表达人尿激酶原突变体的重组山羊乳腺特异性表达慢病毒载体的构建

目的：构建山羊乳腺特异性表达尿激酶原突变体的重组慢病毒载体,证明其表达的有效性。方法：将劳氏肉瘤病毒增强子／启动子、复制缺陷型人免疫缺陷病毒（HIV-1）的5′端长重复序列（LTR）、HIV-1ψ包装信号、HIVRev反应元件、山羊β-酪蛋白调控序列、尿激酶原M13cDNA、AU3／3′LTR、牛生长激素（BGH）基因poly（A）依次连接,构建乳腺特异性表达的慢病毒载体,通过体外转染人乳腺癌细胞系MCF-7、中国仓鼠卵巢细胞及泌乳山羊乳腺注射证明其表达有效性。结果：酶切鉴定证实山羊乳腺特异性表达载体构建正确;将该载体转染细胞,采用溶圈法和Western印迹检测证实了其表达的有效性;慢病毒载体注射到泌乳山羊的乳腺,在乳汁中也检测到了尿激酶原的表达。结论：为在转基因动物乳腺中表达尿激酶原突变体奠定了基础。     

腺病毒介导的猪生长激素cDNA在大鼠体内的诱导表达及其促生长作用的研究

用同源重组的方法制备了在羊金属硫蛋白(MT)启动子控制下的猪生长激素(pGH)cDNA的重组腺病毒(MTCD—reAdV),将其感染CHO细胞,48h后在细胞培养基中检测到有pGH的表达。为在动物体内证实该重组腺病毒的促生长功能,通过心脏将重组腺病毒注射到大鼠的血液中(每只大鼠注射滴度为TICD50 10^l0的MTCD-reAd0.5ml）,经过硫酸锌间歇性诱导,结果表明,在注射后的19天内,注射MTCD-reAdV大鼠的体增重明显(P＜0．05)高于对照组(注射空病毒)。由此可见,由腺病毒介导的pGH基因具有明显促进大鼠快速生长的作用。     

山羊PTHrP基因干扰重组腺病毒的制备与鉴定

甲状旁腺激素相关蛋白 (Parathyroid hormone related protein,PTHrP) 具有广泛生物学功能,对调控钙代谢具有重要作用。采用RNA干扰和重组腺病毒技术,对山羊乳腺上皮细胞中PTHrP基因表达进行沉默,为进一步研究该基因在乳腺上皮细胞中的功能奠定基础。采用BLOCK-iT shRNA腺病毒干扰系统,将设计好的寡聚shRNA-322/357经退火复性后插入穿梭质粒pENTR/CMV-GFP/U6中。经Western blotting检测干扰效率后,选择pENTR/CMV-GFP/U6-322与病毒骨架质粒pAd/PL-DEST进行同源重组,成功获得重组干扰腺病毒载体pAD/PL-DEST/CMV-GFP/U6-322,并转染HEK-293细胞,通过包装、扩增后产生干扰重组腺病毒AD-PTHrP-322,TCID50法测定其滴度为2.0×109 PFU/mL。用AD-PTHrP-322感染山羊原代乳腺上皮细胞(MOI=200),经实时定量PCR及Western blotting检测表明在病毒感染24 h、48 h和72 h后,山羊乳腺上皮细胞中PTHrP mRNA表达量分别下调了29.2％、68.1％和82.6％ (P＜0.05),其蛋白表达水平也明显下调,干扰效果明显。     

山羊SREBP-1基因的超表达对脂肪酸代谢相关基因表达的影响

本研究旨在通过构建西农萨能羊固醇调节元件结合蛋白-1(SREBP-1)基因的重组腺病毒超表达载体,获得有感染性的病毒颗粒,并检测该基因过表达后对乳腺上皮细胞中脂肪酸代谢相关基因的影响,为进一步研究该基因在脂肪酸代谢及泌乳调控中的功能奠定基础。根据GenBank中收录的西农萨能羊SREBP-1基因的序列设计引物,PCR扩增后进行测序。将测序正确的目的基因连接到穿梭载体pAdTrack-CMV后并进行线性化,转化含有腺病毒骨架载体pAdEasy-1的大肠杆菌Escherichia coli BJ5183感受态细胞中进行同源重组,将重组成功的质粒进行PacⅠ酶线性化,转染HEK 293细胞进行重组腺病毒的包装、扩繁及滴度测定。病毒液感染原代乳腺上皮细胞,实时荧光定量检测SREBP-1超表达效果及对脂肪酸代谢相关基因的影响。结果表明:重组腺病毒质粒构建成功,腺病毒滴度为109U/mL。病毒液感染乳腺上皮细胞48 h后,SREBP-1基因表达量上升大约15倍,72 h后,表达量上调了30倍;对脂肪酸代谢相关基因的影响在72 h较为明显,其中,脂肪酸合酶(FASN)及酰基辅酶A羧化酶(ACC)均显著上调了大约两倍,过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体(PPARγ)上调了大约1.5倍,肝素X受体(LXRα)及甘油三酯水解酶(ATGL)表达量升高了1.2倍;其中硬脂酰辅酶A去饱和酶(SCD)表达水平无明显变化。表明在西农萨能羊乳腺上皮细胞中,SREBP-1能够促进脂肪酸合成相关基因的表达,对山羊乳腺脂肪酸代谢具有调控作用。     

HBD-3基因的乳腺特异性表达载体的构建及真核表达

为了制备高效表达人β-防御素-3基因的转基因奶牛提供可靠的核移植供体细胞,本试验采用RT-PCR从人胎盘组织获得人β-防御素3cDNA,通过双酶切法将目的基因片段hBD插入到质粒pBCP之间,最后再通过双酶切法将目的片段BCD插入到真核表达载体pEGFP-C1中,最终构建乳腺特异性表达载体pEBCD。脂质体介导法转染奶牛胎儿成纤维细胞G418,抗性筛选3~4周后,经PCR、RT-PCR扩增检测和报告基因EGFP表达检测,得到稳定整合外源基因的转基因供体细胞;同时检测稳定转染的奶牛乳腺上皮细胞系的上清液,检测到重组人β-防御素-3蛋白可以在奶牛乳腺上皮细胞组织特异性表达。     

人RARα基因重组腺病毒表达质粒的构建及其对人白血病NB4细胞的影响研究

利用AdEasy系统构建携带人RARα基因的重组腺病毒表达质粒,感染人白血病NB4细胞后用生理浓度的维甲酸诱导,观察其对NB4细胞增殖和分化的影响。以急性早幼粒细胞株NB4的cDNA为模板,PCR扩增RARα基因,克隆至穿梭质粒pAdTrace-TO4中,构建重组腺病毒穿梭质粒pAdTrace-TO4-RARα。用EcoR V和Sal I双酶切及测序鉴定,然后与骨架质粒AdEasy-1同时转化大肠杆菌BJ5183菌株的感受态,经同源重组获得重组腺病毒质粒Ad-RARα。酶切验证后,Pac I酶线性化后转染AD293细胞,包装出重组腺病毒Ad-RARα,经3轮扩增后,测定病毒滴度,进行PCR鉴定。流式细胞术测定病毒感染效率,Western blot法检测重组腺病毒感染的人NB4细胞中RARα蛋白和凋亡相关蛋白Bax、Bcl-2的表达,CCK-8法检测重组腺病毒感染对NB4细胞增殖的影响,Annexin V/PI双染法测定细胞周期,PI测定细胞凋亡。重组腺病毒穿梭质粒pAdTrace-TO4-RARα经双酶切及测序证明构建正确,病毒感染效率可达70%,与空载体感染及未感染的NB4细胞相比,重组腺病毒感染的NB4细胞内RARα蛋白的表达明显升高(P0.05),且经生理浓度全反式维甲酸ATRA处理后,能够有效地促进感染重组腺病毒细胞的分化成熟和凋亡。该研究成功构建了携带人RARα基因的重组腺病毒表达质粒,感染NB4细胞后可促进细胞增殖,经生理浓度维甲酸诱导后能促进NB4细胞分化成熟和凋亡,为进一步研究该基因在急性髓细胞白血病发生发展中的作用奠定了基础。     

人乳头瘤病毒引起裸鼠生殖系统病变的研究

重组的腺病毒Ad-CMV-E6/E7和Ad-K14-E6/E7在293细胞中包装后得到上清液,将Ad-CMV-E6/E7和Ad-K14-E6/E7病毒上清液以及做为对照的重组腺病毒空载体pAd-CMV和pAdtrack-K14的上清液,经过纯化后,通过裸鼠的尾缘静脉注射到裸鼠体内,每天注射0.05 mg雌激素给注射病毒的裸鼠,同时做对照。12周后给裸鼠注射2.5%的阿佛丁进行麻醉,取其子宫、阴道、卵巢、乳腺等组织,浸泡在3.75%的多聚甲醛中4℃固定过夜,做石蜡包埋切片、HE染色、免疫组化检测P53蛋白和Bcl-2蛋白的表达,取裸鼠的各个组织提取DNA、RNA和蛋白质,然后分别检测有无重组腺病毒的感染、病毒表达的情况及E6蛋白的表达。HE染色结果显示注射腺病毒Ad-K14-E6/E7的裸鼠(实验组2)子宫颈-子宫体移行组织增生明显。SP法免疫组化检测突变型P53和Bcl-2在该组裸鼠的子宫基质细胞表达增加,并且RT-PCR检测该组裸鼠子宫组织也有E6/E7的表达,Western Blot检测该组子宫组织也有E6蛋白的表达。动物实验结果表明K14启动子增加了E6/E7在裸鼠子宫组织的表达,同时也发现该组裸鼠的子...     

与CIK细胞结合的肿瘤特异性增殖腺病毒KGHV400的构建

为了构建能与CIK细胞(Cytokine induced killer cell,CIK)结合的肿瘤特异性增殖腺病毒,我们用化学合成的35型腺病毒(Ad35)纤毛基因替换5型腺病毒(Ad5)骨架质粒的纤毛基因,获得5/35嵌合型腺病毒骨架质粒,然后与携带肿瘤特异性启动子hTERT(端粒酶逆转录酶基因启动子)和HRE(缺氧反应元件启动子)的穿梭质粒在HEK293细胞中同源重组,获得能与CIK细胞结合的肿瘤特异性增殖腺病毒KGHV400。分离人外周血单个核细胞,诱导培养成CIK细胞,与KGHV400共培养获得荷载KGHV400的CIK细胞。建立乳腺癌裸鼠移植瘤模型,经尾静脉注射荷载KGHV400的CIK细胞,在注射后第1d、2d、3d、5d、7d、14d解剖实验鼠,用免疫组化技术检测腺病毒六邻体蛋白在移植瘤、心、肝、脾、肾组织的表达。结果显示,构建的重组腺病毒KGHV400能高效率感染CIK细胞;荷瘤鼠尾静脉注射荷载KGHV400的CIK细胞后第1d,肿瘤细胞中即有腺病毒六邻体蛋白表达,之后表达逐渐增多,第14d仍有表达;脾脏在第1~14d检测到少量淋巴细胞中存在腺病毒六邻体蛋白;心、肝、肾组织未检测到该蛋白。对照组(尾静脉注射KGHV400)在注射后第1d、2d、3d、5d,肝、脾、肾组织中检测到存在腺病毒六邻体蛋白,但第7d后为转阴性;肿瘤细胞和心肌细胞未检测到腺病毒六邻体蛋白。我们的研究结果表明,重组腺病毒KGHV400是一种有用的肿瘤基因治疗载体。     

TPO内含子Ⅴ可显著增强人血小板生成素基因在乳腺细胞中的表达

人血小板生成素（thrombopoietin,TPO）基因组包括6个外显子和5个内含子,内含子在其表达过程中可能扮演着重要作用.为了研究人TPO基因组中不同内含子对TPO表达的影响,构建可在转基因动物乳腺中高水平表达人TPO的乳腺特异性表达质粒.本研究以65 kb的山羊β-casein启动子为调控元件,构建了包括人TPO cDNA(pTPOA)、TPO intronⅠ-TPO cDNA (pTPOB)、ΔTPO intronⅠ-TPO cDNA (pTPOC)、TPO intronⅤ-TPO cDNA (pTPOD)和TPO gDNA (pTPOE)等5种TPO乳腺特异性表达质粒,并在人乳腺细胞HC-11细胞上进行了瞬间表达研究.在转染48 h后,通过双抗体夹心的ELISA方法定量分析上述质粒在HC-11细胞上的表达水平.结果表明,含有内含子Ⅴ的 pTPOD的表达量最高,而含有整个基因组TPO的pTPOE表达水平最低.为了进一步证实pTPOD可在乳腺细胞中高水平表达,将pTPOD经脂质体包埋后注射到泌乳期山羊的乳腺中.结果显示,在山羊乳汁中可连续14 d检测到人TPO的表达.上述实验证实,人TPO基因组中的内含子V可显著提高TPO在HC-11细胞内的表达水平,并提示内含子Ⅴ中可能含有特殊的调控序列.     

表达轮状病毒nsp4基因重组腺病毒的构建与免疫评价

目的：应用非复制腺病毒表达系统构建表达人轮状病毒非结构蛋白4（NSP4）的重组腺病毒,初步评价其免疫保护效果。方法：构建含野生轮状病毒NSP4基因的穿梭质粒pshuttle-NSP4,与腺病毒骨架质粒pAdeasy经同源重组后在Ad-293细胞中包装获得pAd-NSP4重组腺病毒颗粒。电镜、RT-PCR、免疫荧光等方法鉴定病毒特征及在体外细胞中的表达。肌肉注射及滴鼻方式免疫小鼠,检测小鼠血清抗体效价及其中和保护效果。结果：获得了滴度为10^8.25CCID50/ml的重组腺病毒pAd-NSP4,免疫荧光检测到特异性目的蛋白的表达。二次免疫后肌肉注射和滴鼻小鼠的ELISA血清平均效价分别为1：320 和1：1436.8;中和抗体效价1：45.3和1：71.8。结论：表达轮状病毒NSP4蛋白的非复制型重组腺病毒颗粒具有良好的免疫原性。滴鼻途径比肌肉注射可更加有效地诱导小鼠的免疫应答。     

High-level expression of human lactoferrin in the milk of goats by using replication-defective adenoviral vectors

The expression of human lactoferrin in the mammary gland is an attractive approach to diminish its current production cost. Previous attempts to produce lactorferrin in the milk of transgenic animals resulted in very high cost and uncertain results. In this paper, we have directly infused replication-defective adenovirus encoding human lactoferrin cDNA into the mammary gland of goats via the teat canal. In this way, we obtained a high level of expressed human lactoferrin up to 2g/L in the milk of goats. The milk serum was collected from the infected mammary gland 48 h post-infection and subjected to a 10% SDS-PAGE and Western blotting. A approximately 80-kDa protein was visualized after viral vector infection. Our results demonstrate that intraductal injection of recombinant replication-defective adenovirus vectors may provide a very useful tool for large-scale production of recombinant proteins of biopharmaceutical interest.     

Adenoviral vector mediates high expression levels of human lactoferrin in the milk of rabbits

limitations in current technology for generating transgenic animals, such as the time and the expense, hampered its extensive use in recombinant protein production for therapeutic purpose. In this report, we present a simple and less expensive alternative by directly infusing a recombinant adenovirus vector carrying human lactoferrin cDNA into rabbit mammary glands. The milk serum was collected from the infected mammary gland 48 h post-infection and subjected to a 10% SDS-PAGE and Western blotting. An 80-kDa protein was visualized after viral vector infection. With this method, we obtained a high level of expressed human lactoferrin of up to 2.3 mg/ml in the milk. Taken together, the method is useful for the transient high-level expression recombinant proteins, and the approach established here is probably one of the most economical and efficient ways for large-scale production of recombinant proteins of biopharmaceutical interest.     

Adenoviral vector mediates high expression levels of human growth hormone in the milk of mice and goats

The production of large quantities of complex proteins with biopharmaceutical purposes is the main drawback for their more extensive use. Here we demonstrated that a direct instillation of a recombinant adenoviral vector containing an expression cassette for the human growth hormone gene into the mammary gland of mice and goats allowed for the efficient secretion of human growth hormone in the milk. Through this approach we were able to express human growth hormone at maximal levels of 2.8 mg/ml in the milk of mice and up to 0.3 mg/ml in goat milk. We found that the expression levels were closely dependent on both the degree of differentiation of the secretory epithelium and on the adenoviral dose used. Here we demonstrated that the direct transduction of mammary epithelial cells by means of a recombinant adenovirus could be a suitable alternative to transgenic technology for the production of recombinant proteins of biopharmaceutical interest.     

High level expression of recombinant human antithrombin in the mammary gland of rabbits by adenoviral vectors infection

Expression of recombinant pharmaceutical proteins in the mammalian mammary gland is of great interest for the medical industry. This study was designed to express recombinant human antithrombin (rhAT) in the mammary gland of rabbits by adenovirus vectors infection. Replication-defective adenovirus encoding human antithrombin complementary DNA (cDNA) was constructed and directly infused into the mammary gland of rabbits via the teat canal. The milk serum was collected from the infected mammary gland 48?h post-infection and subjected to Western blot analysis, Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and antithrombotic activity assay. In this way, the target protein was verified, and a high expression level of rhAT up to 4.8?g/L was obtained, and antithrombotic activity of the rhAT was not different than that of a standard human antithrombin protein (p?>?0.05). Compared to previous attempts to produce human antithrombin in the mammary gland of transgenic animals or fractionation the plasma of blood donors, the method for rhAT expression we established would reduce production cost and further increase production efficacy.     

Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic assay for the adenovirus type 5 proteome

An RP-HPLC assay was developed for a recombinant adenovirus type 5. During chromatography, intact adenovirus dissociated into its structural components (DNA and proteins) and the viral proteome was separated yielding a characteristic fingerprint. The individual components were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectroscopy, N-terminal sequencing and amino acid composition. The assay was utilized to measure adenovirus particle concentration through quantification of structural proteins. Each structural protein provided independent measurement of virus concentration allowing verification of accuracy. The assay sensitivity is at or below 2·10⁸ particles. Contrary to the benchmark spectrophotometric assay, the RP-HPLC assay was shown to be insensitive to contaminants common for partially purified adenovirus preparations.     

High-level expression of a novel recombinant human plasminogen activator (rhPA) in the milk of transgenic rabbits and its thrombolytic bioactivity in vitro

The human tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) is a key kinase of fibrinolysis that plays an important role in dissolving fibrin clots to promote thrombolysis. The recombinant human plasminogen activator (rhPA) has more thrombolytic advantages than the wild type tPA. To increase the half-life and thrombolytic activity of tPA, a mutant containing only the essential K2 fibrin-binding and P activating plasminogen domains of the wild type tPA was cloned. This fragment was then inserted into goat β-casein regulatory sequences. Then, a mammary gland-specific expression vector, PCL25/rhPA, was constructed, and the transgenic rabbits were generated. In this study, 18 live transgenic founders (12♀, 6♂) were generated using pronuclear microinjection. Six transgenic rabbits were obtained, and the expression levels of rhPA in the milk had a range of 15.2–630 µg/ml. A fibrin agarose plate assay of rhPA showed that it had strong thrombolytic bioactivity in vitro, and the highest specific activity was >360 (360 times more than that of alteplase). The results indicated that the rhPA containing only the K2 and P domains is efficiently expressed with higher thrombolytic bioactivity in the milk of transgenic rabbits. Our study also demonstrated a new method for the large-scale production of clinically relevant recombinant pharmaceutical proteins in the mammary glands of transgenic rabbits.     

表达PRRSV M蛋白重组腺病毒的构建及其免疫特性研究

本研究通过RT-PCR方法扩增猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)S1株的M蛋白基因,将其克隆重组到人 血清5型腺病毒载体中,转染293细胞,制备重组腺病毒rAd-M。RT-PCR和IFA方法鉴定,结果表明rAd-M可表 达M基因的mRNA和M蛋白。纯化的rAd-M重组腺病毒经293细胞连续传25代,滴度稳定为107.8 TCID50／ mL。动物免疫试验结果表明,该重组腺病毒rAd-M能够刺激机体产生PRRSV的特异性抗体免疫和细胞免疫应 答反应,从而为PRRSV结构蛋白功能及其基因工程疫苗研究奠定了基础。     

Altering the Ad5 packaging domain affects the maturation of the Ad particles

We have previously described a new family of mutant adenoviruses carrying different combinations of attB/attP sequences from bacteriophage PhiC31 flanking the Ad5 packaging domain. These novel helper viruses have a significantly delayed viral life cycle and a severe packaging impairment, regardless of the presence of PhiC31 recombinase. Their infectious viral titers are significantly lower (100-1000 fold) than those of control adenovirus at 36 hours post-infection, but allow for efficient packaging of helper-dependent adenovirus. In the present work, we have analyzed which steps of the adenovirus life cycle are altered in attB-helper adenoviruses and investigated whether these viruses can provide the necessary viral proteins in trans. The entry of attB-adenoviral genomes into the cell nucleus early at early timepoints post-infection was not impaired and viral protein expression levels were found to be similar to those of control adenovirus. However, electron microscopy and capsid protein composition analyses revealed that attB-adenoviruses remain at an intermediate state of maturation 36 hours post-infection in comparison to control adenovirus which were fully mature and infective at this time point. Therefore, an additional 20-24 hours were found to be required for the appearance of mature attB-adenovirus. Interestingly, attB-adenovirus assembly and infectivity was restored by inserting a second packaging signal close to the right-end ITR, thus discarding the possibility that the attB-adenovirus genome was retained in a nuclear compartment deleterious for virus assembly. The present study may have substantive implications for helper-dependent adenovirus technology since helper attB-adenovirus allows for preferential packaging of helper-dependent adenovirus genomes.     

串联表达PRRSV M与GP5蛋白重组腺病毒的构建及其免疫特性研究

利用PCR扩增出猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒的M基因,按正确的读码框与GP5基因串联,成功构建穿梭载体pShuttle-CMV-M-GP5,经PCR、测序鉴定正确。PmeⅠ线性化后在BJ5183大肠杆菌内与腺病毒骨架载体pAdEasy-1同源重组,产生重组腺病毒DNA。重组腺病毒DNA经PacⅠ线性化后用脂质体转染HEK-293A细胞,在细胞内包装成完整的腺病毒,通过IFA可以检测到M与GP5串联的重组腺病毒构建成功,可以正确地表达目的蛋白。将构建好的重组腺病毒免疫小鼠,结果表明可以诱导产生较强的体液免疫应答(ELISA抗体和中和抗体)和细胞免疫应答(淋巴细胞增殖和CTL反应)。证明该重组腺病毒具有较好的免疫原性,为下一步猪体免疫试验奠定了基础。