on the fossil mammals from Yushe made it well known internationally as well. However, the work so far done there is far from completion, especially when compared with the recent achievements in stratigraphic work on late Cenozoic     

印尼爪哇动物群与周口店地区及华南动物群对比

Recently the vertebrate faunal succession established by von Koenigswald in 1930s was replaced by a new one which was proposed by Sondaar (1984), which arose some problems in regional correlations, because the relationship between the two schemes are not very clear,and some of the guide fossils mentioned by von Koenigswald were not included in the new scheme. In China, we used to compare the Jetis Fauna with Gongwangling fauna, Trinil Fauna with Zhoukoudian and Yanjinggou Faunas, but at the present time, both of the faunal names were given up. The new dating works changed the old scheme of faunas, the oldest mammalian fossil record in Java is only 1.5 Ma, which had been thought to be Middle Pliocene in the past half century. The new results from the dating works are not well correlated yet with the turnover of faunal assemblages. It's sure that the Java Faunas have close relationship with that of China, but how we can correlate them precisely is still to be done in the future.
     

RESULTS OF THE ZOOLOGICO-BOTANICAL EXPEDITION OF ACADEMIA SINICA AND ACADEMY OF SCIENCES USSR TO SOUTHWEST CHINA 1955--1957(COLEOPTERA, LANGURIIDAE)

The Languriid beetles here dealt with were collected by Chinese and Soviet entomolo-gists during their co-operative expeditions to Yunnan in the years 1955---1957 and to Sze-chuan in 1955. The collection contains 35 species of which 6 are new to science and 9were hitherto unknown from China. The new species are characterized as follows:Tetralanguria apicata, n. sp. (fig. 1)     

山西静乐贺丰三趾马动物群与磁性地层

对P．TeilharddeChardin（德日进）和杨钟健发现贺丰动物群的山西静乐贺丰剖面作了磁性地层学测量。结果表明：静乐贺丰地点的静乐红土记录了Gauss正极性带,年龄为250－3．00MaB．P,时代为晚上新世。因此,贺丰动物群的古地磁年龄当为250—3.00Ma。     

山西静乐贺丰上新世的步氏羚羊

重新厘定后,步氏羚羊（Gazellablacki）的主要特征是个体中等大小,脑颅部宽而短,枕面向后突出不明显,枕髁与枕面处在同一平面中,基枕面平,呈方形,具宽浅而长的中纵沟;角心纤细,短而直,从角基向角项方向迅速变尖,基部横切面为次圆形;颊齿高冠,前臼齿列短和p4有封闭的前内谷等。它出现在我国山西上上新统的地层中。依据头骨和颊齿的性状,它可能是现生种G．picticaudata和G．gutturosa的祖先类型。     

内蒙古宝格达乌拉晚中新世副竹鼠化石(英文)

描述了1996-2007年间在内蒙古阿巴嘎旗晚中新世宝格达乌拉组采集的副竹鼠化石。材料包括下颌骨1件、牙齿14枚和肢骨4件,分别采自该组的2个地点。根据标本较大的尺寸、形态特征,以及颊齿的釉质曲线高度,宝格达乌拉材料被归入三趾马层副竹鼠Pararhizomys hipparionum Teilhard de Chardin Young,1931。Pararhizomys是一类具高冠、脊形和冠面构造简单颊齿的啮齿动物。该属目前发现的化石地点少,材料也不多,主要集中于中国北方和蒙古高原周缘,其地史分布为晚中新世早期至上新世中期。与鼢鼠类(siphneids)和鼠平类(arvicolids)一样,Pararhizomys属的颊齿有由低冠到高冠发展的趋势,具体表现为牙齿侧面釉质曲线(dentine tract)由平直、远离内外两侧谷底到起伏、接近甚至超过内外两侧谷底。为方便比较,本文为釉质曲线的高度设立"H"指数,即从每侧最深谷的谷底和釉质曲线的最高处取平行于冠面的平行线,此两平行线之间的垂直距离为"H"。H值越大,表明齿冠越低,反之则齿冠越高。尽管目前发现的副竹鼠标本不多,但似乎可以看到从早期到晚期,其颊齿的个体有从小变大,釉质曲线高度H值逐渐减小,即齿冠逐渐增高的趋势。由于Pararhizomys的牙齿形态多少与竹鼠类的低冠竹鼠Brachyrhizomys和竹鼠属Rhizo-mys及拟速掘鼠属Tachyoryctoides有相似之处,故常被与Brachyrhizomys和Rhizomys一起归入竹鼠科(Rhizom yidae),但该属的牙齿不具中脊和下中脊,褶沟少,一般为2-3个,与上述三属有明显的不同。本文对下门齿所作的切片观察也表明,Pararhizomys的釉质层结构与Brachyrhizomys,Rhizomys和Tachyoryctoides者相差甚远,其内层(PI)明显增厚,釉柱和釉柱间质(IPM)的排列方式存在明显差别。颊齿的冠高、冠面形态,以及下门齿的釉质层结构,似乎都表明了Pararhizomys属不大可能归入竹鼠科或速掘鼠科(Tachyorictoididae)。而下门齿釉质层切片显示了Brachyrhizomys与Rhizomys有着高度相似的釉质结构,进一步证明了两者有较接近的亲缘关系。地理分布上,Pararhizomys与Tachyoryctoides属只发现于古北区,伴生的哺乳动物显示了其可能适应偏冷、干旱的草原环境,而Brachyrhizomys和Rhizomys主要局限于东洋区,共生的哺乳动物多能适应温暖、湿润的树林环境。     

中国境内大角鹿属的下颌骨厚度问题

中国境内的大角鹿属是第四纪期间与人类化石相伴生的重要动物化石,过去常根据下颌骨厚度指数来鉴定大角鹿属各个种,现在看来,其角的形态变化,才是最重要依据.在中国大角鹿主要分布于北方地区,早期类型生存于温暖地带,晚期生存于稍寒冷一些地带.     

三门峡地区含哺乳动物化石的几个第四纪剖面

黄河三门峡地区的晚新生代哺乳动物化石包括了上新世至晚更新世各个层位,其中以早更新世的材料较多,有七种与泥河湾动物群是相同种;有4种与山西榆社、临猗和西侯度等地点的早更新世动物群是相同种。这说明三门峡地区早更新世动物群相当于维拉方晚期或中晚期。三门系属河湖沉积,但比黄河发育的历史为早,而黄河的沉积系贾福海等划分的第5层。为此,黄河形成的时间恐怕是早更新世之末或中更新世之初。     

泥河湾盆地上新世生物地层序列与环境

总结了泥河湾盆地晚上新世生物地层,讨论了12个剖面含哺乳动物化石层位的相互关系,以稻地老窝沟剖面的地层顺序为基础排列出约3.7～2.6Ma时段内的9个代表性的生物地层单位。哺乳动物以Paenelimnoecus chinensis、Lunanosorex cf.L.lii、Trischizolagus、Pliopentalagus nihewanicus、Ungaromys、Mimomys sp.、Chardina truncatus、Mesosiphneus praetingi、M, paratingi、Plio- siphneus lyratus、Pseudomeriones complicidens、Castor anderssoni、Huaxiamys downsi、Chardinomys yusheensis、C.nihowanicus、Hipparion houfenense和Gazella blacki组合为特征。动物群在时代上与榆社麻则沟动物组合、静乐红土动物群、灵台雷家河剖面V带及任家沟静乐红粘土动物组合、宁县水磨沟动物组合、游河动物群及沂南棋盘山洞穴动物组合相当。动物群所反映的是温带草原为主、间有树林和干草原的稀树草原环境。     

贺风三趾马头骨的发现及其系统关系的讨论

贺风三趾马是根据下颊齿和零星肢骨建立的。本文记述的头骨和一贺风三趾马的下颌属于同一个体。新材料表明:贺风三趾马在头骨和上牙方面也与其它已知种有明显的区别。在系统关系上,它和 Hipparion hippidiodum 及 H.turkanense 最为接近。它和后一个种在进化水平上大体相当。它们是从 H.hippidiodum 发展起来的两个不同的支系。     

记几种原鼢鼠(啮齿目,鼢鼠科)及鼢鼠科的起源讨论

记述了采自甘肃秦安和内蒙古阿木乌苏中中新世晚期 -晚中新世的 4种早期原鼢鼠 :Prosiphneusqinanensissp .nov.、Pr.qiuisp .nov .、Pr.haoisp .nov .和Pr.licentiTeilharddeChardin ,1 92 6,讨论了原鼢鼠属中 7个种的相互关系及其进化趋势。Prosiphneus是鼢鼠科中最原始的属 ,目前已知最早的种是Pr.qinanensissp .nov.,最晚的种是Pr.ericksoni (Schlos ser,1 92 4 )。Prosiphneus可能起源于PlesiodipusprogressusQiu ,1 996。     

中国羚牛分类、分布的研究

羚牛(Budorcas taxicolor)这种大型偶蹄类仅产于亚洲,它的个体大小可与云南野牛(Bos gaurus)及青藏高原的牦牛(Bos grunniens)相比,但体型又酷似羊类,特别是它具有隆起的吻鼻、低矮的臀部、成兽下颌的长须以及短小的尾巴,给人以似牛非牛、似羊非羊的印象。 羚牛体型粗壮,成兽体重约200—300公斤,体长在1.8—2.1米,四肢健壮有力,肩高一般在1.3—1.4米之间。肩高大于臀高。雌雄皆具角,一般雄角较粗大。角形特别,先由头顶略靠内侧向上长出,然后以90°方向向外侧弯曲,在角的1/2处又向后方弯转,     

河北阳原、蔚县几个早更新世哺乳动物化石及旧石器地点

桑干河流域,特别是阳原、蔚县盆地的河湖相沉积,不仅发育良好,出露的面积广,厚度大,而且含有丰富的哺乳动物化石。长期以来作为我国北方第四纪早更新世的一个标准地层。近年来在这一地区,在泥河湾地层的下部一些地点,又发现了一些新的哺乳动物化石,并发现了一定数量的旧石器。这有助于进一步确定泥河湾的地层时代,为解决我国北方长期以来第四纪下限问题,为寻找人类化石提供了有利的线索。