小鼠肠道菌群HPLC分析中色谱分离条件的优化

研究了在小鼠肠道菌群的高效离子交换色谱（HPLC）分析中,不同色谱分离条件对分离效果的影响,确立了最佳色谱条件：样品上样于Toyopearl TSKgel SuperQ-650c强阴离子交换树脂柱,以0.02mol/L哌嗪-HCl缓冲液（pH8.0）平衡,洗脱盐浓度为1.0mol/L NaCl,洗脱梯度为0.1-0.5mol/L NaCl线性梯度洗脱80min,再经0.5-0.75mol/L NaCl线性梯度洗脱25min,流速1mL/min,进样量为1mL。小鼠肠道菌群HPLC分析方法的建立,为深入研究小鼠肠道菌群的组成和动态变化奠定了基础。     

AB-8树脂对珍珠菜总黄酮的吸附性能研究

目的：考察AB-8树脂对珍珠菜提取液中总黄酮的吸附、解吸附性能及影响因素。方法：采用紫外分光光度法测定总黄酮的含量,分别考察了样品液浓度、pH值和流速对AB-8树脂吸附珍珠菜总黄酮的影响,以及洗脱剂乙醇浓度和流速对解吸附效果的影响。结果：样品液总黄酮浓度10mg／mL、pH值5．07、流速1．0mL／min时,AB-8树脂对珍珠菜总黄酮的吸附效果较好;洗脱剂为70％乙醇,流速1．5mL／min时,洗脱完全,固体总黄酮含量较高。结论：在上述条件下,AB-8树脂可用于珍珠菜提取液中总黄酮的分离纯化。     

大孔吸附树脂吸附链霉菌702抗真菌活性物质工艺

研究大孔吸附树脂吸附链霉菌702抗真菌活性物质的工艺条件。采用5种不同大孔吸附树脂吸附链霉菌702发酵液提取液中抗真菌活性物质,选择吸附效果较佳树脂进行吸附条件优化,以桔青霉为指示菌,纳他霉素为对照抗生素．采用“管碟法”测定抗真菌活性物质含量。结果发现,XAD18树脂吸附效果较好,获得优化吸附条件：上样液pH6,NaCl质量浓度10g/L,上样量22．63mg／g湿树脂,吸附流速2．5mL／min,水洗体积180mL,洗脱流速1．5mL／min,洗脱剂为体积分数10％、50％和90％的甲醇,洗脱方式为梯度洗脱。在确定的工艺条件下XAD18对链霉菌702抗真菌活性物质的吸附率可达90％,洗脱率可达75％,回收率可达80％。     

聚酰胺树脂纯化竹壳类黄酮工艺的研究

采用聚酰胺吸附树脂对竹笋壳黄酮类化合物分离纯化,确定了聚酰胺吸附树脂对竹笋壳黄酮分离纯化的最佳工艺条件:制备5mg/mL的竹笋壳黄酮提取液90mL,调节pH=5,用1.8mL/min的流速上样后,用160mL的去离子水冲洗大量杂质,随后用120mL的60%乙醇溶液洗脱120mL。在此条件下,竹笋壳黄酮的纯度为58.4%,与大孔树脂纯化方法相比,该方法更具有良好的分离纯化效果。     

离子交换法纯化α-淀粉酶抑制剂

采用离子交换法,利用弱碱性阴离子交换树脂D315吸附小麦粉初提液中的α-淀粉酶抑制剂,对其静态吸附以及洗杂洗脱条件进行研究。通过对静态吸附条件的摸索,得出静态下的最佳工艺条件:上样料液的蛋白质量浓度ρ0=2.5~3.5 mg/mL、pH=8.5~9.5、温度t=30℃、转速150 r/min。最佳洗脱条件:0.1 mol/L NaCl洗杂,0.5mol/L NaCl洗脱。在该条件下,α-淀粉酶抑制剂纯化倍数为4.25倍,收率为64.58%。     

离子交换层析纯化透明质酸

考察6种离子交换树脂的静态吸附解析效果,选出201＊7阴离子交换树脂填柱,确定洗脱流速为0.6mL/min,40mL0.3mol/LNaCl和50mL0.5mol/L NaCl双浓度洗脱,实现透明质酸和杂蛋白的分离。制得透明质酸产品蛋白含量为0.057%,葡萄糖醛酸含量为43%,平均相对分子质量大于1.1×10^6,收率为54%,符合医用级透明质酸行业标准的要求。     

牡丹籽饼粕中芍药苷类成分及其大孔吸附树脂纯化研究

采用乙醇提取,树脂纯化,HPLC制备以及LC-MS和1H NMR鉴定,从牡丹籽粕的醇提物中分离纯化了4种主要成分,分别为6'-O-β-D-葡萄糖芍药内酯苷、芍药内酯苷、β-gentiobiosylpaeoniflorin和芍药苷。对大孔吸附树脂法纯化芍药苷类成分的条件进行了试验,从4类11种树脂中筛选出HPD-200A型大孔吸附树脂,其较优的吸附分离条件为:上样液浓度(芍药苷)8.0 mg/mL,上样体积为4.5倍床体积(BV),流速为1/16 BV/min,洗脱剂乙醇溶液浓度为50%(v/v),洗脱体积为4 BV,流速为1/16 BV/min。此条件下所得提取物中含芍药苷32.3%、芍药内酯苷16.5%、6'-O-β-D-葡萄糖芍药内酯苷8.02%、β-gentiobiosylpaeoniflorin 6.63%。     

离子交换树脂纯化还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)的研究

研究005×7阳离子交换树脂分离纯化谷胱甘肽(GSH)的工艺条件。考察了005×7阳离子交换树脂对GSH的静态吸附量,洗脱时铵离子浓度、洗脱流速等对分离纯化产品GSH的影响。根据试验结果确定最佳工艺条件为:最适上柱pH为3.0,洗脱流速为:2.4ml/min,洗脱液为0.5mol/L的NH4Cl溶液;收集洗脱液,浓缩,乙醇沉淀,真空冷冻干燥,用高效液相色谱检测产品GSH,所得GSH纯度为60.8%,GSH的平均收得率为61.3%。说明此分离纯化GSH工艺可行。     

桑椹中黄酮类物质的大孔树脂纯化工艺

以桑椹中黄酮类物质的吸附量和解吸率为指标,对比分析HZ-801、HZ-816、HZ-818等12种大孔吸附树脂对桑椹提取液的分离纯化效果,优选出最佳树脂HZ-801并通过对上样液pH、上样液质量浓度、上样量、吸附流速、洗脱剂质量浓度、洗脱剂用量、洗脱流速等影响因素的考察,确定最优工艺:吸附阶段上样液pH=4,上样液质量浓度0.45mg/mL,上样量420mL,吸附流速120mL/h,动态吸附量(干树脂)25.34mg/g,吸附率84.25%;洗脱阶段的洗脱剂体积分数为60%乙醇,洗脱剂用量270mL,洗脱流速120mL/h。此优化工艺条件下的洗脱率为85.78%,总黄酮纯度从23.64%提高到82.36%。     

HD-8树脂分离天花粉中的L-瓜氨酸

本文研究了用HD8阳离子交换树脂从天花粉中分离L瓜氨酸的工艺条件。采用HD8阳离子交换树脂从天花粉水提取液中交换L瓜氨酸,该树脂对L瓜氨酸的静态交换容量为50.8mg·mL1。在流速为3BV·h1,提取液中L瓜氨酸浓度为9.64mg·mL1时,HD8树脂对L瓜氨酸的动态交换容量为46.8mg·mL1树脂,其动态平衡时间为12min。NH4OH洗脱HD8树脂载荷的L瓜氨酸效果好。控制洗脱液流速为5BV·h1,用8BV0.25mol·L1的NH4OH即可完全洗脱L瓜氨酸。采用HZ803大孔径吸附树脂吸附L瓜氨酸洗脱液中的色素,真空浓缩,并在pH=5.97、4℃条件下结晶L瓜氨酸,其收得率为7.24%,其中L瓜氨酸含量为82.7%。与等电点法相比,产品纯度提高2.36倍。     

离子交换法提取茶氨酸的研究

本研究应用国产７３２阳离子交换树脂,从茶愈伤组织浸提液中提取茶氨酸。通过静态、动态试验,对洗脱液的ｐＨ、离子强度、样液浓度和流速等因素进行了考察,比较在不同条件下,树脂对茶氨酸的吸附情况。结果表明用ｐＨ９．１８,２／１５ｍｏｌ／ＬＮａ２ＨＰＯ４作洗脱液,控制流速在０．７ＢＶ／ｈ,可分离到茶氨酸,得率７０％。     

Optimization of bio-hydrogen production from biodiesel wastes by Klebsiella pneumoniae

Biodiesel wastes containing glycerol were utilized by Klebsiella pneumoniae DSM 2026 to produce hydrogen. The optimization of medium components was performed using both Plackett-Burman and uniform design methods. Using the Plackett-Burman design, glycerol, yeast extract, NH(4)Cl, KCl and CaCl2 were found to be the most important components, which were further investigated by uniform design and second-order polynomial stepwise regression analysis. The optimized medium containing 20.4 g.L(-1) glycerol, 5.7 g.L(-1) KCl, 13.8 g.L(-1) NH(4)Cl, 1.5 g.L(-1) CaCl(2) and 3.0 g.L(-1) yeast extract resulted in 5.0-fold increased level of hydrogen (57.6 mL/50 mL medium) production compared to initial level (11.6 mL/50 mL medium) after 24 h of fermentation The optimization of fermentation condition (pH, temperature and inoculum) was also conducted. When the strain grew in the optimized medium under optimal fermentation condition in a 5-L stirred tank bioreactor for batch production, hydrogen yield and production reached 0.53 mol/mol and 117.8 mmol/L, respectively. The maximum hydrogen evolution rate was 17.8 mmol/(L.h). Furthermore, 1,3-propanediol (6.7 g.L(-1)) was also obtained from the liquid medium as a by-product.     

高产漆酶丝孢菌筛选及发酵条件初步研究

本研究首次发现丝孢菌Monodictys desquamata具有高产漆酶能力,对其发酵条件进行初步研究,结果表明,最佳培养条件为:改进的Kirk产酶培养基包含10 g/L葡萄糖,0.2g/L酒石酸铵,pH 6.0,28℃,120 r/min振荡发酵培养288 h,漆酶活性达到最高值,为573.33 U/mL。     

丝状真菌AL18的原生质体制备和再生条件的优化

目的:为了建立起产苝醌类光敏剂丝状真菌AL18原生质体制备和再生体系。方法:采用单因素实验法研究了预处理方式、渗透压稳定剂和酶解条件对原生质体制备率和再生率的影响。结果:原生质体制备及再生的最佳条件是用0.3%的β-巯基乙醇预处理15 min,酶解液以0.6 mol/L的MgSO4·7H2O作为渗透压稳定剂,0.02 mol/L的磷酸盐缓冲液pH值为5.8,纤维素酶:蜗牛酶=2:3,酶的总浓度为15mg/mL,36℃酶解2h;以0.6mol/L的蔗糖作为再生培养基的渗透压稳定剂。结论:原生质体的制备率和再生率可分别达到1.42×107/mL和3.2%。     

热水提取酿酒酵母中S-腺苷-L-甲硫氨酸的研究

研究了采用热水法直接提取酿酒酵母胞内产物S-腺苷-L-甲硫氨酸（SAM）北京,并且通过实验对影响SAM抽提的5个条件：抽提温度、抽提时间、热水用量、搅拌转速、硫酸用量等进行了优化。得出的最佳实验条件为：温度70℃、每30g湿菌体加入热水100mL、硫酸浓度0．25mol／L、搅拌转速160r／min,此时SAM的抽提率可达91．5％。与其他方法相比,该方法耗时少、仪器简单、抽提液中S-腺苷-L-甲硫氨酸质量浓度高、经济且无污染。     

人参皂苷Rb1、Rg1、Re对白血病细胞株KG1α增殖的影响

目的:探讨人参皂苷Rb1、Rg1、Re对急性髓系白血病细胞株(KG1α)增殖的影响.方法:取对数生长期KG1α细胞,分设人参皂苷Rb1、Rg1、Re组和常规培养组,以MTT比色法检测作用24h、48h、72h时对KG1α细胞增殖抑制作用,并计算Rb1的IC_(50)值,以此浓度为工作浓度,设常规培养组和处理组,台盼蓝计数法观察对KG1α细胞增殖的影响;流式细胞术测定细胞周期分布的变化.结果:MTT、台盼蓝计数显示人参皂苷单体Rb1、Rg1可抑制KG1α细胞增殖,呈浓度依赖性,以Rb1抑制效应最佳,于作用48h抑制率最高.台盼蓝计数显示人参皂苷单体Rb1-120μmol/L作用48h时抑制率达50.22%;流式细胞术结果提示,与对照组比较,Rb1-120μmol/L组G_2/M期KG1α细胞比例增加(P<0.05).结论:Rb1可抑制KG1α细胞体外增殖,其增殖抑制作用与将KG1α细胞阻滞于G_2/M期有关.     

Production of hydrogen from marine macro-algae biomass using anaerobic sewage sludge microflora

Hydrogen was produced from various marine macro-algae (seaweeds) through anaerobic fermentation using an undefined bacterial consortium. In this study, anaerobic fermentation from various marine macro-algae for Ulva lactuca, Porphyra tenera, Undaria pinnatifida, and Laminaria japonica was studied. From this analysis Laminaria japorica was determined to be the optimum substrate for hydrogen production. When L. japornica was used as the carbon source for enhanced hydrogen production, the optimum fermentation temperature, substrate concentration, initial pH, and pretreatment condition were determined to be 35°C, 5%, 7.5, and BT120 (Ball mill and thermal treatments at 120°C for 30 min), respectively. In addition, hydrogen production was improved when the sludge was heat-treated at 65°C for 20 min. Under these conditions, about 4,164 mL of hydrogen was produced from 50 g/L of dry algae (L. japonica) for 50 h, with a hydrogen concentration around 34.4%. And the maximum hydrogen production rate and yield were found to be 70 mL/L·h and 28 mL/g dry algae, respectively.     

Performance characteristics of a two-stage dark fermentative system producing hydrogen and methane continuously

The performance of a mesophilic two-stage system generating hydrogen and methane continuously from sucrose (10-30 g/L) was investigated. A hydrogen-generating CSTR followed by an upflow anaerobic filter were both inoculated with anaerobically digested sewage sludge, and ORP, pH, gas output, %H(2), %CH(4) and %CO(2) monitored. pH was controlled with NaOH, KOH or Ca(OH)(2). Using NaOH as alkali with 10 g/L sucrose, yields of 1.62 +/- 0.2 mol H(2)/mol hexose added and 323 mL CH(4)/gCOD added to the hydrogen and methane reactors respectively were achieved. The overall chemical oxygen demand (COD) reduction was 92.6% with 0.90 +/- 0.1 g/L sodium and 316 +/- 40 mg/L residual acetate in the methane reactor. Operation at 20 g/L sucrose and NaOH as alkali led to impaired volatile fatty acid (VFA) degradation in the methane reactor with 2.23 +/- 0.2 g/L sodium, 1,885 mg/L residual acetate, a hydrogen yield of 1.47 +/- 0.1 mol/mol hexose added, a methane yield of 294 mL/gCOD added and an overall COD reduction of 83%. Using Ca(OH)(2) as alkali with 20 g/L sucrose gave a hydrogen yield of 1.29 +/- 0.3 mol/mol hexose added, a methane yield of 337 mL/gCOD added and improved the overall COD reduction to 91% with residual acetate concentrations of 522 +/- 87 mg/L. Operation at 30 g/L sucrose with Ca(OH)(2) gave poorer overall COD reduction (68%), a hydrogen yield of 1.47 +/- 0.2 mol/mol hexose added, a methane yield of 138 mL/gCOD added and residual acetate 7,343 +/- 715 mg/L. It was shown that sodium toxicity and overloading are important issues for successful anaerobic digestion of effluent from biohydrogen reactors in high rate systems.     

Determination of metformin hydrochloride using precolumn derivatization with acetaldehyde and capillary electrophoresis coupled with electrochemiluminescence

A novel method was developed using capillary electrophoresis (CE) coupled with tris(2,2′‐bipyridyl)ruthenium(II) electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL) for highly sensitive detection of metformin hydrochloride (MH) derivatizatized with acetaldehyde. The precolumn derivatization of MH with acetaldehyde was performed in phosphate buffer solution (0.3 mol/L, pH 7.5) at room temperature for 120 min. The effects of acetaldehyde concentration, buffer pH, electrokinetic voltage and injection time were investigated. Under optimized detection conditions, the MH ECL detection sensitivity was more than 120 times that without derivatization. The linear concentration range for MH was 0.001–15.00 μg/mL (with a correlation coefficient of 0.9992). The detection limit was 0.31 ng/mL with a signal:noise ratio of 3. The recoveries of MH in human urine were in the range 98.50–99.72%. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

疏水相互作用层析分离重组人干扰素α2b

目的采用疏水相互作用层析分离重组人干扰素α2b,去除干扰素样品中的二聚体,得到高纯度的干扰素用于进一步的研究。方法首先采用阳离子交换层析纯化复性重组人干扰素α2b,去除了大部分的杂蛋白,然后采用疏水相互作用层析纯化重组人干扰素α2b,去除复性过程中产生的错误折叠体和二聚体,并考察盐浓度、pH值、流速和洗脱液中尿素对疏水相互作用层析纯化效果的影响。结果硫酸铵初始浓度1.2 mol/L、缓冲液pH值6.0、流速2.5 mL/min、洗脱液中添加尿素浓度为2 mol/L时疏水相互作用层析纯化效果最佳。最终得到的重组人干扰素α2b非还原型SDS-PAGE电泳均呈单一条带。结论确定了疏水层析纯化重组人干扰素α2b的最优条件,成功提取到具有高活性、高纯度的重组人干扰素α2b纯品。