基因枪介导的大蒜遗传转化体系的建立

以大蒜无菌苗根诱导的愈伤组织为受体进行基因枪转化,根据愈伤组织的形态特征设计了6组基因枪转化参数进行试验。结果表明,其中4组转化试验都获得了转基因植株;轰击距离9 cm、压力1100 psi和轰击距离12.5 cm、压力1300 psi各轰击1次的轰击方式获得了最高的转化效率,为2.4%。对抗性植株进行了PCR和Southern blot检测,证明pCAMBIA1301载体上的潮霉素抗性选择标记基因和gus报告基因已整合到抗性植株的基因组中。对转化后的愈伤组织、胚状体、根、再生芽尖和叶片进行gus基因的表达检测,抗性材料显示出明显的蓝色反应。这些结果表明已初步建立了基因枪介导的大蒜遗传转化体系,将为大蒜的基因工程改良奠定基础。     

Transgeni根癌农杆菌介导的小麦转基因植株再生(英文)

根癌农杆菌菌株Ａｇｌ Ⅰ的Ｔｉ 质粒ｐＵＮＮ－２ 带有Ｕｂｉ１ 启动子驱动的ｎｐｔ Ⅱ基因。７ 种基因型小麦幼胚或胚性愈伤组织用于农杆菌介导的转化实验。经过不同浓度巴龙霉素的筛选,３ 种基因型小麦产生抗性愈伤组织并再生植株。再生植株经ＰＣＲ 和Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎ 杂交鉴定为转基因植株,转化频率（ 再生转基因植株的小麦愈伤组织数／ 用于转化实验的愈伤组织数） 为３．７％ ～５ ．９％ 。小麦基因型及转化材料的起始生理状态是影响ＴＤＮＡ转移的重要因素。     

小麦组织培养和基因抢轰击影响因素探讨

本研究就基因枪法转化小麦过程中的组织培养和轰击参数等影响因素进行了探讨。结果表明,小麦幼胚是比幼穗或成熟胚更理想的转化受体。因供试小麦品种基因型不同,幼胚愈伤组织再生频率差异明显,辽－10为7．84％,91B569为13．68％,东农7742为54．90％。小麦本身对选择剂卡那霉素有较高的天然抗性,采用G418对小麦幼胚愈伤组织进行筛选效果明显。G418的毒性作用有滞后特点,3个小麦品种对G418的敏感性依次为辽－10＞91B569＞东农7742。用G418做选择剂筛选辽－10、91B569和东农7742抗性愈伤的适合浓度分别为25mg/L、30mg/L和35mg/L。此外,不同轰击参数影响金粉分布的范围和密度。轰击距离为6cm或9cm时,内部金粉密度大而外围金粉密度小,差异极大。轰击距离为12cm时,内部和外围金密度差异小,均匀度好。     

转苏云金杆菌毒蛋白基因玉米植株的获得及其抗虫性分析

玉米 (ZeamaysL .)转化成功与否与基因型密切相关。在转化过程中 ,除少数模式品种能够形成再生频率较高且易转化的Ⅱ型愈伤组织外 ,大多数栽培品种往往只能够形成再生频率较低且不易转化的Ⅰ型愈伤组织。因此探索Ⅰ型愈伤组织的诱导及其转化条件 ,提高转化效率 ,对直接改良玉米优良自交系具有重要意义。应用基因枪转化技术将苏云金杆菌 (Bacillusthuringiensis)cry1Ac3基因导入玉米优良自交系E2 8及 34 0的Ⅰ型胚性愈伤组织中 ,经过膦丝菌素 (PPT)或潮霉素 (HygB)筛选 ,获得了再生植株。经PCR检测、Southernblot分析及Bt毒蛋白ELISA检测证实 ,外源基因已整合到玉米基因组中 ,并已获得表达。抗虫性分析结果表明 ,部分转基因玉米植株对玉米螟虫有较强的抗性。还比较了PPT和HygB两种筛选剂的筛选效果 ,表明PPT筛选的抗性愈伤组织的再生频率要高于HygB筛选的再生频率。     

转苏云金杆菌毒蛋白基因玉米植株的获得及其抗虫性分析

玉米( Zea mays L.)转化成功与否与基因型密切相关.在转化过程中,除少数模式品种能够形成再生频率较高且易转化的Ⅱ型愈伤组织外,大多数栽培品种往往只能够形成再生频率较低且不易转化的Ⅰ型愈伤组织.因此探索Ⅰ型愈伤组织的诱导及其转化条件,提高转化效率,对直接改良玉米优良自交系具有重要意义.应用基因枪转化技术将苏云金杆菌( Bacillus thuringiensis ) cry1Ac3基因导入玉米优良自交系E28及340的Ⅰ型胚性愈伤组织中,经过膦丝菌素(PPT)或潮霉素(HygB)筛选,获得了再生植株.经PCR检测、Southern blot分析及Bt毒蛋白ELISA检测证实,外源基因已整合到玉米基因组中,并已获得表达.抗虫性分析结果表明,部分转基因玉米植株对玉米螟虫有较强的抗性.还比较了PPT和HygB两种筛选剂的筛选效果,表明PPT筛选的抗性愈伤组织的再生频率要高于HygB筛选的再生频率.     

基因枪轰击谷子幼穗获得转基因植株

以ＪＱ－７００型国产基因枪轰击豫谷２号谷子幼穗,在１５０ｍｇ／Ｌ卡那霉素选择培养基上筛选到９０８块抗性愈伤组织,其中,绿芽块愈伤５块,共分化出１６株绿苗,组织化学检测ＧＵＳ表达,获得３株阳性植株,Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎ杂交证明１株为阳性。以轰击总外植体计算的转基因植株频率为０．０５％。     

根癌农杆菌介导的高羊茅遗传转化研究

采用携带卡那霉素抗性基因nptⅡ和Na^ ／H^ 反向运输AtNHX1基因的表达载体pROK2／AtNHX1(带有35S启动子)和pROK2U／AtNHX1(带有ubi1启动子)的根癌农杆菌AGL1和GV3101,对4个品种高羊茅下胚轴来源的胚性愈伤组织进行了遗传转化。胚性愈伤组织经根癌农杆菌感染和共培养后,用50～150mg／L巴龙霉素筛选抗性愈伤组织,获得1126棵再生植株,用10～20mg／L卡那霉素进一步筛选再生植株,总共得到525棵绿色抗性植株。抗性植株的总DNA用AtNHX1基因的特异引物进行PCR检测,其中21棵为PCR阳性,最高转化频率为1．77％。Southern杂交结果证实,外源基因以低拷贝整合到高羊茅的基因组中,实验发现,在不同品种之间转化效率有所差异。     

影响基因枪法转化小麦幼胚的几个因素的研究

近几年,利用基因枪直接转入外源DNA,已经成为禾谷类基因转化的主要方法。但在小麦中存在着DNA导入频率低且组织受轰击后再生能力降低等问题。通过实验发现,轰击前14天将小麦幼胚接种于附加0.5mg/L脱落酸(ABA)的诱导培养基上,可显著提高小麦盾片愈伤组织的再生能力。并且,在轰击前6h至轰击后18h,将愈伤组织保持在附加0.5mol/L甘露醇的培养基中,其报告基因的表达将比对照呈几倍的提高。另外,合适的轰击用金粉与DNA配比是转化的关键因素之一。轰击培养14天左右的愈伤组织,每枪用250μg金粉附着0.5μg质粒DNA较宜。     

根癌农杆菌介导的小麦转基因植株再生

根癌农杆菌菌株Ａｇｌ Ⅰ的Ｔｉ质粒ｐ＾ＵＮＮ－２带有Ｕｂｉ１启动子驱动的ｎｐｔⅡ基因。７种基因型小麦幼胚或胚性愈伤组织用于农杆菌介导的转化实验。经过不同家度巴龙霉素的筛选,３种基因型小麦产生抗性愈伤组织并再生植株。再生植株经ＰＣＲ和Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎ杂交鉴定为转基因植株,转化频率为３．７％－５．９％。小麦基因型及转化材料的起始生理状态的影响Ｔ－ＤＮＡ转移的重要因素。     

用天花粉蛋白基因转化小麦获得转基因植株

取普通小麦品种京411未成熟胚诱导愈伤组织,10天左右,对820个胚性愈伤组织用含有35S启动子的天花粉蛋白（trichosanthin,TCS)基因轰击。2周后,将这些被轰击的愈伤组织转到含潮霉素50mg/L的筛选培养基上,经分化和生根,获得了33棵再生植株,经接饲毒蚜虫抗病性鉴定和PCR,Southern杂交分析,从中筛选出4株含有编码TCS的转基因小麦植株,转化频率为0．49％。     

转MDMV CP基因玉米植株的再生

用基因枪法将玉米矮花叶病毒外壳蛋白基因导入玉米自交系综31幼胚诱导的愈伤组织中,在含有Bialaphos 6 mg·L^-1的选择培养基上经过3个月的抗性筛选,抗性愈伤组织在分化培养基上生成可育再生植株。PCR、PCR-Southern blot及DNA点杂交结果表明,外源基因已导入到玉米基因组中。转基因T1和T2代植株在大田表现出对MDMV的抗性,可以降低发病率,减轻发病程度。     

Biolistic transformation of highly regenerative sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) leaves

Leaves of greenhouse-grown sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) plants that were first screened for high regeneration potential were transformed via particle bombardment with the uidA gene fused to the osmotin or proteinase inhibitor II gene promoter. Stably transformed calli were recovered as early as 7 weeks after bombardment and GUS-positive shoots regenerated 3 months after bombardment. The efficiency of transformation ranged from 0.9% to 3.7%, and stable integration of the uidA gene into the genome was confirmed by Southern blot analysis. The main advantages of direct bombardment of leaves to regenerate transformed sugar beet include (1) a readily available source of highly regenerative target tissue, (2) minimal tissue culture manipulation before and after bombardment, and (3) the overall rapid regeneration of transgenic shoots.     

Genetic transformation of two species of orchid by biolistic bombardment

We report here the transformation of two species of orchid, Dendrobium phalaenopsis and D. nobile,by biolistic bombardment. Calli or protocorm-like bodies (PLBs) were used as target explants. Gold particles (1.0 microm) coated with plasmid DNA (pCAMBIA1301) encoding an intron-containing beta-glucuronidase gene (gus-int) and a hygromycin phosphotransferase (hpt) gene were introduced into the PLBs or calli using the Bio-Rad PDS-1000/He Biolistic Particle Delivery System. Calli and PLBs were then chopped up and pre-cultured in 1/2-strength MS medium supplemented with 0.4 M mannitol for a 1-h osmoticum treatment before bombardment. Immediately after bombardment, the calli and PLBs were transferred to 1/2-strength MS medium without mannitol for recovery. Putatively transformed plantlets were obtained by selection and regeneration on medium supplemented with 30 mg/l hygromycin. The highest efficiency of transformation was obtained when selection was conducted at 2 days post-bombardment. For D. phalaenopsis and D. nobile, respectively, about 12% and 2% of the bombarded calli or PLBs produced independent transgenic plants. Integration and expression of the transgenes were confirmed by Southern hybridization and Northern hybridization. No nontransformed plants were regenerated, indicating a tight selection scheme. However, separate incorporation of the gus gene and the hpt gene was observed, and in one transgenic line the gus gene was integrated into the genome of the transgenic plant, but not expressed.     

Preliminary Study on Transformation of Wheat Apical Point

Apical points of young seedlings of wheat (Triticum aestivum) cultivar "Jing 411” and somatic calli of cultivar "FK8” were transformed with plasmids pBI121 and (or) pBIAH-A+ by using microprojectile bombardment. Histochemical assay of GUS activity showed positive reaction on some of the transformation processed apical points and calli. This demonstrated that foreign genes were introduced into the apical meristematic cells as well as the callus cells. The plantlets of cv. "Jing 411” survived after apical point transformation with pBIAH-A+ were transplanted into the field and the progenies were screened with kanamycin. 4 % of the screened seeds germinated into green seedlings with kanamycin resistance. Dot hybridization of total DNA from kanamycin resistant plants showed the existence of foreign DNA in some of the detected plants.     

籼稻基因枪转化的研究

对国内外１７个籼稻品种进行了基因枪转化,研究了有利于籼稻愈伤组织诱导和生长的培养条件和筛选程序,１５个品种获得了潮霉素抗性愈伤组织,５个品种再生了植株,包括当前国际上推广的ＩＲ系统及国内的优良品种和恢复系,分子生物学证据证明潮霉素基因已经整合入籼稻的基因组。最高植株转化频率接近一般粳稻水平,多数低于粳稻水平。这为建立籼稻的转化系统打下了基础。     

农杆菌介导的小麦遗传转化几个影响因素的研究

采用携带gus和（或）bar基因双元表达载体（p3301,pBTAaB)的3个根癌农杆菌（Agrobacterium tumefaciens)菌株（AGL-1,EHA105和LBA4404）对普通小麦（Triticum aestivumL.)冬性栽培品种农大170和农大146的幼胚及幼胚愈伤组织进行了遗传转化,结果表明,菌液浓度OD6001.0和侵染时间1h对外植体的生存和转化最为有利;侵染前对外植体进行高渗处理较明显地提高了抗性愈伤获得率;乙酰丁香酮（AS）对小麦转化的作用随菌株和外植体的不同而异;菌株/质粒组合,受体基因型及外植体的类型,年龄和生理状态对转化效率有很大的影响,条件优化后,得到大量具有PPT抗性的愈伤和一些抗性植株,抗性愈伤的GUS染色阳性率在50%-60%之间,所检测的抗性苗呈GUS阳性,对6株抗性苗的PCR和Southern检测初步证明,外源基因已经整合到其中3株的基因组中。     

用PEG法把外源基因导入甘蓝型油菜原生质体再生转基因植株

通过PEG处理把外源基因导入甘蓝型油菜原生质体。转化介质中二价阳离子的种类和浓度、携带DNA及PEG溶液的pH值都会影响基因导入效率。以潮霉素抗性和卡那霉素抗性作标记,均成功地筛选到了抗性愈伤组织。相对转化频率分别为1.3%和0.2%。前者明显高于后者。把抗性愈伤组织转到分化培养基上,分化出芽。诱导生根后移栽到土壤中,生长状况良好。酶活性测定和Southern blotting分析表明外源基因已插入到植物细胞基因组中。该遗传转化系统存在的主要问题是抗性愈伤组织分化频率较低。本文对其原因作了初步分析。     

高羊茅组织培养再生体系及GUS基因瞬间表达研究

以成熟种子为外值体,对高羊茅纰织培养和植株再生体系进行了优化,分析了不同浓度2．4-D、6-BA和激动素对高羊茅愈伤组织诱导和愈伤组织分化成苗的影响．结果表明：9．0mg／L 2．4-L)对愈伤组织的诱导效果最佳．0．2mg／L激动素是愈伤组织分化成苗的最适浓度．二者的诱导率和分化率分别达到68．08%和45．83％。在愈伤组织继代培养基中附加1．0mg／L 2．4-D、0．5mg／L 6-BA和1．25mg／L CuSO4;有利于胚性愈伤组织的形成,可以明显促进愈伤组织分化。同时．采用基因枪法将GUS基因导入高羊茅愈伤组织中,通过组织化学染色检测到了GUS瞬间表达活性;并对影响CUS基因瞬间表达的因素进行了分析．以期为提高基因枪法遗传转化效率提供参考。     

Efficient selection and regeneration of creeping bentgrass transformants following particle bombardment

We have established an efficient genetic transformation system for creeping bentgrass (Agrostis palustris Huds.) using particle bombardment. The transformation was performed using the plasmid pZO1052 which contains the reporter β-glucuronidase (uidA) gene and the selectable marker hygromycin phosphotransferase (hph) gene. Transformed calli and plants were obtained via particle bombardment followed by selection of transformants on medium containing 200 mg/l of hygromycin. An average of 4.6 resistant colonies per bombardment were obtained. Southern analysis confirmed the integration of foreign genes in 19 of 21 putative transformants, indicating that selection by hygromycin was highly effective. Received: 6 February 1997 / Revision received: 16 April 1997 / Accepted: 9 May 1997     

基因枪法介导GNA基因遗传转化甘蔗的研究

目的:将含有雪花莲外源凝集素(GNA)基因的植物表达载体用基因枪法分别导入一个果蔗和一个糖蔗品种中,以期获得转基因植株。方法:将GNA基因插入到植物表达载体上,构建出不同选择标记、不同启动子的表达载体,并用基因枪法将之导入甘蔗胚性愈伤组织,分别在G418、PPT和Hyg的选择压力下,筛选抗性植株,并进行分子杂交鉴定。结果:通过斑点杂交和PCR-Southern杂交证明GNA基因已整合到甘蔗基因组中。结论:用基因枪法成功获得了含有GNA基因的甘蔗转化株,为培育抗甘蔗绵蚜(Ceratovacuna lanigeraZehnther)的新品种提供了基础。