佛坪世界生物圈保护区

陕西佛坪佛坪生物圈保护区位于陕西省秦岭中段南坡的佛坪县,总面积350平方公里,以保护大熊猫、羚牛等珍稀动物及其栖息地为主。2004年加入联合国教科文组织世界生物圈保护区网络。驾车路线:京昆高速→汉中→佛坪。地方特产:核桃、猕猴桃、山茱萸、蕨菜。旅游资源:佛坪生物圈保护区内山势巍峨险峻,最高峰鲁班寨海拔2904米,与秦岭主峰太白山遥遥     

观音山自然保护区和佛坪自然保护区大熊猫种群的分布格局

2007年10月和2008年4月,对佛坪自然保护区和观音山自然保护区内大熊猫的活动痕迹进行了样线调查,研究了该区内大熊猫种群及其同域主要伴生动物的分布情况,并分析了影响大熊猫活动分布格局的环境因素.结果表明：观音山和佛坪自然保护区的大熊猫及同域主要伴生野生动物的分布格局基本一致,大熊猫在观音山自然保护区的活动痕迹密度、范围均小于佛坪自然保护区;研究区内2个大熊猫高密度等级的活动中心均分布在佛坪自然保护区内;观音山自然保护区内的大部分地区无大熊猫活动;羚牛、斑羚、野猪等大熊猫主要伴生动物在观音山自然保护区内的活动痕迹数量高于佛坪保护区;人类干扰可能对大熊猫种群活动的分布格局产生影响.     

卧龙与佛坪大熊猫产仔巢穴的比较

产仔巢穴的选择和利用是大熊猫繁殖行为的重要表现之一。它关系到产仔的方便、顺利和母仔的安全。巢穴的选择与大熊猫种群密切有关。对1980—1990年在卧龙自然保护区(以下称卧龙)和佛坪门然保护区(以下称佛坪)发现的18处大熊猫巢穴进行了比较,结果如下:     

佛坪熊猫救助档案

佛坪从1983年以来在保护区内抢救患病大熊猫22只,成活14只,其中有10只是当地群众发现后报告并及时进行抢救治疗获得成功的。下面这一个个名字,都饱含了对熊猫淳朴的爱。     

熊猫救助档案

佛坪从1983年以来在保护区内抢救患病大熊猫22只,成活14只,其中有10只是当地群众发现后报告并及时进行抢救治疗获得成功的。下面这一个个名字,都饱含了对熊猫淳朴的爱。     

佛坪大熊猫种群生存力分析的初步报告

应用种群生存力分析的一些原理和方法,借助旋涡模型,对佛坪大熊猫在未来１００年的种动态进行了预测,并对其长期存活状况以及它在环境波动、迁移扩散状太民的变化、杠息地变化和不同灾变条件下的种群动态进行了模拟。结果显示：佛坪大熊猫的种群数量在１００年内大体稳定,略有下降的趋势。     

秦岭南坡两个大熊猫活动密集区的生境特征及大熊猫对生境的选择

对秦岭佛坪和长青2个保护区的大熊猫活动密集区的系列生境因子(包括海拔、坡度、坡向、水系密度、生境类型、竹子种类)进行了研究,并分析了其与大熊猫痕迹点的关系。结果表明：佛坪和长青保护区的生境特征既有相似性又有差异性,故2个保护区的大熊猫对生境的选择也呈相似性和差异性;在长青和佛坪保护区各存在1个大熊猫活动密集区,其具有明显的宏观生境特征;大熊猫活动密集区的生境资源可获得性和大熊猫对生境因子的适应选择对应关系明显;秦岭南坡大熊猫选择的生境特征主要是：海拔1 200～2 600 m,坡度20°～40°,水系密度为2～3条·km^-2,针阔叶混交林,巴山木竹和秦岭箭竹的分布区。     

佛坪大熊猫的移动习性

１９９１年４月１９９２年４月,在佛坪自然保护区采用无线电遥测方法,对大熊猫移动进行了研究。结果表明,佛坪大熊猫有季节性能垂直移动习性。海拔２２００米以上的松花竹林为夏居地,１３００－１９００米的巴山木竹林为冬居地。每年６－９月熊猫向上移动至夏居地,１０月至次年５月在冬居地活动。熊猫的移动与气候和食物的变化有关。     

大熊猫眷恋的地方——陕西佛坪国家级自然保护区简介

佛坪国家级自然保护区建立于1978年,位于秦岭中段腹地南坡的陕西省佛坪县境内,面积292平方公里,地处亚热带与北暖温带的过渡地带和古北界与东洋界交汇的动物地理分布区.该保护区地处秦岭保护区群的核心地带,无论从地理位置、生物多样性水平等都处于非常重要的地位.这里是号称"秦岭四宝"的秦岭大熊猫、秦岭羚牛、川金丝猴、朱(睘鸟)聚集的地区.     

秦岭的大熊猫

在秦岭地区,Sowerby(1934)曾在太白山观察到大熊猫的踪迹。郑光美等(1964)在佛坪岳坝首获大熊猫头骨标本。后来经二十余年来的调查,对于分布区已有较可靠的记录,这是我国大熊猫分布中     

从长期监测数据看佛坪自然保护区大熊猫种群的发展趋势与生态习性

野生动物监测在保护管理自然资源以确保可持续利用上占有关键地位,在西方一些发达国家已成为濒危物种乃至生物多样性保护的一项重要内容。在我国,对大型哺乳动物的长期监测基本尚未纳入常规,针对野生种群的监测报道迄今罕见。本文以佛坪自然保护区2000 ～ 2006 年大熊猫监测数据为基础,通过大熊猫遗留的新鲜粪便等痕迹指标探讨了该地大熊猫种群的发展趋势与监测数据所反映的大熊猫生态习性。结果显示该保护区内大熊猫种群略显缓慢增加的趋势(t = 1.98,P = 0. 082),不同季节痕迹的海拔变化表明,该地大熊猫有季节性垂直迁移的生态习性。此外,监测数据所反映的大熊猫空间分布等亦与其他相关研究大致吻合,表明该保护区所采用的监测方法有在全国其他大熊猫保护区推广利用的潜在价值。     

Habitat Assessment for Giant Pandas in the Qinling Mountain Region of China

ABSTRACT Because habitat loss and fragmentation threaten giant pandas (Ailuropoda melanoleuca), habitat protection and restoration are important conservation measures for this endangered species. However, distribution and value of potential habitat to giant pandas on a regional scale are not fully known. Therefore, we identified and ranked giant panda habitat in Foping Nature Reserve, Guanyinshan Nature Reserve, and adjacent areas in the Qinling Mountains of China. We used Mahalanobis distance and 11 digital habitat layers to develop a multivariate habitat signature associated with 247 surveyed giant panda locations, which we then applied to the study region. We identified approximately 128 km²of giant panda habitat in Foping Nature Reserve (43.6% of the reserve) and 49 km²in Guanyinshan Nature Reserve (33.6% of the reserve). We defined core habitat areas by incorporating a minimum patch-size criterion (5.5 km²) based on home-range size. Percentage of core habitat area was higher in Foping Nature Reserve (41.8% of the reserve) than Guanyinshan Nature Reserve (26.3% of the reserve). Within the larger analysis region, Foping Nature Reserve contained 32.7% of all core habitat areas we identified, indicating regional importance of the reserve. We observed a negative relationship between distribution of core areas and presence of roads and small villages. Protection of giant panda habitat at lower elevations and improvement of habitat linkages among core habitat areas are important in a regional approach to giant panda conservation.     

秦岭地区大熊猫种群空间利用消长状态以及道路影响研究

研究大熊猫种群空间利用的消长动态及其干扰因素对识别大熊猫潜在生境、保护大熊猫种群可持续增长具有重要的现实意义。本文收集了第三次和第四次秦岭大熊猫种群及栖息地调查数据,借助地理信息系统空间分析工具,对比分析了大熊猫种群的空间利用变化格局,并探究了道路干扰对大熊猫种群空间利用格局的影响。结果显示：（1）2000-2012年间,佛坪、长青核心密集区大熊猫种群空间利用密度西北方向增加,东南方向减少,即黄柏塬保护区呈增加趋势,而佛坪、观音山和周至保护区交界处呈减少趋势。其中,局部高密度区面积减少,但整体空间利用面积增大,并呈向外围扩散趋势。种群空间利用密度最大增长达3.05痕迹点/ km²,最大减小密度达2.71痕迹点/km²。（2）距国道、省道和县道2000 m以内种群空间利用密度增幅上升,距乡村道路2000 m外种群空间利用密度变化减小,且距高速公路3500 m大熊猫种群空间利用密度由减转增。深入探讨大熊猫种群空间利用格局可为建设优良栖息地和潜在栖息地提供参考,其结论将有助于优化道路选址和保护区规划,缓解人为活动和野生动物之间的冲突。     

卧龙自然保护区大熊猫生境评价

生物的生境是指生物生活繁衍的场所,由生物与非生物环境构成。近几个世纪以来,物种绝灭的速度加快,生物多样性丧失最重要的原因是生物生境的人为破坏。对保持生物的生境评价,是分析这些物种种群减少,濒危原因的重要手段,还能为制定合理的保护对策提供依据。根据大熊猫生境分布特点提出了大熊猫生境结构理论模型,将影响卧龙大熊猫生境质量的因素分为物理环境因素、生物环境因素和人类活动因素,探讨了生境评价的程序与卧龙大熊猫生境评价准则,运用地理信息系统技术与空间模拟方法分析了卧龙大熊猫生境质量。在人类活动影响下,卧龙自然保护区内适宜大熊猫生存的生境面积有57597.3hm^2,其中最适生境面积为6256.1hm^2,主要分布在海拔2300－2800m的平缓山坡与台地。     

Impact of road construction on giant panda’s habitat and its carrying capacity in Qinling Mountains

The Qinling giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) is an endangered endemic species to China. Despite ongoing efforts to ensure its conservation, concerns about maintaining its populations persist. We used GIS fed with data on land use including road network of 2001, third national giant panda survey, and a digital elevation model (DEM) to assess the impact of road construction on giant panda habitat, and estimate the carrying capacity of the Qinling Mountain area. We assessed habitat suitability with a mechanistic model, and conducted correlation analysis to evaluate relationship between the extent of giant panda habitat and amount of sites occupied by pandas within of 5 km × 5 km grid. We also estimated the carrying capacity of the Qinling Mountainous Area.
Our results revealed a significant correlation (R² = 0.447, P < 0.01) between the number of sites with signs left by giant panda and the extent of habitat within of 5 km × 5 km grid. The minimum habitat area that can support one panda was 10 km². Before the road network construction, the area of habitat suitable for the panda amounted about 1561 km² and that of marginally suitable habitat about 1499 km². The corresponding carrying capacity represented about 240 individuals. After the road network construction, the suitable habitat area was reduced by nearly 30% to 1093 km². Marginally suitable habitat and unsuitable habitat have both increased by 17% and 1%, respectively. As a result, the potential population size which the habitat could support was reduced to 217 individuals. The study results also suggested that most impacts on habitat from road construction took place in the high elevation areas above 1500 m. However, regarding the impact on the giant panda habitat, road networks developed much more inside the current nature reserves than outside of them.     

Impact of road construction on giant panda’s habitat and its carrying capacity in Qinling Mountains

The Qinling giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) is an endangered endemic species to China. Despite ongoing efforts to ensure its conservation, concerns about maintaining its populations persist. We used GIS fed with data on land use including road network of 2001, third national giant panda survey, and a digital elevation model (DEM) to assess the impact of road construction on giant panda habitat, and estimate the carrying capacity of the Qinling Mountain area. We assessed habitat suitability with a mechanistic model, and conducted correlation analysis to evaluate relationship between the extent of giant panda habitat and amount of sites occupied by pandas within of 5 km × 5 km grid. We also estimated the carrying capacity of the Qinling Mountainous Area.
Our results revealed a significant correlation (R² = 0.447, P < 0.01) between the number of sites with signs left by giant panda and the extent of habitat within of 5 km × 5 km grid. The minimum habitat area that can support one panda was 10 km². Before the road network construction, the area of habitat suitable for the panda amounted about 1561 km² and that of marginally suitable habitat about 1499 km². The corresponding carrying capacity represented about 240 individuals. After the road network construction, the suitable habitat area was reduced by nearly 30% to 1093 km². Marginally suitable habitat and unsuitable habitat have both increased by 17% and 1%, respectively. As a result, the potential population size which the habitat could support was reduced to 217 individuals. The study results also suggested that most impacts on habitat from road construction took place in the high elevation areas above 1500 m. However, regarding the impact on the giant panda habitat, road networks developed much more inside the current nature reserves than outside of them.     

大熊猫等五种食肉动物血清蛋白和LDH同工酶盘电泳比较

大熊猫(Ailuropoda melanoleuca)是世界珍稀动物之一,近年来,兽类科学工作者对它进行了多方面的研究,也包括生化方面的工作(潘文石等,1982;Sarich,1973),但与其他食肉哺乳动物相比研究较少,而此又为探讨其分类地位所需。本文应用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶盘电泳,对大熊猫、小熊猫(AilurSs fulgens)、黑熊(Selenarctos thibetanus)、家猫及犬等5种食肉动物的血清蛋白和LDH同工酶进行比较分析,目的在于了解这5种动物的血清蛋白图象和LDH同工酶酶谱以及它们之间的谱型、相对活力、迁移率的异同,进而讨论大熊猫的分类地位。     

基于野外痕迹点和GIS技术定量评估步道对大熊猫活动的影响

道路建设不仅直接导致野生动物死亡,还能对栖息地形成阻碍效应,导致小种群出现或隔离,增加物种灭绝的风险。生态学家在道路对野生动物影响研究中的一个重要进展是道路影响域(road-effectzone)的提出,但影响域既不能反映道路影响的变化性,也难以满足栖息地评估对数据的要求。为此,我们以大熊猫(Ailuropoda melanoleuca)为例来探讨道路影响的定量评估方法。在佛坪和长青保护区内选择了3条步道,获取了步道周边1,042个大熊猫的痕迹点数据,通过GIS计算各痕迹点到步道的距离,统计距离步道每20m内的痕迹点数量,以此作为其活动频率。在距步道每100m处设置检测点,通过非参数检验比较检测点前后活动频率分布的变化,寻找道路对大熊猫活动影响的突变点,确定影响变化的阈值距离和评价标准。研究发现在距离步道1,000m内,随距离的增加,大熊猫活动频率逐渐增大,大熊猫有明显的回避效应;在距步道500m、1,000m处发现活动频率发生了显著变化,为影响的阈值距离。本研究基于痕迹点和阈值距离的评估方法可以反映道路影响连续、渐变的特点,使定量、准确评估其影响成为可能。