干热灭菌温度指示剂的筛选和效果验证

利用结晶物质在一定温度下熔融的特性,通过对四种化学试剂进行熔点测定。选出试剂Ａ和试剂Ｂ作为干热灭菌温度指示剂和参考指示剂。试验结果表明,这两种温度指示剂终点明确,简便快速,能满足１８０℃干热灭菌的温度要求,可以对干热灭菌的温度验证提供客观证据     

高温灭菌操作中常见错误的分析

高温灭菌是指用热能杀死微生物。其原理是高温使原生质中的蛋白质变性、使酶失活,致使微生物死亡。高温灭菌主要有高压蒸汽灭菌法、干热灭菌法和灼烧灭菌法几种。如果操作不当,即达不到预期的灭菌效果。现就常见错误分析如下。1高压蒸汽灭菌蒸汽灭菌属湿热灭菌,由于湿热灭菌有潜能存在,被灭菌物体的温度比蒸汽的低,蒸汽在其表面凝结成水,放出潜能,可迅速提高被灭菌物体的温度。又由于水和水蒸汽比空气的热容量大、导热快、穿透力强,所以,与干热灭菌相比,灭菌需要的温度低、时间短。由于高压蒸汽灭菌法水蒸汽的温度随其所受压力的…     

应用于湿热灭菌的生物指示剂现状与分析

从研究历史、应用现状、类型划分、菌株使用和考察因素5方面对应用于湿热灭菌的生物指示剂进行了分析。发现目前市售生物指示剂生产使用环节中缺乏关键因素D值的测定,建议由第三方提供技术支持衔接完善。同时,对生物指示剂深入的探索和开发,才能够实现其在灭菌工艺验证整体环节中的应用。     

紫甘薯花青素提取物抗氧化能力的稳定性

目的:比较不同因素对花青素总抗氧化能力的影响.方法:本文采用铁离子还原法测定了两种紫红薯花青素经光照、温度、防腐剂、金属离子和杀菌工艺处理后的总抗氧化能力的变化.结果:两个品种(紫A4和京薯6)花青素提取物的总抗氧化能力随光照和加热时间延长而下降,温度越高,下降速度越快.防腐剂苯甲酸钠时两种花青素提取物总抗氧化能力的影响不明显.四种金属离子(K+、Mg2+、Ca2+、Zn2+)和四种杀菌工艺(巴氏灭菌、煮沸灭菌、高温短时灭菌、高压蒸汽灭菌)对其总抗氧化能力有不同程度的影响.其中Zn2+显著降低其总抗氧化能力,其它金属离子使其总抗氧化能力稍有增加.高温短时灭菌的影响最小,高压蒸汽灭菌的影响最大.结论:花青素抗氧化能力的稳定性受到光照、温度、金属离子和杀菌工艺等因素的影响.     

灭菌生物指示剂的研究及在灭菌监测中的应用

本文论述有关生物指示剂的历史概况，在灭菌监测中，与物理、化学指示方法比较，生物指示剂的作用与地位。在生物制品、医院、食品行业等领域，生物指示剂的应用越来越受到人们的重视，并产生了良好的效果。本文论述了灭菌监测及生物指示剂的应用，与医院的感染的关系。美国药典（ＵＳＰ）和中国卫生部与也专门规定了生物指示剂的标准，应用及有关规定。在应用时，菌株的选择和具体方法尤为受人关注，本文列出有关应用中须注意的问题     

培养基灭菌方式对细菌分离效率的影响

自然界蕴含大量未/难培养微生物,分离这些微生物对理论研究和资源开发具有重要意义。本研究使用高压灭菌和过滤除菌方式制备培养基,采用稀释涂布方法,从红树林灰泥样品中分离获得123株细菌,通过16S rRNA基因序列分析对其进行鉴定,进而探究培养基灭菌方式对细菌分离效果的影响。结果表明：过滤除菌培养基生长的单菌落数目（339±82）个显著多于高压灭菌培养基生长的单菌落数目（179±65）个;两种培养基分离细菌的群落结构在门、科和属分类水平上总体相似,但优势类群的数目和少数类群存在差异;过滤除菌培养基分离细菌的Shannon Wiener’s指数、均匀度、新种率、基因多样性均高于高压灭菌培养基,而其与近缘模式菌株相似度的平均值和中位数则低于高压灭菌培养基。因此,过滤除菌培养基分离获得细菌的多样性、均匀性和新颖性均高于高压灭菌培养基。本研究首次探究培养基灭菌方式对细菌分离效果的影响,具有更高分离效率的过滤除菌培养基为未/难培养微生物菌株资源获取提供了借鉴。     

环氧乙烷混合气体消毒柜

消毒和灭菌是提高疗效的重要手段之一。现今消毒和灭菌方法大体可分四类;热灭菌、辐射灭菌、过滤除菌和化学灭菌,应用比较广泛的主要有高压蒸汽、气体、辐射三种方法。随着医学科学和其他科学技术的发展,医用电子仪器、光学内窥器械和医用高分子材料在医学上得到了广泛的应用,传统的高压蒸汽灭菌已无法解决这些器械、材料的灭菌消毒。从而环氧乙烷气体及其设备在消毒和灭菌方面具有更加广泛的实用价值。杂环类气体消毒剂系指以环氧乙烷为基础的一系列具有杀菌作用的衍生物。它的杀菌机制是由于对蛋白质分子的烷基化作用,干扰了微生物酶的正常代谢而使之死亡。无     

高压蒸汽灭菌器中温度与压力的关系*

应用Clausius-Clapeyron方程、波义耳定律和道尔顿分压定律,分析高压蒸汽灭菌器中混合气体温度和压力的关系。以献数据建立了灭菌器中残留不同量空气时的Antoine方程,导出以压力表读数计算温度的方法。对灭菌时排放空气的必要性给予理论解释。     

儿茶素异构化的促进和抑制因素研究

本文探究高温灭菌条件下,不同时间和pH值,四种茶多酚样品的异构化情况,以及维生素C、没食子酸和柠檬酸三者抗儿茶素异构化情况。结果表明,pH值在5.0~5.5时,高压灭菌20 min内,儿茶素主要发生异构化反应,其产物随时间增多。维生素C抑制儿茶素异构化的最佳浓度是0.1 mg/m L,柠檬酸在大于0.3 mg/m L时显著抑制儿茶素异构化,没食子酸对儿茶素异构化抑制效果最佳,且具有剂量效应。此外,本实验还研究了常温高压和低温(60℃)负压对儿茶素稳定性的影响,结果显示儿茶素并不受压强大小的影响,温度是影响儿茶素稳定的重要因素。     

灭菌对杀菌剂药效的影响

灭菌会对杀菌剂的药效生产影响,实验表明,高压灭菌和常压灭菌对多菌灵,甲基托布津等杀菌的药效均会产生影响。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.