综合ICU危重症患者大肠埃希菌致尿路感染菌群特点及耐药性

目的分析综合ICU危重症患者大肠埃希菌致尿路感染病原菌的分布特点和耐药性。方法收集2012-2014年宁波市北仑区第二人民医院128例综合ICU危重症患者大肠埃希菌致尿路感染的清洁中段尿液培养标本,分别进行细菌鉴定、药敏试验及超广谱β-内酰胺酶(ESBLs)检测。结果 128例患者共分离出大肠埃希菌128株,2012-2014年每年留置尿管患者检出的产ESBLs菌株数均多于非留置尿管患者,但差异无统计学意义(均P0.05)。产ESBLs菌株对头孢唑林、头孢呋辛完全耐药,对头孢哌酮/舒巴坦、哌拉西林/他唑巴坦和头孢替坦较为敏感,对亚胺培南的敏感性最强。产ESBLs菌株对大部分抗菌药物的耐药性均高于非产ESBLs菌株,部分耐药性的差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论大肠埃希菌产ESBLs菌株对多数抗菌药物存在较高的耐药性,但对头孢哌酮/舒巴坦、哌拉西林/他唑巴坦、头孢替坦、亚胺培南的耐药性较低,可作为治疗大肠埃希菌致尿路感染优先抗菌药物。     

156例尿路感染大肠埃希菌耐药性分析

目的探讨大肠埃希菌尿路感染的临床发病特点及对抗生素的耐药情况。方法对2001年1月至2005年12月尿路感染患者尿培养分离出的156株大肠埃希菌进行耐药性分析,用纸片扩散法表型确证试验检测ESBLs。结果大肠埃希菌耐药率最低的抗菌药物是亚胺培南、美罗培南、头孢哌酮/舒巴坦、氧哌嗪青霉素/他唑巴坦,分别为1.28%、1.92%、3.21%、5.13%;对氨苄西林、氟喹诺酮类、庆大霉素、复方新诺明耐药率均>70%。产ESBLs的大肠埃希菌对亚胺培南、美罗培南、头孢哌酮/舒巴坦、氧哌嗪青霉素/他唑巴坦的耐药性均<10%,对氨苄西林、头孢菌素类、氟喹诺酮类均表现出很强的耐药性。结论治疗大肠埃希菌感染时,需根据药敏结果选用碳青霉烯类、β-内酰胺类/β-内酰胺酶抑制剂等。     

辽宁省2017年至2021年尿培养主要病原菌分布及临床意义

泌尿系统感染的临床发病率很高,仅次于呼吸系统感染。对分离的细菌进行鉴定以及药敏试验,有助于了解引起感染的各种细菌分布以及耐药情况。研究患者尿培养病原菌的分布以及临床常用抗生素耐药情况,从而为临床正确、合理使用药物提供参考。回顾分析了辽宁省2017年1月至2021年12月共4 865份尿标本感染菌鉴定结果和大肠埃希菌（Escherichia coli）的药物敏感试验结果,数据来自辽宁省各大医院。采用法国梅里埃VITEK MS全自动快速微生物质谱检测系统和/或VITEK 2 Compact全自动微生物鉴定仪进行菌种鉴定,对来自门诊和住院泌尿系统感染患者尿标本中分离的1 411株大肠埃希菌进行药敏试验分析。结果表明,尿培养的病原菌中主要以革兰阴性菌为主占66.2％,其次为革兰阳性菌。在革兰阴性菌当中大肠埃希菌占37.1%。大肠埃希菌对氨苄西林、环丙沙星、复方新诺明、头孢唑啉的耐药性比较高,每年的耐药率均超过50%,对哌拉西林的耐药率在2021年已经达到100%。而对于阿米卡星、呋喃妥英、美罗培南、哌拉西林/他唑巴坦、头孢替坦和亚胺培南则出现较低的耐药性,五年的耐药率均低于10%。对于临床治疗尿路感染选用的左氧氟沙星、头孢呋辛和头孢曲松三个一线药物,大肠埃希菌对左氧氟沙星的耐药率有逐年上升的趋势,但对头孢呋辛和头孢曲松的耐药率变化不大。上述结果表明,辽宁省近五年尿培养的主要致病菌是革兰阴性菌,其中大肠埃希菌占有的比例很高。大肠埃希菌易产生耐药性,需对其加强监测,通过向临床提供最新最快的耐药性分析资料,可以更好地控制大肠埃希菌导致的感染,为临床合理用药及治疗提供帮助。     

肺结核患者合并下呼吸道大肠埃希菌感染的临床特点与耐药性分析

目的调查肺结核合并下呼吸道大肠埃希菌感染患者的临床特点及其病原菌对常用抗菌药物的耐药性,为临床诊疗提供参考依据。方法回顾性分析2011年1月至2015年8月共109例肺结核患者合并下呼吸道感染病例,按照《全国临床检验操作规程》第3版操作流程分离鉴定,K-B纸片扩散法进行药敏试验。结果检出大肠埃希菌的标本主要为痰液(88.07%)。药敏检测提示,大肠埃希菌对阿米卡星、亚胺培南、哌拉西林/他唑巴坦、美罗培南、奈替米星、妥布霉素和头孢哌酮/舒巴坦较敏感,耐药率均20%,可作为临床治疗该菌感染的首选抗菌药物。结论大肠埃希菌是导致肺结核患者下呼吸道感染常见致病菌之一,其耐药性较高,应引起人们的高度关注。同时应提高临床样本的送检率,根据药敏检测结果合理选用抗菌药物。     

淋巴瘤化疗后继发感染患者病原菌及耐药性分析

目的 分析淋巴瘤化疗后继发感染患者病原菌分布及病原菌对常见抗菌药物的敏感性,从而为制定患者干预方案、提高患者生活质量提供参考依据。方法 以经病理确诊的淋巴瘤化疗后继发感染患者为研究对象,采集患者血液、尿液、痰液和粪便样本。采用VITEK 2 COMPACT全自动微生物鉴定及药敏分析仪鉴定病原菌种类,采用Mueller-Hinton琼脂平板和Kirby-Bauer纸片扩散法测定分离的主要病原菌菌株对常见抗菌药物的敏感性。结果 455例淋巴瘤病人,总计住院1 776人次,累计有356人次发生化疗后继发感染,发生率为20.1%。累计培养出病原菌106株,以大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌为主。大肠埃希菌对头孢替坦、阿米卡星、亚胺培南、美罗培南、厄他培南敏感性均>95%;肺炎克雷伯菌对阿米卡星、头孢替坦、亚胺培南、美罗培南、厄他培南敏感性均>90%;金黄色葡萄球菌对呋喃妥因、利奈唑胺、替加环素、万古霉素、喹奴普汀/达福普汀敏感性均为100%;铜绿假单胞菌对多黏霉素B敏感性为100%,对哌拉西林/他唑巴坦、头孢吡肟、阿米卡星、庆大霉素、妥布霉素、亚胺培南敏感性均达87.5%。结论 淋巴瘤住院...     

住院精神病患者大肠埃希菌感染分布状况、耐药性及其危险因素分析

目的:了解住院精神病患者大肠埃希菌的感染分布情况及对常用抗菌药物的耐药状况,并分析感染大肠埃希菌的危险因素。方法:回顾性收集2016年1月-2019年1月间1100例接受住院治疗的临床资料,收集其临床标本并分离大肠埃希菌,采用法国生物梅里埃公司的VITEK-32系统进行菌种鉴定及药敏试验,采用K-B琼脂扩散法检测细菌的耐药性。单因素和多因素logistic回归分析大肠埃希菌感染的危险因素。结果:1100例精神病患者中共有51例患者检出大肠埃希菌感染,感染率为4.64%(51/1100),共分离出87株大肠埃希菌。各类标本来源分布占比从高到低依次是尿液42.53%(37/87)、痰及呼吸道分泌物36.63%(31/87),粪便14.94%(13/87),伤口引流液4.60%(4/87),血液2.30%(2/87);科室分布占比从高到低依次是老年科66.67%(58/87),精神科25.29%(22/87),心理科8.05%(7/87)。大肠埃希菌主要对氨苄西林、四环素、环丙沙星、头孢唑啉耐药,耐药率分别为93.25%、80.03%、77.30%、72.51%,对亚胺培南不耐药,耐药率为0.00%。单因素分析结果显示年龄、长期使用抗精神药物、住院时间、侵入性操作和频繁使用抗菌药物治疗均与住院精神病患者大肠埃希菌感染相关(P0.05)。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示年龄≥55岁、住院时间≥45 d、侵入性操作、长期使用抗精神病药物和频繁使用抗菌药物治疗是住院精神病患者大肠埃希菌感染的危险因素(P0.05)。结论:大肠埃希菌耐药性日趋严重,临床抗感染治疗上,应根据药敏试验结果、结合实际情况合理选用抗菌药物,有效减少耐药菌株的扩散,降低大肠埃希菌感染。此外,年龄≥55岁、长期使用抗精神病药物和频繁使用抗菌药物治疗、侵入性操作、住院时间≥45d均是大肠埃希菌感染的危险因素,值得重点关注。     

大肠埃希菌高产AmpC酶的检测及耐药性分析

目的了解深圳市人民医院高产AmpC酶大肠埃希菌的存在现状及其耐药性。方法采用Tris-ED-TA纸片裂菌法检测148株大肠埃希菌的AmpC酶。用琼脂稀释法测定产酶株对11种抗生素的最低抑菌浓度（MIC）。结果 148株大肠埃希菌中6株检出AmpC酶,检出率为4.1%。所有产AmpC酶大肠埃希菌对亚胺培南敏感,MIC为0.12～0.25μg/ml;对头孢吡肟的MIC值也较低,为0.5～32.0μg/ml,仅1株耐头孢吡肟。所有产AmpC酶大肠埃希菌对头孢西丁耐药,MIC为32～128μg/ml;对氨苄西林/舒巴坦、阿莫西林/克拉维酸和哌拉西林/他唑巴坦等加酶抑制剂复合物耐药性较强。结论深圳市人民医院大肠埃希菌高产AmpC酶检出率为4.1%。产酶株对多种抗生素耐药性较高。     

临床尿标本分离128株大肠埃希菌分析

目的探讨南昌大学第一附属医院尿标本大肠埃希菌的检测及耐药情况,为临床用药提供指导。方法采用常规方法进行细菌的分离及鉴定;运用VITEK-2全自动细菌分析仪进行细菌的鉴定及药敏分析。结果128株分离的大肠埃希菌中,产ESBLs菌92株,占71.5%,非产ESBLs菌36株,占28.5%。产ESBLs大肠埃希菌的药物敏感性与非产ESBLs菌株间具有较大差异（P〈0.05）。产ESBLs菌株对亚胺培南、厄它培南、哌拉西林/他唑巴坦、阿米卡星、呋喃妥因等敏感性好,但对氟喹诺酮类、氨基糖苷类和磺胺类的耐药率高于非产ESBLs菌株。所有分离菌株可首选哌拉西林/他唑巴坦、头孢替坦、厄它培南、亚胺培南、阿米卡星和呋喃妥因进行治疗。结论南昌大学第一附属医院产ESBLs大肠埃希菌耐药性较为严重（71.5%）;医院应加强重视,强化抗生素的合理使用,降低细菌耐药率的产生。     

大肠埃希菌泌尿系统感染患者临床分布及药物敏感性分析

摘要 目的：探讨大肠埃希菌引起泌尿系统感染患者的临床分布情况及其药物敏感性分析,为临床诊断及合理使用抗菌药物提供理论性依据。方法：选取2015年1月至2020年12月期间诊治的2052例大肠埃希菌泌尿系统感染患者为研究对象,使用MALDI-TOF MS全自动微生物鉴定质谱仪对细菌进行鉴定,应用VITEK 2 Compact全自动微生物鉴定及药敏分析仪进行药物敏感性分析。结果：2052例大肠埃希菌泌尿系统感染患者中泌尿外科患者占比最高,为17.50%,其次为肾病科患者,占12.87%。其中检出803株产ESBLs的大肠埃希菌,泌尿外科占比最高,为18.56%,其次是肾病科占13.95%,内分泌科占11.71%,重症医学科10.09%。2052株大肠埃希菌整体药敏分析结果显示,大肠埃希菌对美罗培南、亚胺培南、阿米卡星、哌拉西林/他唑巴坦、呋喃妥因、米诺环素、头孢西丁等药物敏感率高,均>90%,头孢唑啉、环丙沙星、左氧氟沙星、氨苄西林/舒巴坦、复方新诺明、氨苄西林敏感率低,均<50%,其中氨苄西林敏感率最低,只有28.17%。结论：大肠埃希菌泌尿系统感染主要发生在泌尿外科,产ESBLs大肠埃希菌整体检出率较高,临床应重视泌尿系统感染患者的尿细菌培养及药物敏感性分析,尽量避免仅凭经验性用药,根据药物敏感性结果合理选择抗菌药物。     

儿童泌尿系感染大肠埃希菌的耐药性分析

目的 了解大肠埃希菌在儿童中的感染情况及其耐药性.方法 对中段尿标本进行分离培养及鉴定,药敏试验用K-B法,检测ESBLs用表型确证试验,药敏结果分析用WHONET 5.5软件,统计分析采用x2检验.结果 2009年1月至2011年12月从儿科门诊和病房送检的1755份中段尿标本中共检出85株大肠埃希菌,检出率为4.8％,男女比为6:11; ＜3岁的婴幼儿组57例,占67.1％;3～6岁育龄前儿童17例,占20.0％;＞6岁儿童11例,占12.9％;产ESBLs的大肠埃希菌占60.0％;85株大肠埃希菌对亚胺培南和美罗培南全部敏感,对头孢哌酮/舒巴坦、哌拉西林/他唑巴坦和阿米卡星的敏感率均为90％以上,产ESBLs的大肠埃希菌对氨苄西林、头孢唑啉、头孢他啶、头孢曲松、头孢吡肟、头孢西丁、头孢呋新酯、左旋氧氟沙星和罗红霉素的耐药率较非产ESBLs菌株的耐药率高,P值均＜0.05,差异有统计学意义.结论 儿童泌尿系感染大肠埃希菌,可以选用的抗菌素已极为有限,临床要谨慎用药,并及时根据药敏结果修正药物种类.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.