口服福氏2a和宋内氏痢疾双价活菌苗FS人群粪抗体检测

本文测试了经三剂（共１×１０１１ｃｆｕ）ＦＳ双价活菌苗口服免疫的１６３名中学生免前及免后１、３和６个月时特异性ｓＩｇＡ粪抗体水平。结果发现,服苗后半年内,分别有７１％和７７．９％的免疫人群特异性抗福氏２ａ和抗宋内氏ｓＩｇＡ有四倍以上升高,且有８２．９％的人群粪便中,两种抗体的应答状况表现一致,说明该菌苗具有良好的免疫原性,并具有双价菌苗的免疫学特性。     

铜绿假单胞菌6型O-特异性多糖与破伤风类毒素结合物免疫原性研究

目的研制有效防治铜绿假单胞菌感染的疫苗。方法用热酚水法提取铜绿假单胞菌6型(IATS 6)菌株的脂多糖(LPS),去除类脂A并纯化O-特异性多糖(O-SP),用CDAP活化O-SP,己二酸二肼作连接臂,在EDAC作用下,与破伤风类毒素结合制备出O-SP-TT结合物并对该结合物进行小鼠免疫原性试验和免疫保护性试验。结果制备的结合物在小鼠免疫原性试验中,产生了高效价的IgG抗体,与O-SP试验组相比,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);免疫保护性试验表明,结合物免疫小鼠能很好的保护5～10 LD50活菌的腹腔攻击。结论该结合物有望成为防治IATS 6型铜绿假单胞菌感染的有效疫苗。     

森林脑炎减毒活疫苗的研究I．毒株的选育

为了提高病毒在神经外组织的繁殖能力和增强其免疫原性,将Co乳鼠变异株于小白鼠、睬鼠和金黄地鼠进行了连续传代适应。选育出的减毒株其对嗜神经性毒力显著减弱,当脑腔接种于地鼠和恒河猴时不能引起致病或死亡,同时在中枢神经系统亦检查不到严重的组织学病变。减毒株保留对小白鼠脑腔的残余毒力和原株的抗原性。从对小白鼠的毒力上可认为本系减毒株和其它所报告的减毒株相似。     

宋内氏福氏2a双价志贺氏菌芳香族氨基酸营养缺陷型减毒株的研究:Ⅰ.减毒株的构建

FS54是本室构建的宋内氏福氏2a双价志贺氏菌杂交株,有与志贺氏菌毒株相同的毒力。本研究通过遗传重组技术,给FS54株引入了aroD基因的转座子Tn10插入失活物(aroD∶∶Tn10),构建了FS54株的芳香族氨基酸营养缺陷型减毒株,并进一步去除了Tn10所携带的四环素抗性和宋内氏Ⅰ相大质粒(pSS120∶∶Tn5)上Tn5所携带的卡那霉素抗性,得到了宋内氏福氏2a双价志贺氏菌芳香族氨基酸营养缺陷型减毒株FS54—7b。     

狂犬病病毒糖蛋白的杆状病毒表达及其免疫原性研究

构建表达狂犬病病毒SRV9株糖蛋白(GP)的重组杆状病毒,评价其表达出的SRV9株糖蛋白对小鼠免疫效果。将狂犬病病毒SRV9株GP基因的完整开放阅读框克隆入穿梭质粒Bacmid中,构建重组穿梭质粒Bacmid-G,以此转染Sf9细胞。对病变细胞培养物进行电镜观察,获得正确重组杆状病毒后,通过Western-blot、IFA及小鼠免疫实验鉴定表达产物的免疫反应性及免疫原性。正确构建重组穿梭质粒Bacmid-G;获得表达SRV9株糖蛋白的重组杆状病毒,其表达产物具有良好免疫原性;表达产物接种小鼠可诱导其产生抗狂犬病病毒中和抗体,中和抗体达到保护水平的比例为100%。本实验所获得的重组杆状病毒表达出的SRV9株糖蛋白具有较好的免疫原性,可诱导小鼠产生保护性中和抗体,该实验为进一步开发狂犬病亚单位疫苗奠定了基础。     

奈瑟氏脑膜炎球菌铁调蛋白性质的研究

由于Ｂ群脑膜炎奈瑟氏球菌的荚膜多糖成份不能提供有效的免疫保护力,人们把希望寄托在脑膜炎球菌的蛋白成份上。目前人们对该菌在限铁环境中表达的一类新的蛋白成份—铁调蛋白研究较多。铁调蛋白已知有６类：ＦｅＲＰ－７０铁结合蛋白,转铁结合蛋白１（ＴＢＰ１）,转铁结合蛋白２（ＴＢＰ２）,乳铁结合蛋白及血红素结合蛋白。其中研究比较清楚的是ＦｅＲＰ－７０及ＴＢＰ１、ＴＢＰ２。ＴＢＰ１是跨膜蛋白,部分暴露于细胞表面。ＴＢＰ２是外膜蛋白,由Ｎ末端的类脂尾巴锚合在膜上。二者均为脑膜炎球菌铁吸收所必需。ＴＢＦ１及ＴＢＰ２在分离层析时往往以复合体的形式一同被纯化,该复合体能诱导保护性抗体的产生,并能提供一定的保护力。进一步的实验证实了ＴＢＰ２的免疫原性。ＦｅＲＰ－７０也为铁吸收所必需,并有菌株特异的抗原保护性。ＴＢＰ１、ＴＢＰ２、ＦｅＲｐ－７０及其它一些胞内蛋白有机组成了脑膜炎球菌的一条吸收铁的路径,而ＴＢＰ２则有希望成为脑膜炎球菌的新型菌苗抗原成份。     

轮状病毒VP4*高聚体的制备及其免疫保护性评价

在前期工作中发现,截短的轮状病毒VP4~*蛋白(aa26–476)在大肠杆菌中能够以可溶形式表达,且在小鼠模型中具有较高的免疫原性和免疫保护性。本研究通过颗粒化进一步提高VP4~*蛋白的免疫保护性。通过37℃水浴加热处理24h使VP4~*蛋白多聚化,通过高效液相色谱、透射电镜、分析超离等分析VP4~*蛋白颗粒化程度,通过酶联免疫吸附试验分析颗粒化对VP4~*蛋白与中和抗体反应性的影响;通过差示量热法分析VP4~*高聚体的热稳定性;最后,通过小鼠母传抗体模型研究颗粒化对VP4~*免疫原性和免疫保护性的影响。结果表明,VP4~*蛋白高聚体结构均一,并且相比三聚体,具有更高热稳定性和中和抗体结合活性;在内毒素20 EU/mg的条件下,与铝佐剂混合,刺激小鼠产生更高滴度的中和抗体;对轮状病毒导致的腹泻具有更高的免疫保护性。综上所述,VP4~*高聚体的研究为轮状病毒基因工程亚单位疫苗的研制提供了更广阔的思路。     

固有免疫学的研究进展及其对研制新型免疫佐剂的启示

近年来,亚单位疫苗、DNA重组疫苗、合成肽疫苗等新型疫苗不断涌现,这些疫苗纯度高、特异性强。但其分子小,免疫原性较差,难以诱导机体产生有效的免疫应答,需添加佐剂来增强其免疫原性或增强宿主对抗原的保护性应答。免疫学的研究阐明了固有免疫如何调节适应性免疫。随着固有免疫学的发展和生化技术的提高,开发特异性更强、生物安全性更高的免疫佐剂越来越受到重视。对佐剂的分类、作用机理,固有免疫学的研究进展进行了综述,并就未来发展趋势提出自己的观点,为临床应用和进一步研制高效、低毒的免疫佐剂提供了参考。     

鱼类革兰氏阴性病原菌外膜蛋白疫苗的研究进展

鱼类细菌性感染作为十分常见且危害严重的一类水产病害,严重阻碍了我国水产养殖业的发展,同时也造成了巨大经济损失,而免疫防治作为一种安全有效的防治方法,正逐步受到人们的关注。外膜蛋白作为革兰氏阴性菌外膜的主要组成成分,不仅在维持细菌正常生命活动中发挥着重要作用,同时具有较强的免疫原性及交叉免疫原性,可以作为潜在的免疫保护性抗原,在渔用疫苗的研发中具有广阔的应用前景。该文介绍了鱼类病原菌外膜蛋白的结构组成、种类功能、免疫原性等基本特性,对外膜蛋白在亚单位疫苗、DNA疫苗、多价多联疫苗及活载体疫苗等渔用疫苗中的应用进行了论述,并从疫苗佐剂应用及铁离子相关外膜蛋白研究等方面展开讨论,以期为外膜蛋白渔用疫苗研发提供参考。     

甲型H1N1流感病毒佐剂疫苗小鼠免疫效果

为了探讨甲型H1N1流感病毒氢氧化铝佐剂疫苗对小鼠的免疫作用及对小鼠繁殖性能的影响,以不同剂量、不同免疫程序免疫小鼠后定期采血;用血凝抑制(HI)方法检测血清H1N1流感病毒HI抗体滴度,观察H1N1流感病毒佐剂疫苗对小鼠受孕、产仔、哺乳的影响;比较孕鼠及非孕鼠的抗体滴度,免疫后孕鼠所产仔鼠的体重及H1N1胎传抗体水平。结果显示,以0.5μg组开始的不同剂量、不同免疫程序均可使小鼠产生90倍以上水平的H1N1流感病毒抗体;免疫后的小鼠不影响受孕、产仔及哺乳;仔鼠保护性抗体可持续1个月以上。H1N1流感病毒佐剂疫苗是一种高免疫原性的制剂,用低剂量免疫,即可产生90倍以上持续时间较长的保护性抗体。这种佐剂疫苗对小鼠的繁殖性能无明显影响,免疫产生的抗体经胎盘可垂直传递给仔鼠。     

稳定、无抗药的痢疾福氏2a和宋内双价菌苗候选株的构建

通过体内外基因重组,将大肠杆菌粘附因子cs3基因定位整合到痢疾杆菌福氏2a疫苗株T32菌染色体的asd基因内,使asd基因灭活;将来内O抗原基因克隆至无抗药性表达载体pXL378,获得重组质粒pXL390,将其转化asd-的T32受体菌,构建成福氏2a和宋内双价苗苗株FS01。实验表明:重组质粒pXL390在不带任何抗菌素基因的情况下,在asd-的T32受体菌内是稳定的。FS01株遗传稳定,能表达两种痢疾菌的PLS-O抗原,无明显毒性作用。动物试验表明,以FS01株皮下免疫的小鼠对福氏2a和宋内有毒株的腹腔攻击有100％的保护。     

Protection of monkeys against experimental shigellosis with a living attenuated oral polyvalent dysentery vaccine

Formal, Samuel B. (Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Washington, D.C.), T. H. Kent, H. C. May, A. Palmer, and E. H. LaBrec. Protection of monkeys against experimental challenge with a living attenuated oral polyvalent dysentery vaccine. J. Bacteriol. 91:17-22. 1966.-Virulent strains of Shigella flexneri 1b, S. flexneri 3, and S. sonnei I were mated with an Hfr strain of Escherichia coli K-12, and hybrids were selected for the xylose marker. One hybrid strain of each of the serotypes was chosen for study of their biological characteristics. Their capacity to cause a fatal enteric infection in starved guinea pigs was reduced, they failed to cause dysentery when fed to monkeys, they caused keratoconjunctivitis in the guinea pig eye, and they penetrated HeLa cells. Two doses of a polyvalent oral vaccine composed of S. flexneri 1b, 2a, and 3, and S. sonnei I hybrid strains were fed to groups of monkeys at an interval of 4 to 7 days, and they, together with controls, were challenged 10 days after the last dose with one or another of the virulent parent dysentery strains. A significant degree of protection was afforded in all vaccinated groups with the exception of one group challenged with S. flexneri 6, a component not included in the vaccine. When animals were challenged with virulent S. flexneri 2a 1 month after oral vaccination, they were also protected. The vaccine produced a rise in serum antibody, but we were not able to detect coproantibody in saline extracts of feces from animals which received the vaccine.     

Construction of a trivalent candidate vaccine against Shigella species with DNA recombination

In this work asd gene of Shigella flexneri 2a strain T32 was replaced by Vibrio cholerae toxin B subunit (ctxB) gene with DNA recombination in vivo and in vitro. The resulting derivative of T32, designed as FWL01, could stably express CtxB, but its growth in LB medium depended on the presence of diaminopimelic acid (DAP). Then form I plasmid of Shigella sonnei strain S7 was labeled with strain T32 asd gene and mobilized into FWL01. Thus a trivalent candidate oral vaccine strain, designed as FSW01, was constructed. In this candidate strain, a balanced-lethal system was constituted between the host strain and the form I plasmid expressing S, sonnei O antigen. Therefore the candidate strain can express stably not only its own O antigen but also CtxB and O antigen of S. sonnei in the absence of any antibiotic. Experiments showed that FSW01 did not invade HeLa cells or cause keratoconjunctivitis in guinea pigs. However, rabbits immunized FSW01 can elicit significant immune responses. In mice and rhesus monkey     

宋内Ⅰ相抗原和霍乱CT-B共表达的免疫保护效果观察

将编码宋内氏痢疾菌(Shigella sonnei)I相O抗原的基因和霍乱弧菌(Vibrio choler-ae)的CT-B基因克隆至带asd基因的质粒PYA248,得重组质粒PMGL105。将该重组质粒转入asd基因缺失的减毒伤寒沙门氏菌X4072,构成了一个不带抗药性基因的载体-宿主平衡致死系统。一系列实验表明,该重组菌X4072(PMGL105)能稳定地表达宋内I相O抗原和霍乱弧菌的CT-B抗原。小鼠免疫保护实验表明,该重组菌对有毒的宋内氏I相痢疾杆菌及霍乱弧菌的攻击均具有良好保护作用。     

Genetic and physical characterization of trimethoprim resistance plasmids from Shigella sonnei and Shigella flexneri

Analysis of six Shigella flexneri and four S. sonnei isolates with trimethoprim (Tp) resistance from clinical cases in Ontario has shown that, in all isolates, the Tp resistance is mediated by gene(s) on conjugative, multiple antibiotic-resistance plasmids. The physical and genetic characterization of these plasmids revealed that there are three different Tp resistance plasmids. One group, composed of all six S. flexneri plasmids, consists of plasmids which are about 70 megadaltons (MDa) and inhibit the fertility of an Escherichia coli Hfr strain (Fi+). A representative member of this group, pPT4, demonstrates a weak incompatibility reaction with IncFl plasmid R455-2. Another group, three of the four S. sonnei plasmids, contains plasmids which are about 43 MDa, Fi-, and mediate propagation of phage PRD1. The third group, the remaining S. sonnei plasmid, is 53 MDa, fi+, mediates propagation of phages fd and MS2, and is incompatible with IncFII plasmid R100. These plasmids also have been differentiated by restriction endonuclease fragment profiles. Analysis of pPT4 has revealed that the Tp resistance of this plasmid is transposable. The transposon, Tn536, is different from previously described Tp resistance transposons; it is 16 MDa, and in addition to Tp, it encodes resistance to mercuric chloride ions, spectinomycin, streptomycin, and sulfonamides.     

宋内Ⅰ相O抗原及霍乱毒素B亚基在福氏2a痢疾菌中的表达及其免疫保护效果的观察

本文利用基因重组的方法,将宋内Ｉ相Ｏ抗原基因以及霍乱毒素Ｂ亚单位基因（ｃｔｘ－Ｂ）克隆至带链球菌的ａｓｄ基因的表达载体,然后转化至ａｓｄ－痢疾菌苗株福氏２ａＴ３２。脂多糖银染以及Ｗｅｓｔｅｒｎｂｌｏｔｔｉｎｇ实验证实以上两基因都能在宿主菌中稳定表达。动物（小白鼠）保护实验表明,该重组菌对福氏２ａ、宋内氏痢疾菌的保护效率达１００％,对霍乱弧菌的保护效率也达７０％。该菌具有稳定、无抗生素标记、多价的特点。     

志贺菌福氏2a信号标签诱变突变体文库的构建

以合成的单链序列特异性标签为模板,通过PCR得到双链DNA标签并将其克隆到自杀质粒pUT-Tn5 Km2的转座子中,转化大肠杆菌S17-1λpir;然后用经转化的S17-1λpir与福氏志贺菌2a 2457T交配,挑出对氨苄青霉素敏感,对卡那霉素和萘啶酮酸抗性的菌落,结果表明构建了包含4376个福氏志贺菌突变体信号标签诱变库,为进一步鉴定该病原体的毒力基因打下了基础。     

福氏2a志贺氏菌△aroA突变减毒株的构建

志贺氏菌芳香族氨基酸合成酶基因缺陷能够使菌体明显减毒,并有可能成为新一代痢疾疫苗．用ＰＣＲ技术从野生型福氏２ａ志贺氏菌２４５７Ｔ中克隆出ａｒｏＡ基因,在体外进行精确的缺失突变,并通过体内同源重组,构建成△ａｒｏＡ突变体ＲＳ４２６．实验结果表明,这种突变体仍保持了侵袭能力和保护性Ｏ抗原的表达,但其毒力已明显降低,不能产生豚鼠角结膜炎,小鼠半数致死量明显提高．免疫保护试验显示,ＲＳ４２６可在小鼠中产生对福氏２ａ野生菌１００％的保护作用．     

弗氏志贺菌毒力大质粒导入大肠杆菌MG1655

目的:将弗氏2a志贺菌2457T的毒力大质粒pSF导入大肠杆菌MG1655。方法:通过诱动转移技术,将弗氏2a志贺菌2457T的毒力大质粒导入大肠杆菌MG1655。结果:构建了MG1655/pSF:pXL275-virG的毒力大质粒导入突变株,双向电泳初步比较分析表明在重组MG1655中有志贺菌毒力的表达。结论:成功地将弗氏2a志贺菌2457T毒力大质粒pSF导入了大肠杆菌MG1655。     

Frequency of IS1-mediated molecular events in different members of the family Enterobacteriaceae.

The numbers of chromosomal copies of the insertion sequence IS1 in strains of Salmonella typhimurium (0 to 8 copies), Shigella sonnei (56 copies), and Shigella flexneri (41 copies) isolated in Mexico City, Mexico, were similar to those reported for these genera isolated in other countries. Of the 11 Shigella strains studied, all carried several small plasmids; however, in only one of these strains did a small plasmid contain IS1, IS1 recombination, cointegrate formation mediated by IS1 or by the IS1-flanked transposon Tn9, and transposition of Tn9 occurred at a higher frequency in S. typhimurium than in either Escherichia coli or S. sonnei strains. The frequencies of IS1 recombination in S. typhimurium strains containing either zero or eight copies of IS1 were similar.