百日咳杆菌粘附素中针对支气管败血波氏杆菌的保护性抗原肽的筛选

【目的】本研究通过百日咳杆菌黏附素(PRN)基因的分段克隆表达及其在BALB/c小鼠的主动和被动免疫保护试验筛选PRN中的保护性抗原肽。【方法和结果】利用大肠杆菌进行PRN的完整蛋白、N端和C端多肽及其RⅠ和RⅡ区域多肽(双拷贝)的表达,命名为GST-PRN、GST-PN、GST-PC、GST-2PRⅠ和GST-2PRⅡ。Westernblot检测证实5种表达产物均具有良好的反应原性。在主动免疫保护试验中,5种表达产物均能诱导小鼠产生较高的PRN抗体水平;当使用3LD50的支气管败血波氏杆菌(Bb)强毒株HH0809进行鼻腔攻击后,GST-2PRⅠ的保护率为66.7%(6/9),其余4者的保护率均为100%(9/9);当使用10LD50的HH0809攻击时,其保护率分别为77.8%(7/9)、33.3%(3/9)、66.7%(6/9)、10%(1/10)和60%(6/10)。在被动免疫保护试验中,当使用10LD50的HH0809进行腹腔攻击时,GST-2PRⅠ抗血清对小鼠的保护率为20%(2/10),其余4者的保护率均为100%(10/10);但经天然PRN吸附后的5种兔抗血清均无任何保护力(0/5)。【结论】本研究表明PRN的N端和C端表达多肽均具有较强的针对Bb的保护力,且C端强于N端;而C端RⅡ区域的保护力也显著强于N端RⅠ区域。     

百日咳杆菌粘附素对猪源支气管败血波氏杆菌的保护性抗原的筛选

摘要：【目的】本研究通过百日咳杆菌黏附素(PRN)基因的分段克隆表达及其在BALB/c小鼠的主动和被动免疫保护试验筛选PRN中的保护性抗原肽。【方法和结果】利用大肠杆菌进行PRN的完整蛋白、N端和C端多肽及其RI和RII区域多肽（双拷贝）的表达,命名为GST-PRN、GST-PN、GST-PC、GST-2PRI和GST-2PRII。Western blot检测证实5种表达产物均具有良好的反应原性。在主动免疫保护试验中,5种表达产物均能诱导小鼠产生较高的PRN抗体水平;当使用3 LD50的支气管败血波氏杆菌     

猪源支气管败血波氏杆菌百日咳杆菌黏附素基因的原核表达及其抗体检测ELISA方法

[目的]以猪源支气管败血波氏杆菌(Bordetella bronchiseptica,Bb)百日咳杆菌黏附素(PRN)基因的原核表达产物为抗原建立检测PRN抗体的间接ELISA方法.[方法和结果]利用谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶(GST)表达系统对PRN基因在大肠杆菌中进行融合表达.SDS-PAGE和Western blot检测证实该基因获得高效表达,产物易于纯化且具有良好的免疫学活性.通过凝血酶酶切GST-PRN并回收,获得不含GST载体蛋白的PRN蛋白片段.以PRN蛋白片段为抗原建立检测天然PRN抗体的间接ELISA方法.该方法对猪巴氏杆菌病等7种常见细菌性疾病阳性血清的检测结果均为阴性,其敏感性比乳胶凝集试验提高4～128倍,能检测到人工感染14 d后的仔猪血清抗体IgG,对临床送检的1,229份猪血清的检测阳性率为32.7%.ELISA方法对阳性猪场的监测结果预示了保育期仔猪的合群导致猪群大量感染支气管败血波氏杆菌.[结论]该方法具有特异性强、敏感性高、重复性好的特点,可用于猪群PRN抗体水平监测和猪波氏菌病流行病学调查.     

嗜水气单胞菌佐剂灭活苗免疫中华鳖抵抗嗜水气单胞菌的致死性感染

通过建立中华鳖浸泡感染模型评价中华鳖嗜水气单胞菌油乳剂灭活疫苗对中华鳖的免疫保护效力。在主动免疫保护试验中,疫苗免疫组中华鳖能产生较高的抗体水平,在使用10×LD50的嗜水气单胞菌T3株进行浸泡攻毒后,保护率为100%(10/10),生理盐水对照组中华鳖的存活率仅为30%(3/10)。在被动免疫保护试验中,疫苗腹腔免疫异育银鲫抗血清能80%(8/10)保护中华鳖抵抗10×LD50的T3株的腹腔接种的攻击,生理盐水对照组中华鳖的存活率为20%(2/10)。研究结果表明嗜水气单胞菌佐剂油乳剂灭活苗具有良好的免疫学原性,可有效预防由嗜水气单胞菌引起的中华鳖红底板和肠道败血症等疾病。     

支气管败血波氏杆菌外膜蛋白的提取及其免疫效果的检测

本研究以小鼠为实验动物模型,研究支气管败血波氏杆菌的外膜蛋白(OMP)和其中的有效保护抗原成分(OMP68)的免疫原性及免疫保护作用.本研究利用改进的Wooldridge的方法提取了支气管败血波氏杆菌P11和P13的OMP,利用SDS-PAGE比较了2株之间差异,采用Western-blotting进行了分析并确定了P13菌株OMP(P13-OMP)中的有效保护性抗原成分,采用电洗脱方法获的分子量为68 kD的P13-OMP有效保护抗原成分(OMP68),然后制备了油乳剂P13的全菌、P13-OMP和OMP68免疫抗原.抗体动态变化:将清洁级小鼠70只随机分成7组,10只/组,用油乳剂P13的全茵和不同剂量的P13-OMP和OMP68免疫抗原分别免疫,采用间接ELISA检测免疫小鼠的相应抗体水平并分析抗体动态变化;主动免疫保护试验:将清洁级小鼠80只随机分成8组,10只/组,分别采用制备的油乳剂P13-OMP(OMP25 μg/只)、OMP68(25 μg/只)和P13菌体免疫抗原在免疫10 d后,分别用100 LD50的P11和P13腹腔攻毒,然后统计保护率并分析免疫原所提供的免疫保护力.免疫P13-OMP和OMP68油乳剂抗原后,7 d时,抗体水平开始逐渐上升,42 d时,抗体水平分别达到215.3和214.8,然后逐渐下降,70 d时,抗体水平分别达到29.1和210.2.主动免疫时,P11和P13攻毒的P13-OMP免疫组分别均得到9/10和9/10的保护,OMP68免疫组分别均得到9/10和10/10的保护,而P13全菌免疫组分别得到4/10和6/10保护,对照组全部死亡.P13-OMP和OMP68抗原均具有良好的免疫原性和免疫保护作用,为支气管败血波氏杆菌OMP亚单位疫苗的研制奠定了良好的理论基础.     

家兔支气管败血波氏杆菌重组百日咳杆菌粘附素（PRN）蛋白的原核表达及其间接ELISA方法的建立

目的表达支气管败血波氏杆菌（Bordetella bronchiseptica,Bb）PRN蛋白,并以此建立检测Bb抗体的间接ELISA方法。方法参照GenBank公布的猪源支气管败血波氏杆菌prn基因序列（AY376325）设计了一对特异性引物,PCR扩增出相应的核苷酸片段。将PCR扩增产物连接至原核表达载体pGEX-4T-1中,以E.coli BL21（DE3）为表达菌株进行诱导表达,以纯化重组蛋白PRN作为诊断抗原,通过探索最佳抗原包被量和抗体血清稀释倍数等,建立检测支气管败血波氏杆菌抗体的间接ELISA方法。结果成功克隆了prn全基因序列,并在E.coliBL21（DE3）中获得高效表达,经SDS-PAGE、Western blot分析显示重组蛋白PRN具有良好的抗原性。应用重组蛋白PRN为抗原建立了检测Bb血清抗体的间接ELISA诊断方法。试验确定重组蛋白PRN抗原的包被浓度为500ng/mL,最适血清稀释度为1∶40。结论建立的ELISA检测方法,不仅为Bb抗体检测提供了实用的血清学检测手段,也为进一步开发Bb检测试剂盒奠定了基础。     

幽门螺杆菌重组蛋白脂质体疫苗免疫保护作用的动物实验研究

探讨幽门螺杆菌重组蛋白脂质体疫苗的免疫预防作用及可能的免疫机制.用逆向蒸发法制备以卵磷脂和胆固醇为膜组分包裹的重组蛋白和/无免疫佐剂的口服疫苗,并用透射电镜测定其粒径.BALB/c小鼠分为6组,分别通过灌胃方法给予PBS、空白脂质体、UreB重组蛋白 CT、脂质体包裹UreB重组蛋白、脂质体包裹UreB重组蛋白和CT、脂质体包裹(UreB Kat CT),每周1次共4次,末次攻击2周再用活幽门螺杆菌(Hp)攻击3次,5周后处死小鼠,行胃组织快速尿素酶试验、Hp的定植半定量、炎症程度及其炎症活动度的评分.RT-PCR检测小鼠脾淋巴细胞中γ-干扰素(INF-γ)和白细胞介素-4(IL-4)表达.脂质体疫苗电镜下负染,显示粒径为(0.7±0.2)μm.PBS组、空白脂质体组、UreB重组蛋白 CT组、脂质体包裹UreB重组蛋白组、脂质体包裹UreB重组蛋白和CT组、脂质体包裹(UreB Kat CT)组的免疫保护率分别为0(0/11)、0(0/11)、58.3%(7/12)、54.5%(6/11)、63.6%(7/11)、75.0%(9/12),UreB重组蛋白 CT组免疫保护率与脂质体包裹UreB重组蛋白组比较无显著性差异(P>0.05),脂质体包裹UreB重组蛋白 CT组免疫保护率与脂质体包裹(UreB Kat CT)组比较有显著性差异(P<0.05).各疫苗组Hp定植评分均明显低于PBS和脂质体对照组(P<0.01),且UreB Kat双价疫苗组较三个单价疫苗组比较也有显著性差异(P<0.05).疫苗组不仅能降低Hp的定植,而且能减轻Hp造成的小鼠胃黏膜的局部慢性炎症反应(P<0.05),但各疫苗组间比较未见显著性差异(P>0.05).Hp攻击后,与对照组比较,各疫苗组脾淋巴细胞INF-γmRNA水平较低(P<0.05),而IL-4mRNA水平则较高(P<0.05),各疫苗组间比较未见显著性差异(P>0.05).研究表明,在小鼠Hp感染模型中脂质体能部分代替霍乱毒素的免疫佐剂作用,在Hp攻击后,未经免疫小鼠体内诱导以Th1为主应答,免疫小鼠体内则诱导以Th2为主的免疫应答.     

季节性流感疫苗对小鼠感染H7N9禽流感病毒的保护效力

目的评价季节性流感裂解疫苗对流感病毒H7N9的免疫保护效力。方法用我国2012~2013年度季节性流感裂解疫苗,以腹腔注射方式免疫BALB/c小鼠,并设PBS免疫模型组,末次免疫14 d后以5 LD50A/Anhui/1(H7N9)进行攻试验。感染后观察记录小鼠临床表现,体重变化,并分别于第2天和第4天每组处死3只小鼠,取肺组织和鼻甲骨测病毒滴度和载量。结果感染后疫苗与模型组小鼠体重下降明显,疫苗组存活率为10%,模型组全部死亡。感染后第4天疫苗组鼻甲骨滴度显著低于模型组。血凝抑制试验及中和实验表明免疫小鼠血清无中和H7N9病毒抗体。结论季节性流感疫苗在小鼠中对于H7N9流感病毒感染无明显保护作用。     

F1-V重组亚单位疫苗对鼠疫耶尔森氏菌141强毒株皮下攻毒保护性的研究

在此实验中, 设计了一种包含2种成分的重组融合蛋白作为疫苗成分来防护鼠疫耶尔森氏菌(Yersinia)可能产生的生物威胁. 重组F1-V蛋白与铝佐剂结合, 分别以10, 20, 50 mg剂量免疫BALB/C小鼠, 周期为2个月. 检测小鼠血清抗体水平和T辅助细胞的亚型. 免疫后小鼠以25~600 LD₅₀剂量的鼠疫耶尔森氏菌141强毒株进行皮下攻毒实验. 结果证明, F1-V重组蛋白在 小鼠体内诱导产生足够保护的免疫应答. 血清IgG水平是产生最终保护力的一个重要因素. 20 μg的免疫剂量可以诱导血清抗体效价高达51200, 使小鼠对400 LD50的鼠疫耶尔森氏菌产生100%的保护. F1-V重组蛋白引发的抗体亚型主要为IgG1类, 说明抗体反应趋向Th2型反应. 流式细胞分析表明, 铝佐剂主要帮助F1-V重组融合蛋白诱导强烈的体液免疫而不是CTL细胞免疫应答.表明F1-V重组亚单位疫苗株有希望成为一种新型的鼠疫疫苗候选株.     

HIV-1 gagpol病毒样颗粒疫苗免疫小鼠的实验研究

目的:为构建含中国流行株HIV*1核心蛋白(gag、pol)基因的病毒样颗粒疫苗(VIP疫苗),并评价其诱导的体液和细胞免疫反应效果.方法:将重组质粒pcDNA3.1/gagpol稳定转染HEK293细胞,上清液经蔗糖垫层超速离心纯化后,用收获的VLP疫苗免疫小鼠,通过ELLSA检测免疫小鼠的特异性抗体和IFN-γ,通过乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)实验检测小鼠特异性细胞毒性T淋巴细胞(CTL)反应.结果:VLP疫苗免疫组小鼠血清的抗HIV-1 gp160抗体滴度和IFN-γ均升高(P<0.01).其特异性CTL活性均高于PBS对照组(P<0.01).结论:构建的VLP疫苗免疫小鼠可以诱导特异性体液和细胞免疫应答,为进一步研制HIV治疗性疫苗奠定基础.     

Protection against lethal subcutaneous challenge of virulent Y. pestis strain 141 using an F1-V subunit vaccine

In this study, we designed and engineered a two-component recombinant fusion protein antigen as a vaccine candidate against the possible biological threat of Yersinia pestis. The recombinant F1-V pro-tein was formulated with Alhydrogel. A four-time injection with a dosage of 10, 20 and 50 μg/mouse in about two months was adopted for vaccination. Serum antibodies and subclass of T helper cells were measured and analyzed. After the final vaccination, the mice were challenged by 141 strain with 25― 600 LD50. In conclusion, the recombinant vaccine was capable of inducing protective immunity against subcutaneous challenge. The level of serum IgG was supposed to be a main factor that affected the final protection of challenge. 20 μg recombinant protein could induce an endpoint titre of serum IgG as high as 51200, which was enough to afford 100% protection against 400 LD50 virulent 141 challenge. The antibody isotype analysis showed that the vaccine induced predominantly an IgG1 rather than IgG2a response. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that Alhydrogel significantly helped induce a stronger humoral immunity instead of CTL cellular response. These findings suggested that the plague F1-V subunit vaccine is promising for the next plague vaccine.     

Protection against lethal subcutaneous challenge of virulent <Emphasis Type="Italic">Y. pestis</Emphasis> strain 141 using an F1-V subunit vaccine

In this study, we designed and engineered a two-component recombinant fusion protein antigen as a vaccine candidate against the possible biological threat of Yersinia pestis. The recombinant F1-V protein was formulated with Alhydrogel. A four-time injection with a dosage of 10, 20 and 50 μg/mouse in about two months was adopted for vaccination. Serum antibodies and subclass of T helper cells were measured and analyzed. After the final vaccination, the mice were challenged by 141 strain with 25–600 LD₅₀. In conclusion, the recombinant vaccine was capable of inducing protective immunity against subcutaneous challenge. The level of serum IgG was supposed to be a main factor that affected the final protection of challenge. 20 μg recombinant protein could induce an endpoint titre of serum IgG as high as 51200, which was enough to afford 100% protection against 400 LD₅₀ virulent 141 challenge. The antibody isotype analysis showed that the vaccine induced predominantly an IgG1 rather than IgG2a response. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that Alhydrogel significantly helped induce a stronger humoral immunity instead of CTL cellular response. These findings suggested that the plague F1-V subunit vaccine is promising for the next plague vaccine.     

The protective properties of the endotoxin protein

The isolation and properties of endotoxin protein, or lipid A-associated protein (LAP), from Shigella sonnei were described earlier (Zh. mikrobiol. epidemiol. immunobiol., 1991, No. 4, pp. 11-17, and No. 7). In this report the data on its protective activity are presented. In experiments on mice one nanogram of LAP injected i. v. protected 50% of the animals against i. p. challenge with 40 LD50 of virulent S. sonnei. Guinea pigs injected s. c. with 10 micrograms of LAP were protected against local (keratoconjunctival) challenge with S. sonnei, the efficiency of immunization being 58%. LAP preparations containing no detectable amounts of O-antigen (less than 0.003%) were found to have a protective effect. Hyperimmune anti-LAP rabbit serum prevented local infection when incubated with S. sonnei challenge inoculum before injection into guinea pigs. Both active and passive protection induced by LAP was specific since no effect was observed in animals challenged with Shigella flexneri. In the homologous system the protective effect of anti-LAP serum was abolished by the addition of protein-free LPS. These results are compatible with the hypothesis that the protective activity of LAP depends on the presence of minute amounts of O-antigen whose immunogenic effect is greatly amplified by the protein component of the natural endotoxin complex.     

Recombinant vaccinia virus/Venezuelan equine encephalitis (VEE) virus protects mice from peripheral VEE virus challenge.

Mice immunized with recombinant vaccinia virus (VACC) expressing Venezuelan equine encephalitis (VEE) virus capsid protein and glycoproteins E1 and E2 or with attenuated VEE TC-83 virus vaccine developed VEE-specific neutralizing antibody and survived intraperitoneal challenge with virulent VEE virus strains including Trinidad donkey (subtype 1AB), P676 (subtype 1C), 3880 (subtype 1D), and Everglades (subtype 2). However, unlike immunization with TC-83 virus, immunization with the recombinant VACC/VEE virus did not protect mice from intranasal challenge with VEE Trinidad donkey virus. These results suggest that recombinant VACC/VEE virus is a vaccine candidate for equines and humans at risk of mosquito-transmitted VEE disease but not for laboratory workers at risk of accidental exposure to aerosol infection with VEE virus.     

Immunogenicity of recombinant Babesia microti hsp70 homologue in mice

A Babesia microti hsp70 homologue was cloned, expressed in a prokaryotic system and tested in a pilot study for protection against lethal challenge. Results showed that 30% of the mice inoculated with recombinant protein (rBm hsp70) survived challenge, while all of the controls died. Evidence of antibody response to the hsp homologue was detected by Western blot analysis, but no protection was imparted through passive transfer of convalescent serum. Passively transferred spleen cells, from mice which survived challenge, also failed to impart protection. The mechanism of partial immunity suggested by these observations remains to be elucidated.     

Complex of recombinant heat shock protein with lipopolysaccharide induces rapid protection of mice against Salmonella typhimurium and avirulent for humans avian influenza virus H5N2

Protective effect of immunization with heat shock protein (HSP) against bacterial and viral infections in mice was studied. Recombinant HSP 70 kDa of Mycobacterium tuberculosis contaminated with lypopolysaccharide (0.185 mcg/ml) was used for experiments. One intraperitoneal injection of 100 or 400 mcg of HSP induced rapid protection against intraperitoneal challen e with 125 LD50 of Salmonella typhimurium (on 3rd-6th day) and against intranasal challenge with 10 LD50 of avirulent for humans avian influenza virus H5N2 (A/ mallard/Pennsylvania/10218/84) (on 5th-8th day). Three daily injections with 10 mcg of HSP induced rapid, significant and long-term protection against S. typhimurium. Immunization with HSP protected 100% of mice during 3 days after the challenge, 50% of immunized animals survived during 21 days (duration of the study). All nonimmunized mice died on 6th day.     

Fermentation, purification, and efficacy of a recombinant vaccine candidate against botulinum neurotoxin type F from Pichia pastoris

A recombinant vaccine candidate was developed that protected mice against botulinum neurotoxin serotype F (BoNTF) intoxication. A synthetic gene encoding BoNTF fragment C (rBoNTF(H(c))) was designed, constructed, and inserted into a plasmid for expression in the yeast Pichia pastoris. A total cell protein content of 2.9 g was obtained per liter of fermentation broth. Recombinant rBoNTF(H(c)) was purified from the soluble yeast extract in two chromatographic steps. The process employed Mono S cation exchange chemistry followed by Alkyl-Superose hydrophobic interaction chromatography, producing material judged to be greater than 98% pure by SDS-PAGE. The recovery of purified product from cell extract was estimated to be greater than 42%, with a yield of 140 mg/kg of cell paste. rBoNTF(H(c)) was also purified from the insoluble fraction of the yeast cell lysate. Because the fragment C in the pellet was 35% of the total insoluble protein, only a Mono S cation exchange chromatography step was necessary to achieve a purity greater than 98%. Mice that received three injections of 0.2 microgram of purified soluble rBoNTF(H(c)) were completely protected when challenged with 1000 mouse ip LD(50) of BoNTF toxin. Similarly, three doses of 1 microgram of purified resolubilized rBoNTF(H(c)) completely protected mice from a challenge of 5000 mouse ip LD(50) of BoNTF toxin. Individual serum antibody ELISA titers of mice injected with soluble rBoNTF(H(c)) correlated with survival as all 34 mice with ELISA titers of 100 or greater survived toxin challenge. The work presented here demonstrates that purified rBoNTF(H(c)) is able to protect against a high challenge dose of neurotoxin.