黑色素皮质素受体激动剂的高通量筛选模型研究

为了建立黑色素皮质素受体（MC4R）激动剂的高通量筛选方法,将人的MC4R基因质粒（hMC4R/pCDNA3.1）与报告基因质粒（3×CRE/3×MRE/SRE-LUC）按1∶5的比例共转染到HEK293细胞,通过G418筛选,建立了稳定的MC4R激动剂筛选细胞株.利用MC4R内源激动剂α-MSH探索和优化了每孔接种细胞数目、激动剂孵育时间、溶剂DMSO终浓度、荧光素酶底物浓度等筛选条件,建立了可靠的筛选方法.实验表明：当细胞数目为4×10⁴个/孔,激动剂孵育时间为8 h,每孔DMSO终浓度小于1％和α-MSH终浓度为1 μmol/L时,系统Z'-因子接近0.7,能够用于MC4R激动剂的高通量筛选.     

组胺H1受体拮抗剂高通量筛选模型的建立及应用

组胺H1受体拮抗剂被用于治疗某些过敏性疾病,如鼻炎、荨麻疹和过敏性皮炎。本文采用无标记细胞整合药理学技术建立了组胺H1受体拮抗剂高通量筛选模型。应用基于共振波导光栅的动态质量重置分析方法检测了已知的激动剂和拮抗剂作用于A431细胞上内源性H1受体后所产生的特征信号,获取特征信号谱,建立组胺H1受体拮抗剂筛选模型。进而应用此模型筛选了32个天然产物对组胺H1受体的拮抗活性。结果表明,无标记DMR分析适合于H1受体拮抗剂的高通量筛选;在筛选的32个化合物中,从亚贡中分离得到的内酯类化合物为活性较强的拮抗剂。上述结果表明,无标记DMR分析可能成为组胺H1受体拮抗剂发现的新方法。     

H3受体在5-羟色胺诱导大鼠瘙痒初级传入通路中作用

目的观察H3受体激动剂（R-α-甲基组胺）和拮抗剂（噻普酰胺）对5-羟色胺（5-HT）诱导大鼠搔抓行为的影响,并探讨H3受体在大鼠瘙痒初级传入通路中的作用。方法29只SD大鼠随机分为4组,分别在颈背部皮内注射生理盐水（生理盐水组）、2%5-HT（5-HT组）、R-α-甲基组胺＋5-HT（甲基组胺组）、噻普酰胺＋5-HT（噻普酰胺组）,摄像并计数注射后1 h内搔抓次数。取大鼠C3-C5及其相应节段的背根神经节（DRG）作H3R免疫组化染色。结果5-HT组大鼠的搔抓次数明显多于生理盐水组（P〈0.01）,而R-α-甲基组胺或噻普酰胺预处理可分别减少或增加大鼠搔抓次数（P〈0.01）。5-HT组大鼠脊髓后角浅层中H3受体表达与生理盐水组相比差异无显著性（P〉0.05）,而R-α-甲基组胺或噻普酰胺预处理可分别减少或增加H3受体表达（P〈0.01-0.05）。各组动物DRG内,H3受体阳性中、小型神经细胞的比值差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论在5-HT诱导大鼠急性瘙痒模型中,脊髓背角胶状质区内H3受体激活可减弱瘙痒,但DRG内中、小型神经细胞上H3受体表达可能不参与瘙痒信号的传导。     

组胺受体家族新成员:组胺H4受体

组胺H4受体是最近在基因库内筛选寻找新的G蛋白偶联受体时发现的,其cDNA序列与组胺H1、H2受体的同源性很低,与组胺H3受体有很高的同源性。很多组胺受体的配体与组胺H4受体有亲和性,但该受体表现出独特的药理学性质。组胺H4受体激动后可影响细胞内Ca^2 浓度和cAMP的生成,推测其与Gi或Go蛋白相偶联。组胺H4受体主要分布于骨髓、肺、脾脏、小肠和中枢,可能与机体的免疫反应和精神活动有关。     

雄激素受体激动剂与拮抗剂高通量筛选细胞模型的构建

有效的雄激素受体(androgen receptor,AR)激动剂与拮抗剂,可上调或下调雄激素受体刺激反应,起到治疗相关疾病的作用。高通量细胞筛选模型的建立,可扩大AR激动剂与拮抗剂筛选范围,加快筛选速度。本研究通过构建人雄激素受体表达重组质粒pcDNA 3.1-h AR,并与受雄激素效应元件调控的报告基因质粒MMTV-LTR-Luc F-R共转染人胚胎肾细胞293T,构建基于双荧光素酶报告基因的AR激动剂与拮抗剂筛选高通量细胞模型。AR激动剂5α-双氢睾酮可诱导该细胞模型荧光素酶的产生,AR拮抗剂尼鲁他明可拮抗5α-DHT的刺激作用,糖皮质激素受体激动剂地塞米松对细胞模型荧光素酶的产生无作用。     

人apoA-Ⅰ基因启动子转录上调剂筛选系统的建立与应用

PCR扩增含有apoA-Ⅰ基因的转录调控序列的启动子片断（376 bp）,克隆入含有荧光素酶报告基因和新霉素抗性基因的pGL3B-neo载体中,构成受apoA-Ⅰ启动子调控的重组报告基因质粒pGL3B-neo：：apo,稳定转染人肝癌细胞株HepG2。通过细胞有限稀释法筛选稳定表达荧光素酶活性的细胞株SAPOA-Ⅰ。经apoA-Ⅰ转录调控因子PPARα激动剂的鉴定和细胞接种密度、溶剂使用浓度等条件的优化,成功建立了靶向apoA-Ⅰ基因启动子转录活性的报告基因筛选体系。应用该体系对400多种降脂中药提取物进行筛选,泽泻、罗布麻叶、山楂等提取物显示出较好的上调活性,与文献报道采用动物模型研究的结果一致。     

组胺H4受体在胃腺癌组织中的表达及临床意义

目的：研究胃癌腺癌（gastric adenocarcinoma,GAC）中组胺H4受体的表达水平及其临床意义。方法：60例GAC组织（病例组）与配对癌旁组织（adjacent normal tissue,ANT）中应用免疫组织化学技术检测组胺H4受体的表达,应用实时荧光定量RT-PCR方法检测组胺H4受体mRNA的表达,统计分析组胺H4受体表达与临床病理特征之间的关系。结果：①胃腺癌组织中组胺H4受体蛋白的阳性表达率（11.7%）显著低于癌旁正常组织（96.7%）。②胃腺癌组织中组胺H4受体mRNA水平较癌旁组织明显降低（p〈0.001）。③组胺H4受体蛋白和mRNA表达异常和肿瘤的病理分级有相关性（p=0.0027和p=0.0011）,也与有无胃周淋巴结转移有关（p〈0.001和p=0.0049）。结论：组胺H4受体在胃腺癌组织有表达异常,表达量与病理分期相关。组胺H4受体表达异常和组胺水平紊乱可能在胃癌发生发展过程中有重要作用。     

靶向IRE1/XBP1信号通路的细胞水平高通量筛选模型建立

目的:建立基于细胞水平的inositol-requiring 1/X-box-binding protein 1 (IRE1/XBP1)信号通路高通量筛选模型,用于发现新型IRE1/XBP1信号通路抑制剂。方法:构建pCAX-F-XBP1△DBD-luciferase质粒,并与pcDNA3.1质粒共转人胚肾细胞HEK293,G418抗性筛选获得多个稳定表达荧光素酶的单克隆。结果:首先利用内质网应激诱导剂衣霉素(tunicamycin,TM)考察单克隆对内质网应激反应的敏感性,确定6#单克隆用于后续研究;其次对细胞接种量、溶剂DMSO终浓度和TM的作用浓度与孵育时间等条件进行优化,最终确定高通量筛选模型条件, Z'因子达到0.62;最后对包含多个激酶抑制剂在内的449个化合物进行筛选,发现27个潜在的IRE1/XBP1抑制剂,其中MG132、Sunitinib和Staurosporine的IC50分别为6.61(±1.51)μmol/L、6.25(±0.36)μmol/L和48(±8)nmol/L。结论:成功建立有效靶向IRE1/XBP1信号通路的高通量药物筛选模型,为基于IRE1/XBP1信号通路为靶点的药物发现奠定坚实基础。     

以EV71 3Cpro为靶标的抗病毒药物筛选模型的建立及抗3Cpro化合物筛选

建立一种以EV71 3C蛋白酶为靶标的抗肠病毒药物筛选模型,并应用于小分子化合物库筛选具有抗EV71活性的化合物.从临床手足口病例标本中分离肠道病毒进行PCR鉴定及基因组测序.通过插入突变在黄色荧光YFP编码框合适位点处引入EV71 3C酶切位点,构建对3C蛋白酶敏感的报告质粒pc DNA3-m YFP,然后将其与表达3C的质粒共转293A细胞,在3C抑制剂Rupintrivir存在与否的情况下通过荧光显微镜和酶标仪检测Ex(500nm)/Em(535nm)荧光信号的变化,判断建模是否成功;利用建好的筛选模型在高通量药物筛选平台对小分子化合物库进行初筛和复筛;再利用空斑分析检测筛选出的活性化合物是否对临床分离的EV71毒株具有抑制作用.m YFP在293A细胞中表达良好,3C的表达使荧光信号下降80%,Rupintrivir的存在则几乎不影响荧光表达,说明以3C为靶位的筛选模型构建成功.经过高通量初筛和复筛从26 000多种小分子化合物中获得26种能够显著回复m YFP表达的活性化合物;空斑分析显示其中2种化合物具有较为明显的抑制EV71复制的活性.因此,我们所构建的3C-m YFP共表达系统是一种简便有效的、可用于高通量筛选抗EV71 3C~(pro)药物的筛选模型.     

组胺H3受体研究进展

组胺H3受体作为突触前自身受体和异身受体,广泛分布于中枢和外周组织,抑制组胺的释放和合成,调节多种神经递质的释放,组胺H3受体是G蛋白偶联受体家族成员,激活后由G蛋白介导,通过调控N型Ca^2 通道,产生生物学效应,组胺H3受体在中枢和外周器官有着重要的生理功能,对心功能,胃酸分泌,觉醒的睡眠,认知和记忆,惊厥抽搐等都有调节作用。     

法尼醇X受体激动剂细胞筛选体系的建立与优化

本研究旨在建立一种基于双荧光素酶报告基因检测体系的法尼醇X受体(farnesoid X receptor, FXR)激动剂细胞筛选体系,以满足对FXR激动剂先导化合物的高通量筛选。通过在报告基因质粒pGL4-luc2P-Hygro中的萤火虫荧光素酶(firefly luciferase,Luc)基因上游克隆并插入来自FXR靶基因的FXR反应元件(FXR response element,FXRE)片段,构建用于筛选FXR激动剂的报告基因质粒,并结合海肾荧光素酶内参质粒,建立能够有效反映药物对FXR激动效应的双荧光素酶报告基因细胞检测体系。通过一系列优化实验,比较了过表达RXR、鼠源和人源FXR、不同的FXRE片段、FXR过表达质粒与报告基因质粒的混合比对筛选体系诱导效率和灵敏度的影响。根据上述结果,最终确定了优化条件,优化后体系Z因子达到0.83。本研究建立了一种用于FXR激动剂筛选的改良的基于双荧光素酶报告基因检测体系的细胞筛选体系,其主要特征在于,使用多段FXR靶基因上的FXRE片段叠加组成一种新型的增强型FXRE元件,而非传统的反向重复序列-1 (inverted repeats...     

Identification and Characterization of ZEL-H16 as a Novel Agonist of the Histamine H(3) Receptor

The histamine H3 receptor (H3R) has been recognized as a promising target for the treatment of various central and peripheral nervous system diseases. In this study, a non-imidazole compound, ZEL-H16, was identified as a novel histamine H3 receptor agonist. ZEL-H16 was found to bind to human H3R with a Ki value of approximately 2.07 nM and 4.36 nM to rat H3R. Further characterization indicated that ZEL-H16 behaved as a partial agonist on the inhibition of forskolin-stimulated cAMP accumulation (the efficacy was 60% of that of histamine) and activation of ERK1/2 signaling (the efficacy was 50% of that of histamine) at H3 receptors, but acted as a full agonist just like histamin in the guinea-pig ileum contraction assay. These effects were blocked by pertussis toxin and H3 receptor specific antagonist thioperamide. ZEL-H16 showed no agonist or antagonist activities at the cloned human histamine H1, H2, and H4 receptors and other biogenic amine GPCRs in the CRE-driven reporter assay. Furthermore, our present data demonstrated that treatment of ZEL-H16 resulted in intensive H3 receptor internalization and delayed recycling to the cell surface as compared to that of control with treatment of histamine. Thus, ZEL-H16 is a novel and potent nonimidazole agonist of H3R, which might serve as a pharmacological tool for future investigations or as possible therapeutic agent of H3R.     

代谢型谷氨酸受体5亚型高通量筛选模型的建立

目的: 利用荧光测钙的方法,建立了人源代谢型谷氨酸受体5亚型(mGluR5)的高通量筛选模型。方法: 通过基因合成得到mGluR5的ORF区域,并将其构建到pCNDA3.1真核表达载体上。将此重组质粒转染HEK293细胞,利用抗生素筛选和钙流检测方法得到稳定表达mGluR5的重组细胞株。结果: 对试验条件:接种密度,孵育时间,溶剂DMSO浓度进行了优化,建立了稳定可靠的实验系统。并使用该受体特异激动剂和拮抗剂进行了功能验证,其中激动剂EC50 L-Quisqualic acid(67.8nmol/L) > L-Glu(2.73μmol/L),抑制剂IC50 MTEP(3.3nmol/L) > Fenobam(23.5nmol/L)系统Z因子为0.68,证明建立了一个人源mGluR5抑制剂的细胞筛选模型。利用此重组细胞株对360种化合物进行了筛选,找到了若干对mGluR5有抑制效果的化合物。结论: 此细胞模型适用于mGluR5抑制剂的高通量筛选。     

Development of a functional reporter gene HTS assay for the identification of mGluR7 modulators

For the identification of modulators of the metabotropic glutamate receptor mGluR7, a functional cell-based high throughput screening (HTS) assay was developed. This assay utilizes the signal transduction pathway of mGluR7, which is negatively coupled to adenylyl cyclase. A cAMP-responsive luciferase reporter gene and rat mGluR7 cDNA were cotransfected into CHO-K1 cells by electroporation. Stable recombinant cells were selected by resistance to the antibiotic G418. Functional selection was carried out by analyzing the effect of the agonist glutamate to reduce elevated cAMP levels after forskolin stimulation. Out of 83 G418-resistant cell clones, the clone with the best functional characteristics was selected. This clone displayed the strongest reduction of forskolin-stimulated cAMP levels. Glutamate (10 mM) decreased cAMP levels, as monitored by luciferase expression, by about 50%, and the more potent agonist L-2-amino-4-phosphonobutyrate resulted in nearly complete reduction, exhibiting an EC(50) of 0.9 mM. The functional response of the clone did not change during cell passages, indicating the stability of this novel recombinant cell line. The luciferase reporter gene assay, which allows easy nonradioactive luminescence detection of mGluR7 activity, was optimized for its application in automated HTS.     

Ecdysone-inducible foreign gene expression in stably-transformed lepidopteran insect cells

Cultured cell lines that can be stably transformed with inducible gene constructs could prove extremely valuable for the continuous and economical production of recombinant proteins. Toward this goal, we have established 11 clones (designated NISES-BoMo-DK1 to 11) from a previously reported silkworm cell line, NISES-BoMo-DZ. Nine of these clonal lines showed a distinct morphological change. i.e., cell aggregation, in response to treatment with 1 microM 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E). DK10 cells transfected with various reporter assay plasmids under optimal conditions (i.e., 20-30% transfection efficiency) showed inducibility of gene expression by 20E. The 20E treatment of the prototypical DK10 cells resulted in a simultaneous, transient increase of the nuclear ecdysone (E) receptor levels. Further, this inducibility was also observed in a DK10 cell line stably transformed with the reporter plasmid that carries the hygromycin-resistance gene. This offers an opportunity to achieve efficient, continuous production of recombinant proteins. It could also allow high throughput screening for potential E agonists.     

Bioassay for follicle stimulating activity of equine gonadotropic hormone in mare serum using frozen/thawed transiently transfected reporter cells

The objective was to establish a cell line-based bioassay for FSH in horse serum for screening samples with high eCG bioactivity. A cell line (HEK293) was transiently cotransfected with an FSH reporter expression plasmid and a cAMP-responsive β-galactosidase reporter plasmid. Cells were bulk frozen, and thawed for assay purposes. This assay was specific for FSH, with no cross-reaction with LH or insulin-like growth factor-1. Standard curves (eCG) and serum samples from pregnant mares passed parallel line bioassay validity tests (linearity and parallelism). Estimates of bioactivity with this bioassay were highly correlated with estimates obtained with the Steelman-Pohley hCG augmentation assay. The colorimetric end point permitted the use of this assay as a rapid screen for FSH bioactivity without the need for animal use or complex cell culture facilities.     

解偶联蛋白UCP1启动子荧光素酶报告基因载体的构建

目的:构建解偶联蛋白UCP1启动子荧光素酶报告基因载体,为寻找调控UCP1表达的小分子化合物提供有效工具。方法:从小鼠基因组DNA中PCR扩增小鼠UCP1启动子上游2000 bp序列,并将该序列连接到荧光素酶报告基因载体p GL3-basic中,构建p GL3-UCP1启动子。测序正确后,提取质粒,然后将上述载体与p RL-TK载体共转染至HEK293细胞、小鼠白色脂肪前体细胞和小鼠棕色脂肪前体细胞,48 h后裂解细胞检测荧光素酶的活性。结果:通过PCR成功扩增获得了目的片段,并将其克隆至p GL3-basic中。与细胞内源UCP1表达水平相似,荧光素酶报告系统表明构建的p GL3-UCP1在棕色脂肪细胞中启动子活性最高,在白色脂肪细胞中活性较低,在HEK293细胞中基本没有活性。同时β3肾上腺素受体激动剂CL 316,243同样能够上调p GL3-UCP1的启动子活性。结论:成功构建了小鼠UCP1启动子荧光素酶报告基因载体,并证明在棕色脂肪细胞中,该启动子具有很强的启动子活性,而在白色脂肪和HEK293细胞中,启动子活性很低。该启动子报告系统有望为寻找激活UCP1的小分子化合物提供重要平台。